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E-raamat: Nanotechnology: Understanding Small Systems, Third Edition

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(NevadaNano, Sparks, USA), (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA), (NevadaNano, Sparks, USA)
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An Accessible, Scientifically Rigorous Presentation That Helps Your Students Learn the Real StuffWinner of a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Book Award 2011!… takes the revolutionary concepts and techniques that have traditionally been fodder for graduate study and makes them accessible for all. … outstanding introduction to the broad field of nanotechnology provides a solid foundation for further study. … Highly recommended.—N.M. Fahrenkopf, University at Albany, CHOICE Magazine 2011Give your students the thorough grounding they need in nanotechnology. A rigorous yet accessible treatment of one of the world’s fastest growing fields, Nanotechnology: Understanding Small Systems, Third Edition provides an accessible introduction without sacrificing rigorous scientific details. This approach makes the subject matter accessible to students from a variety of disciplines. Building on the foundation set by the first two bestselling editions, this third edition maintains the features that made previous editions popular with students and professors alike. See What’s New in the Third Edition:Updated coverage of the eight main facets of nanotechnologyExpanded treatment of health/environmental ramifications of nanomaterialsComparison of macroscale systems to those at the nanoscale, showing how scale phenomena affects behaviorNew chapter on nanomedicineNew problems, examples, and an exhaustive nanotech glossaryFilled with real-world examples and original illustrations, the presentation makes the material fun and engaging. The systems-based approach gives students the tools to create systems with unique functions and characteristics. Fitting neatly between popular science books and high-level treatises, the book works from the ground up to provide a gateway into an exciting and rapidly evolving area of science.

Arvustused

"I use this book for undergrad freshmen and sophomore students. This book is useful to introduce the concept of nanotechnology to undergrad students in their very early stage of study." Eui-Hyeok Yang, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA

"The book is well-written with lots of examples and historic perspectives that certainly make reading more enjoyable and stimulating." Dr. Prabhu Arumugam, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA

"The main strengths of this book are its illustrations, which are well conceived and layered from the viewpoint of attracting student attention, while also containing a sufficient level of detail to warrant repeated reference. While the "back of the envelope" calculations can come across as rather simplistic, I like it from the viewpoint that it helps students identify a degree of personal connection to the concept. The connection to emerging research ideas and even some example commercial products helps highlight the dynamic coverage of the topics. Through classifying chapters as per the areas of mechanics, fluidics, electronics, biology and medicine, the authors are able to relate their material to core disciplines, while emphasizing unifying and converging ideas." Nathan S. Swami, Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA





"Overall, this book takes engaging and entertaining style, which makes this book very readable, and provides a gateway into an exciting and rapidly evolving area of science." Mei Zhang, Florida State University

" a comprehensive overview of nearly all aspects of modern and meaningful nano science and technology. accessible to students with a wide variety of backgrounds, strengths, and disciplines, especially within a full semester course on nano science and technology." Michael J. Escuti, North Carolina State University

" describes the plurality of nanotechnology in a good manner, both from its historical, chemical, physical and biological aspects " Ola Nilsen, University of Oslo, Norway

" an excellent introduction to a wide range of nanotechnology topics and the authors make the material fun to learn. The authors are able to strip down difficult topics and present them in an easy to read formula." Donald J. Sirbuly, Department of NanoEngineering, UC San Diego

Preface, xv
Acknowledgments, xvii
Authors, xix
Chapter 1 Big Picture And Principles Of The Small World 1(30)
1.1 Understanding The Atom: Ex Nihilo Nihil Fit
3(6)
1.2 Nanotechnology Starts With A Dare: Feynman's Big Little Challenges
9(6)
1.3 Why One-Billionth Of A Meter Is A Big Deal
15(1)
1.4 Thinking It Through: The Broad Implications Of Nanotechnology
16(8)
1.4.1 Gray Goo
19(1)
1.4.2 Environmental Impact: Risks To Ecosystems And Human Health
19(4)
1.4.3 The Written Word
23(1)
1.5 The Business Of Nanotech: Plenty Of Room At The Bottom Line Too
24(3)
1.5.1 Products
26(1)
Homework Exercises
27(2)
References
29(1)
Recommendations For Further Reading
30(1)
Chapter 2 Introduction To Miniaturization 31(26)
2.1 Background: The Smaller, The Better
31(1)
2.2 Scaling Laws
32(17)
2.2.1 The Elephant And The Flea
32(3)
2.2.2 Scaling In Mechanics
35(3)
2.2.3 Scaling In Electricity And Electromagnetism
38(3)
2.2.4 Scaling In Optics
41(2)
2.2.5 Scaling In Heat Transfer
43(2)
2.2.6 Scaling In Fluids
45(3)
2.2.7 Scaling In Biology
48(1)
2.3 Accuracy Of The Scaling Laws
49(2)
Homework Exercises
51(4)
Recommendations For Further Reading
55(2)
Chapter 3 Introduction To Nanoscale Physics 57(32)
3.1 Background: Newton Never Saw A Nanotube
57(1)
3.2 One Hundred Hours And Eight Minutes Of Nanoscale Physics
57(1)
3.3 The Basics Of Quantum Mechanics
58(25)
3.3.1 Atomic Orbitals (Not Orbits)
59(3)
3.3.2 EM Waves
62(4)
3.3.2.1 How EM Waves Are Made
64(2)
3.3.3 The Quantization Of Energy
66(1)
3.3.4 Atomic Spectra And Discreteness
67(2)
3.3.5 The Photoelectric Effect
69(4)
3.3.6 Wave-Particle Duality: The Double-Slit Experiment
73(4)
3.3.6.1 Bullets
73(1)
3.3.6.2 Water Waves
74(1)
3.3.6.3 Electrons
75(2)
3.3.7 The Uncertainty Principle
77(2)
3.3.8 Particle In A Well
79(4)
3.4 Summary
83(1)
Homework Exercises
84(3)
References
87(1)
Recommendations For Further Reading
87(2)
Chapter 4 Nanornaterials 89(42)
4.1 Background: Matter Matters
89(1)
4.2 Bonding Atoms To Make Molecules And Solids
89(11)
4.2.1 Ionic Bonding
90(3)
4.2.2 Covalent Bonding
93(1)
4.2.3 Metallic Bonding
93(1)
4.2.4 Walking Through Waals: Van Der Waals Forces
94(8)
4.2.4.1 Dispersion Force
95(1)
4.2.4.2 Repulsive Forces
96(1)
4.2.4.3 Van Der Waals Force Versus Gravity
97(3)
4.3 Crystal Structures
100(2)
4.4 Structures Small Enough To Be Different (And Useful)
102(22)
4.4.1 Particles
103(4)
4.4.1.1 Colloidal Particles
107(1)
4.4.2 Wires
107(2)
4.4.3 Films, Layers, And Coatings
109(2)
4.4.4 Porous Materials
111(2)
4.4.5 Small-Grained Materials
113(3)
4.4.6 Molecules
116(15)
4.4.6.1 Carbon Fullerenes And Nanotubes
117(4)
4.4.6.2 Dendrimers
121(2)
4.4.6.3 Micelles
123(1)
4.5 Summary
124(1)
Homework Exercises
124(5)
Recommendations For Further Reading
129(2)
Chapter 5 Nanomechanics 131(62)
5.1 Background: The Universe Mechanism
131(2)
5.1.1 Nanomechanics: Which Motions And Forces Make The Cut?
132(1)
5.2 A High-Speed Review Of Motion: Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, And Force
133(3)
5.3 Nanomechanical Oscillators: A Tale Of Beams And Atoms
136(36)
5.3.1 Beams
136(12)
5.3.1.1 Free Oscillation
137(3)
5.3.1.2 Free Oscillation From The Perspective Of Energy (And Probability)
140(2)
5.3.1.3 Forced Oscillation
142(6)
5.3.2 Atoms
148(15)
5.3.2.1 Lennard-Jones Interaction: How An Atomic Bond Is Like A Spring
148(4)
5.3.2.2 Quantum Mechanics Of Oscillating Atoms
152(4)
5.3.2.3 Schrodinger Equation And Correspondence Principle
156(5)
5.3.2.4 Phonons
161(2)
5.3.3 Nanomechanical Oscillator Applications
163(9)
5.3.3.1 Nanomechanical Memory Elements
164(4)
5.3.3.2 Nanomechanical Mass Sensors: Detecting Low Concentrations
168(4)
5.4 Feeling Faint Forces
172(15)
5.4.1 Scanning Probe Microscopes
172(11)
5.4.1.1 Pushing Atoms Around With The Scanning Tunneling Microscope
172(3)
5.4.1.2 Skimming Across Atoms With The Atomic Force Microscope
175(2)
5.4.1.3 Pulling Atoms Apart With The AFM
177(3)
5.4.1.4 Rubbing And Mashing Atoms With The AFM
180(3)
5.4.2 Mechanical Chemistry: Detecting Molecules With Bending Beams
183(4)
5.5 Summary
187(1)
Homework Exercises
187(5)
Reference
192(1)
Recommendations For Further Reading
192(1)
Chapter 6 Nanoelectronics 193(44)
6.1 Background: The Problem (Opportunity)
193(1)
6.2 Electron Energy Bands
193(3)
6.3 Electrons In Solids: Conductors, Insulators, And Semiconductors
196(3)
6.4 Fermi Energy
199(2)
6.5 Density Of States For Solids
201(3)
6.5.1 Electron Density In A Conductor
203(1)
6.6 Turn Down The Volume! (How To Make A Solid Act More Like An Atom)
204(1)
6.7 Quantum Confinement
205(11)
6.7.1 Quantum Structures
207(2)
6.7.1.1 Uses For Quantum Structures
208(1)
6.7.2 How Small Is Small Enough For Confinement?
209(6)
6.7.2.1 Conductors: The Metal-To-Insulator Transition
211(2)
6.7.2.2 Semiconductors: Confining Excitons
213(2)
6.7.3 Band Gap Of Nanomaterials
215(1)
6.8 Tunneling
216(4)
6.8.1 Electrons Tunnel
216(4)
6.9 Single Electron Phenomena
220(8)
6.9.1 Two Rules For Keeping The Quantum In Quantum Dot
221(4)
6.9.1.1 Rule 1: The Coulomb Blockade
221(3)
6.9.1.2 Rule 2: Overcoming Uncertainty
224(1)
6.9.2 Single-Electron Transistor
225(3)
6.10 Molecular Electronics
228(4)
6.10.1 Molecular Switches And Memory Storage
230(2)
6.11 Summary
232
Homework Exercises
23(213)
Reference
236(1)
Recommendations For Further Reading
236(1)
Chapter 7 Nanoscale Heat Transfer 237(18)
7.1 Background: Hot Topic
237(1)
7.2 All Heat Is Nanoscale Heat
237(1)
7.2.1 Boltzmann's Constant
238(1)
7.3 Conduction
238(10)
7.3.1 Thermal Conductivity Of Nanoscale Structures
242(7)
7.3.1.1 Mean Free Path And Scattering Of Heat Carriers
242(3)
7.3.1.2 Thermoelectrics: Better Energy Conversion With Nanostructures
245(2)
7.3.1.3 Quantum Of Thermal Conduction
247(1)
7.4 Convection
248(1)
7.5 Radiation
249(3)
7.5.1 Increased Radiation Heat Transfer: Mind The Gap!
250(2)
7.6 Summary
252(1)
Homework Exercises
253(1)
Recommendations For Further Reading
254(1)
Chapter 8 Nanophotonics 255(28)
8.1 Background: The Lycurgus Cup And The Birth Of The Photon
255(1)
8.2 Photonic Properties Of Nanomaterials
256(16)
8.2.1 Photon Absorption
256(1)
8.2.2 Photon Emission
257(1)
8.2.3 Photon Scattering
258(1)
8.2.4 Metals
259(7)
8.2.4.1 Permittivity And The Free Electron Plasma
260(2)
8.2.4.2 The Extinction Coefficient Of Metal Particles
262(3)
8.2.4.3 Colors And Uses Of Gold And Silver Particles
265(1)
8.2.5 Semiconductors
266(6)
8.2.5.1 Tuning The Band Gap Of Nanoscale Semiconductors
266(2)
8.2.5.2 The Colors And Uses Of Quantum Dots
268(1)
8.2.5.3 Lasers Based On Quantum Confinement
269(3)
8.3 Near-Field Light
272(5)
8.3.1 The Limits Of Light: Conventional Optics
272(2)
8.3.2 Near-Field Optical Microscopes
274(3)
8.4 Optical Tweezers
277(1)
8.5 Photonic Crystals: A Band Gap For Photons
277(1)
8.6 Summary
278(1)
Homework Excercise
279(3)
Recommendations For Further Reading
282(1)
Chapter 9 Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics 283(50)
9.1 Background: Becoming Fluent In Fluids
283(9)
9.1.1 Treating A Fluid The Way It Should Be Treated: The Concept Of A Continuum
283(9)
9.1.1.1 Fluid Motion, Continuum Style: The Navier-Stokes Equations
284(6)
9.1.1.2 Fluid Motion: Molecular Dynamics Style
290(2)
9.2 Fluids At The Nanoscale: Major Concepts
292(12)
9.2.1 Swimming In Molasses: Life At Low Reynolds Numbers
292(2)
9.2.1.1 Reynolds Number
292(2)
9.2.2 Surface Charges And The Electrical Double Layer
294(7)
9.2.2.1 Surface Charges At Interfaces
295(1)
9.2.2.2 Gouy-Chapman-Stern Model And Electrical Double Layer
296(3)
9.2.2.3 Electrokinetic Phenomena
299(2)
9.2.3 Small Particles In Small Flows: Molecular Diffusion
301(3)
9.3 How Fluids Flow At The Nanoscale
304(19)
9.3.1 Pressure-Driven Flow
305(3)
9.3.2 Gravity-Driven Flow
308(1)
9.3.3 Electroosmosis
309(4)
9.3.4 Superposition Of Flows
313(2)
9.3.5 Ions And Macromolecules Moving Through A Channel
315(8)
9.3.5.1 Stokes Flow Around A Particle
315(3)
9.3.5.2 The Convection-Difrusion-Electromigration Equation: Nanochannel Electrophoresis
318(5)
9.3.5.3 Macromolecules In A Nanofluidic Channel
323(1)
9.4 Applications Of Nanofluidics
323(4)
9.4.1 Analysis Of Biomolecules: An End To Painful Doctor Visits?
324(1)
9.4.2 Electroosmotic Pumps: Cooling Off Computer Chips
325(1)
9.4.3 Other Applications
325(2)
9.5 Summary
327(1)
Homework Exercises
328(2)
Recommendations For Further Reading
330(3)
Chapter 10 Nanobiotechnology 333(32)
10.1 Background: Our World In A Cell
333(2)
10.2 Introduction: How Biology "Feels" At The Nanometer Scale
335(6)
10.2.1 Biological Shapes At The Nanoscale: Carbon And Water Are The Essential Tools
335(1)
10.2.2 Inertia And Gravity Are Insignificant: The Swimming Bacterium
336(2)
10.2.3 Random Thermal Motion
338(3)
10.3 The Machinery Of The Cell
341(18)
10.3.1 Sugars Are Used For Energy (But Also Structure)
342(1)
10.3.1.1 Glucose
342(1)
10.3.2 Fatty Acids Are Used For Structure (But Also Energy)
343(6)
10.3.2.1 Phospholipids
346(3)
10.3.3 Nucleotides Are Used To Store Information And Carry Chemical Energy
349(5)
10.3.3.1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid
349(4)
10.3.3.2 Adenosine Triphosphate
353(1)
10.3.4 Amino Acids Are Used To Make Proteins
354(5)
10.3.4.1 ATP Synthase
356(3)
10.4 Applications Of Nanobiotechnology
359(1)
10.4.1 Biomimetic Nanostructures
359(1)
10.4.2 Molecular Motors
359(1)
10.5 Summary
360(1)
Homework Excercises
360(3)
Recommendations For Further Reading
363(2)
Chapter 11 Nanomedicine 365(18)
11.1 What Is Nanomedicine?
365(1)
11.2 Medical Nanoparticles
366(7)
11.2.1 Nanoshells
367(2)
11.2.2 Lipid-Based Nanoparticles
369(2)
11.2.3 Polymer-Based Nanoparticles And Polymer Therapeutics
371(1)
11.2.4 Nanoparticles For Drug Delivery
372(1)
11.3 Nanomedicine And Cancer
373(2)
11.4 Biomimicry In Nanomedicine
375(4)
11.5 Commercial Exploration
379(1)
11.6 Summary
380(1)
Homework Exercises
380(1)
Reference
381(1)
Recommendations For Further Reading
381(2)
Glossary 383(14)
Index 397
Ben Rogers is a writer and an engineer (BS 2001; MS 2002, University of Nevada, Reno). He has done research at Nanogen, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and published many technical papers, as well as fictional works and essays (which can be found at http://readrogers.com/). He is currently the principal engineer at NevadaNano and lives in Reno with his wife and two daughters. Jesse Adams (BS 1996, University of Nevada; MS 1997 and PhD 2001, Stanford University) is the vice president and CTO of NevadaNano. He is working to bring multifunctional microsensor technology to the chemical sensing market space. Sumita Pennathur is an associate professor of mechanical engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara (BS 2000, MS 2001, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; PhD 2005, Stanford University). She has been actively contributing to the fields of nanofluidics and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and has spent some time at both Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, California, and the University of Twente MESA+ research facility in the Netherlands. When not enveloped in her research work, she can be found either spending time with her husband and two kids or at a local club wailing on her saxophone.
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