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E-raamat: Narratives of Hunger in International Law: Feeding the World in Times of Climate Change

(Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva)
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Narratives of Hunger in International Law: Feeding the World in Times of Climate ChangeSuurem pilt
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This book explores the role that the language of international law plays in constructing understandings - or narratives - of hunger in the context of climate change. The story is told through a specific case study of genetically engineered seeds purportedly made to be 'climate-ready'. Two narratives of hunger run through the storyline: the prevailing neoliberal narrative that focuses on increasing food production and relying on technological innovations and private sector engagement, and the oppositional and aspirational food sovereignty narrative that focuses on improving access to and distribution of food and rejects technological innovations and private sector engagement as the best solutions. This book argues that the way in which voices in the neoliberal narrative use international law reinforces fundamental assumptions about hunger and climate change, and the way in which voices in the food sovereignty narrative use international law fails to question and challenge these assumptions.

This book looks at the problem of hunger in the face of climate change. It addresses the role that international law plays in constructing an understanding of climate change-induced hunger and consequently in devising solutions. It sheds light on the important function of international legal language, for lawyers and non-lawyers alike.

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An examination of how international law fails to challenge fundamental assumptions and address practical issues of hunger and climate change.
Prologue viii
Introduction: Feeding the World in Times of Climate Change 1(14)
1 Climate Change, Hunger, and International Law
1(3)
2 Perspectives on Hunger: Production versus Access
4(4)
3 So-Called Climate-Ready Seeds as a Possible Adaptation Strategy
8(1)
4 The Role of International Law in Feeding the World
9(3)
5 Narratives of Hunger and the Pyramid of Assumptions
12(3)
1 Climate Change, Narratives of Hunger, and International Law
15(42)
1.1 Hunger and Climate Change
16(16)
1.1.1 Hunger in Times of Climate Change
16(5)
1.1.2 Climate-Ready Seeds to Feed the World
21(6)
1.1.3 Understanding Hunger and Climate-Ready Seeds through Food Regime Theory
27(5)
1.2 Narratives of Hunger
32(13)
1.2.1 International Law and Narratives
32(4)
1.2.2 The Neoliberal Narrative of Hunger
36(5)
1.2.3 The Food Sovereignty Narrative of Hunger
41(4)
1.3 International Law, Narratives of Hunger, and the Pyramid of Assumptions
45(12)
1.3.1 International Law Constructing Narratives of Hunger
45(6)
1.3.2 The Relevance of International Law to Food Regime Theory
51(1)
1.3.3 The Pyramid of Assumptions and International Law
52(5)
2 Tackling Hunger through International Climate Change Law
57(27)
2.1 The International Legal Framework on Climate Change
58(5)
2.1.1 The UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement
58(3)
2.1.2 The Scientific Basis of Climate Change Law, from Mitigation to Adaptation
61(2)
2.2 Opening the Door to Climate-Ready Seeds
63(18)
2.2.1 International Climate Change Law and Adaptation in Agriculture: A Question of Yield
64(3)
2.2.2 Technologies and Private-Sector Engagement Are Needed to Increase Production
67(14)
2.3 International Climate Change Law and Narratives of Hunger
81(3)
2.3.1 International Climate Change Law Serves the Neoliberal Narrative of Hunger
82(1)
2.3.2 International Climate Change Law Reinforces the Pyramid of Assumptions
83(1)
3 The Seed Wars and Intellectual Property Rights
84(27)
3.1 Gene Giants and the Neoliberal Narrative that Supports Patent Rights on Seeds
84(12)
3.1.1 The Beginnings of Intellectual Property Protection for Plant Genetic Resources
85(6)
3.1.2 The Neoliberal Narrative: Patents on Climate-Ready Seeds Are Necessary to Feed the World in Times of Climate Change
91(5)
3.2 The Food Sovereignty Narrative That There Should Be No Patents on Seeds
96(11)
3.2.1 Farmers' Rights and Sovereign Rights over Natural Resources as Responses to Corporate Patents
97(5)
3.2.2 The Food Sovereignty Narrative: A Corporate Patent Monopoly on Climate-Ready Seeds Will Not Feed the World in Times of Climate Change
102(5)
3.3 The Struggle over Rights in Narratives of Hunger
107(4)
3.3.1 The Struggle over Rights Leaves Little Space to Question Assumptions
107(1)
3.3.2 Debates over Patent Rights on Climate-Ready Seeds Fail to Question Fundamental Underlying Assumptions
108(3)
4 Human Rights, Climate Change, and the Right to Food
111(25)
4.1 Human Rights and Climate Change, Human Rights and Intellectual Property Rights
111(9)
4.1.1 The Right to Food and Climate Change
112(4)
4.1.2 The Right to Food and Intellectual Property Rights
116(4)
4.2 The Right to Food in Both Narratives of Hunger
120(11)
4.2.1 Achieving Food Sovereignty through the Right to Food
120(7)
4.2.2 The Relevance and Use of the Right to Food in the Neoliberal Narrative of Hunger
127(4)
4.3 The Right to Food and the Failure to Challenge Fundamental Assumptions
131(5)
4.3.1 Human Rights in Both Narratives of Hunger
132(1)
4.3.2 The Right to Food and Falling Short of Challenging the Pyramid of Assumptions
133(3)
5 How International Law Upholds Fundamental Assumptions about Hunger
136(26)
5.1 Areas of International Law Interact to Uphold a Pyramid of Assumptions
136(4)
5.1.1 A Pyramid of Assumptions
137(1)
5.1.2 International Law Upholding Fundamentally Neoliberal Assumptions about Hunger
138(2)
5.2 Shared Assumptions that Underlie the Narratives of Hunger
140(17)
5.2.1 Is Hunger Caused by `Bad Weather' or a `Bad System'?
140(4)
5.2.2 The Malthusian Question of Production
144(4)
5.2.3 The Green Revolution and the Growing Importance of Agricultural (Bio)technologies
148(5)
5.2.4 The Neoliberal Food Regime and the Growing Importance of the Private Sector and Intellectual Property Rights
153(4)
5.3 Towards a New Food Regime?
157(5)
Conclusion: Narratives and International Law
162(1)
1 Narratives of Hunger in International Law
162(5)
2 Questioning Assumptions
167(3)
3 Narratives and International Law beyond Hunger and Climate Change
170(2)
Bibliography 172(21)
Index 193
Anne Saab is an Assistant Professor in International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, as well as Co-Director of the Institute's LL.M. programme. Prior to joining the Graduate Institute, she completed a Ph.D. in International Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2015, an LL.M. from King's College London in 2009, and an LL.B. from Leiden University in 2008. Prior to entering academia, Anne Saab worked as a policy officer and legal counsel at the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and the Foreign Office. Her research interests focus on food, environment, and more recently on emotions and international law.
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