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E-raamat: Nature and Significance of the Recent Carbonate Mound Record: The Mound Challenger Code

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 126
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jun-2009
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642002908
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Nature and Significance of the Recent Carbonate Mound Record: The Mound Challenger CodeSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 126
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jun-2009
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642002908
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Carbonate mounds are an important feature along the European North-Atlantic margins. The presence of giant carbonate mounds in the Porcupine Seabight, on the Porcupine Bank, in the Rockall Trough and on the Rockall Bank, west of Ireland, have been known since the nineties and have been the target of several cruises during the last decade. However, the processes of mound build-up and mound nucleation are not yet completely understood. What keeps a mound growing over extended time periods? How does the biosphere interact with sedimentary fluxes to make a mound grow? On which level do palaeoclimatological and palaeoceanographic changes control mound growth? Which diagenetic processes play an important role in carbonate mound generation and how do they affect the mound?



The present study focuses on the nature and significance of the carbonate mound record, and the nature and internal structure of one specific carbonate mound, the Challenger Mound, is described in detail and compared with other mounds from the Irish margin and also with those from the Moroccan margin. The variety of mound characteristics are discussed, along with the associated oceanographic and geological settings and an appropriate classification for recent carbonate mound systems and cold-water coral reefs is presented. Video imagery through Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) surveys, provide images of the surface of different carbonate mounds to highlight morphological characteristics of the mounds.



The role of recent carbonate mounds, such as Challenger Mound, in the global carbonate budget is discussed along with inferences on how recent carbonate mounds can be seen as analogues of ancient mud mound systems.
1 Of Mounds and Cold-Water Corals
1(12)
1.1 Recent Carbonate Mounds
2(6)
1.1.1 From Ancient Mud Mounds to Recent Carbonate Mounds
2(2)
1.1.2 Occurrence and Distribution of Recent Carbonate Mounds
4(4)
1.2 Cold-Water Corals
8(3)
1.3 Aim of the Study
11(2)
2 Challenger Mound: A Case Study
13(32)
2.1 Site Survey
15(18)
2.1.1 Geological Evolution of Porcupine Basin
15(11)
2.1.2 Geomorphology of the Belgica Mound Province
26(4)
2.1.3 Oceanographic Template
30(3)
2.2 Drilling Challenger Mound (Site U1317)
33(6)
2.3 Drilling the Off-Mound Regions
39(4)
2.3.1 Site U1316
39(4)
2.3.2 Site U1318
43(1)
2.4 Summary
43(2)
3 Imaging
45(34)
3.1 Methodology
46(3)
3.1.1 Shipboard Measurements
46(1)
3.1.2 Shore Based Measurements: X-ray Computed Tomography
47(2)
3.2 Cyclic Record of the Carbonate Mound
49(8)
3.2.1 Spectral Colour Reflectance
50(4)
3.2.2 What's in the Matrix?
54(3)
3.3 Cold-Water Corals: The Framework Builders
57(8)
3.3.1 Quantification of Coral Fragments
57(4)
3.3.2 Dissolution and Fragmentation of Coral Fragments
61(4)
3.4 Porosity Analysis in Recent Carbonate Mounds
65(4)
3.5 Imaging the Off-Mound Records
69(4)
3.5.1 Site U1316
69(2)
3.5.2 Site U1318
71(2)
3.6 Discussion
73(3)
3.6.1 Western Ireland as Source for Terrigenous Material?
73(1)
3.6.2 Justification of the Name "Carbonate Mound"
74(2)
3.7 Summary
76(3)
4 Geophysical and Geochemical Core Logging
79(42)
4.1 Methodology
80(5)
4.1.1 Geophysical Logging
80(4)
4.1.2 Geochemical Logging
84(1)
4.2 Geophysical Records
85(8)
4.2.1 Cyclic Record
85(6)
4.2.2 Interpretation and Correlation
91(2)
4.3 Geochemical Records
93(5)
4.3.1 Cyclic Record
93(4)
4.3.2 Relationship with Physical Properties
97(1)
4.4 Logging the Off-Mound Records
98(11)
4.4.1 Site U1316
98(6)
4.4.2 Site U1318
104(5)
4.5 Discussion
109(10)
4.5.1 Cyclic Record: Revealing Glacial-Interglacial Variations?
109(2)
4.5.2 Early Diagenesis in the Mound Record
111(6)
4.5.3 Depositional Processes in the Off-Mound Records
117(2)
4.6 Summary
119(2)
5 Magnetic Record of a Carbonate Mound
121(46)
5.1 Methodology
122(4)
5.1.1 Shipboard Magnetic Measurements
122(1)
5.1.2 Shore Based Magnetic Measurements
123(3)
5.2 Magnetostratigraphy
126(10)
5.2.1 Magnetostratigraphic Framework
126(5)
5.2.2 Palaeointensity
131(4)
5.2.3 Sedimentation Rates
135(1)
5.3 Environmental Magnetism
136(12)
5.3.1 Magnetic Susceptibility
136(5)
5.3.2 Anisotropy in Magnetic Susceptibility
141(3)
5.3.3 Time Series Analysis
144(4)
5.4 Magnetostratigraphy in the Off-Mound Regions
148(10)
5.4.1 Site U1316
148(5)
5.4.2 Site U1318
153(5)
5.5 Discussion
158(8)
5.5.1 Pre-mound Phase
158(4)
5.5.2 Mound Initiation
162(2)
5.5.3 Mound Evolution
164(1)
5.5.4 Mound Decline
164(2)
5.6 Summary
166(1)
6 The Top of the Record: On-Mound and Off-Mound
167(26)
6.1 Material and Methodology
167(5)
6.2 Off-Mound Records
172(7)
6.2.1 MD01-2450: SW Flank of Challenger Mound
173(4)
6.2.2 MD01-2452: Magellan Mound Province
177(2)
6.3 On-Mound Records
179(7)
6.3.1 MD01-2451G: Top of Challenger Mound
180(4)
6.3.2 MD01-2459G: Top of Mound Perseverance
184(2)
6.4 Discussion
186(5)
6.4.1 Off-Mound Records and Palaeoenvironmental Changes
186(3)
6.4.2 On-Mound Records: Revealing Episodes of Coral Growth?
189(2)
6.5 Summary
191(2)
7 Surface Processes
193(32)
7.1 Material and Methodology
194(3)
7.2 Moira Mounds
197(11)
7.2.1 What are the "Moira Mounds"?
197(3)
7.2.2 Micro-Bathymetric Mapping
200(8)
7.3 ROV-Imagery: New Ways of Looking to the Surface
208(11)
7.3.1 Sedimentary Facies Distribution and Faunal Presence
208(5)
7.3.2 Video Mosaicing: A Quantitative Approach
213(6)
7.4 Discussion
219(5)
7.4.1 Moira Mounds: A Form of Stressed Coral Growth?
219(4)
7.4.2 "Dead" Mounds Next to "Live" Mounds?
223(1)
7.5 Summary
224(1)
8 Carbonate Mounds in the Gulf of Cadiz
225(32)
8.1 General Setting
225(7)
8.1.1 Geological Setting
225(3)
8.1.2 Oceanographic Setting
228(3)
8.1.3 Palaeoenvironmental Setting
231(1)
8.2 Material and Methodology
232(1)
8.3 Data Description and Interpretation
233(16)
8.3.1 Pen Duick Mound Province
233(8)
8.3.2 Renard Mound Province
241(4)
8.3.3 Vernadsky Mound Province
245(3)
8.3.4 Al Idrisi Mound Province
248(1)
8.4 Discussion
249(5)
8.4.1 Initiation of Cold-Water Coral Growth (or Settlement)
249(1)
8.4.2 Extinction of Cold-Water Corals
250(1)
8.4.3 Cold-Water Coral Dissolution and Carbonate Precipitation
251(2)
8.4.4 Model for the Development of Carbonate Mounds
253(1)
8.5 Summary
254(3)
9 Conclusions and Outlook
257(10)
9.1 Conclusions
257(7)
9.1.1 Findings and Statements
257(3)
9.1.2 Controversy
260(4)
9.2 A Look Ahead
264(3)
References 267(26)
Index 293
Dr. Anneleen Foubert



- MSc degree in geology, option marine geology (greatest distinction) at Ghent University (Belgium, 2002).















Laureate Award Prof. Valère Billiet and Geologica Belgica Award for best MSc thesis (Belgium, 2002).













PhD grant FWO-Flanders on cold-water coral reefs and carbonate mounds along the European Continental margins (2003-2007).













Participation in numerous scientific campaigns from the Norwegian margins to the North-African margins. Major responsibility in the preparation of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Leg 307 "Modern Carbonate Mounds: Porcupine Drilling" aboard the R/V Joides Resolution.













Active in stimulating educational activities to bring science into classrooms (such as class@poles, class@oceans).













PhD degree of Doctor in Geology "Nature and Significance of the Carbonate Mound Record" (May, 2007)













Carbonate sedimentologist at the CSTJF (Technical and Scientific Centre Jean Feger) from TOTAL S.A. in Pau, France (Geoscience Technologies, Dept. of Structural Geology, Sedimentology and Geology Laboratory, Carbonate Sedimentology Group) (2007 - 2008)













Post-doctoral lecture position at the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences of the K.U. Leuven in Belgium (emphasis on diagenesis and petrophysical characteristics of mound/reef systems and dolomites) (from October 2008 on).



Prof. Dr. Jean-Pierre Henriet



- Graduated as Magister in applied geophysics at Aarhus University (Denmark,1970) and as PhD in geology (1974) at Ghent University, Belgium.



- Founder of marine geology and geophysics at Ghent University (1976).



- Professor in marine geology and geophysics, director of the Renard Centre of Marine Geology (RCMG).



- Founder of the Erasmus Network Mercator in marine geology (1987).



-Director of the Département Géosciences Marines of IFREMER in Brest (1990-1995).



- President of the European Association of Exploration Geophysicists (1991).





- Founder and first Chairman of the EAGE-PACE Foundation (1993-1995).



- Vice-President of the Société Géologique de France (2007).



- Member of the Royal Academy for Science and the Arts of Belgium, Class of Natural Sciences.



- Pioneered Modern mound Research: discovery of major carbonate mound provinces in Porcupine Seabight 1997 (Nature 1998), first EC-sponsored international conference on carbonate mounds in Ghent 1998. Co-ordinator of projects on carbonate mound research at the EC (GEOMOUND), ESF (EUROCORES EuroDiversity project, MiCROSYSTEMS) and national levels (GeNesis), and partner in a few more. Lead Scientist of IODP proposal 573 (Challenger Mound Drilling) and first Co-Chief Scientist in the preparatory phase of IODP Exp. 307 (January-April 2005). Lead Scientist of IODP proposal 673 (Morocco Mound Drilling). Promotor/co-promotor of 10 PhDs related to modern carbonate mound research at Ghent University.



 
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