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E-raamat: Navigating Ethnicity: Segregation, Placemaking, and Difference

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This important book provides a novel perspective on ethnicity, nationality, and race by considering how they are shaped by their geography. Exploring the complicated terrain of ethnicity through an expansive global perspective, David H. Kaplan traces the spatial arrangements that convey such potent meaning to the identity and opportunities of members of any cultural group. With examples from around the world, the author considers the most important aspects of ethnicityfrom segregation to place making to multiculturalism, culture regions, diasporas, and transnationalism. He frames ethnicity as a contingent phenomenon, showing how context and place determine the position, definitions, behaviors, and attitudes toward and by members of an ethnic group. Drawing on an impressive depth of historical and empirical detail, Kaplans analysis of the critical role of ethnicity in everyday geographies makes a major contribution to the field.

Arvustused

Geography professor Kaplan (Kent State Univ.) seeks to extend understanding of ethnicity through the heretofore largely ignored lens of geography and space. He begins by tracing the evolution of the conceptualization of ethnicity, noting seminal contributions from sociology, anthropology, psychology, history, and political science, among other disciplines. However, he is particularly interested in examining how ethnicity plays out on the ground. Kaplan comprehensively explores spatial boundaries between groups, taking into account geographical context and its intersection with such factors as class, gender, and age. He also addresses motives for (and causes of) ethnic segregation, be it externally driven from intergroup exploitation and conflict, or internally rooted in voluntary seclusion. Acknowledging the segregation that exists, the author presents comprehensive research on both the negative and positive consequences of ethnic concentration, leaving it to readers to ultimately decide if such segregation is functional or dysfunctional for society. Finally, Kaplan envisions the future of ethnicity, taking into account the latent consequences of contemporary social forces including transnationalism, urbanization, and globalization. Overall, a well-researched and unique contribution in the ever-salient field of ethnicity and ethnic relations. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Graduate students/faculty/professionals. * CHOICE * David Kaplan has put together a rich, well-organized manuscript. Having published extensively in the areas of urban and social/cultural geography, he brings in-depth knowledge to the challenges facing immigrants as well as their ethnic imprint on our increasingly culturally diverse cities. This manuscript fills major gaps in the literature and adds another layer of understanding to the deep but complex forces (demographic, social, cultural, economic, and political) shaping global multicultural cities. Not only does Kaplan achieve his primary objectives and clearly answer his research questions but he does so in a remarkable way, delivering an innovative, well-organized book of interest to academics and non-academics alike. The chapters are full of useful information and are highly readable. I hope that Kaplans timely, well-written book will encourage further comparative research on ethnic groups around the world. * Journal of Urban Affairs * Navigating Ethnicity is a thought-provoking and important contribution that tackles the extremely complicated terrain of ethnicity using a global perspective. The author does an exemplary job exploring the frustrating richness of ethnicity (p. 18). Worthy of note is that the author promises to do this across the world (p. 19), and, indeed, he does bring up dozens of examples of how ethnicity is manifested in multiple and different contexts. This is the most valuable element of the book, as the reader learns how the concept of ethnicity shifts across borders and between and within places. The overall conclusion from reviewers is that the book is excellent in explaining key concepts and providing informative examples of how ethnicity plays a role in everyday geographies. * AAG Review of Books * Offering a superbly researched tour de force on ethnic groups around the world, David Kaplan addresses the major topics of this subject in clear language that gives access to students without talking down to advanced readers. He addresses advantaged and disadvantaged ethnic communities, modes of immigrant insertion, ethnic business, neighborhood formation, common measurement methods, clustered and dispersed groups, diasporas, hybrids, and transnationals, pulling it all together with illustrations from around the globe. The book will be widely read and find a place on the bookshelf of every scholar who takes an interest in this topic. -- Ivan Light, University of California, Los Angeles Centering around the discussions of ethnicity and its spatial manifestation in different parts of the world, David Kaplans cogent book offers a comprehensive geographical overview across space and over time. Its contextualization of ethnic identity encompasses the tremendous complexity of contemporary urban ethnicity. It is an excellent addition to the existing literature as both a textbook and a scholarly reference. -- Wei Li, University of Arizona Navigating Ethnicity is a monumental achievement that explores the origins of ethnicity in its many forms around the globe. Using both historical and contemporary examples, David Kaplan makes a compelling case that ethnicity and multiculturalism are shaped by geographyfrom nation-states to cities to neighborhoods. He systematically illustrates how ethnicity and geography are inextricably linked in ways that create and reinforce social boundaries and status hierarchies among peoples. -- Daniel T. Lichter, Cornell University

Preface xi
1 Something about Ethnicity
1(20)
Explorations of Ethnicity One Hundred Years Back
3(3)
Contemporary Views of Ethnicity
6(1)
The Many Flavors of "Ethnicity"
7(5)
What Are the Criteria?
12(2)
How Did Ethnic Groups Originate?
14(2)
Spatial and Placemaking Manifestation of Ethnicity
16(2)
Articulating Ethnicity: Toward a Plan for This Book
18(3)
2 Diversity in Urban History
21(22)
The Intrinsic Diversity of Urban Life
22(2)
The First Imperial Cities
24(4)
How Trading Affected Diversity
28(2)
How Inequality Created Ethnicity
30(3)
Castes and Ethnicity
30(1)
Slavery and Ethnicity
31(2)
European Colonization and Diversity
33(6)
Industrialization and Diversity
39(2)
What History Teaches Us about Ethnicity
41(2)
3 Contextualizing Ethnicity
43(22)
Themes in Ethnic Incorporation
44(4)
Modes of Incorporation
48(14)
Assimilation and the Melting Pot
52(1)
Citadels
53(1)
Middleman Minorities
54(2)
Ghettoization
56(2)
Pillared Societies
58(2)
The Pluralist Model
60(2)
National Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Ethnonationalism
62(3)
4 Fashioning Spatial Concentration
65(14)
Social Distance and Spatial Distance
66(2)
Imposing Segregation
68(5)
Choosing Segregation
73(3)
Constraining Choice
76(2)
Why Segregation?
78(1)
5 Measuring and Modeling Spatial Segregation
79(14)
Universal Measures of Segregation
80(2)
Enhancing Segregation Measures
82(2)
Locally Sensitive Measures of Segregation
84(3)
Threshold Analysis
87(1)
Urban and Factorial Ecology
88(3)
How to Calculate and Model Segregation
91(2)
6 Ethnic Culture Regions and Placemaking
93(22)
Defining Culture Regions
94(4)
Ethnic Placemaking
98(4)
Constructing and Consuming Ethnic Spaces
102(5)
Ethnic Tourism
102(3)
Ethnic Festivals
105(1)
Ethnic Theming
106(1)
Contesting Placemaking
107(2)
Placemaking under the Radar
109(3)
Making Ethnic Places
112(3)
7 Ethnic Spaces Created from Exploitation and Conflict
115(14)
Economic Interdependence and Ethnic Spaces
116(3)
Beleaguered Spaces
119(3)
Microsegregation in Activity Spaces
122(2)
Politically Divided Spaces
124(3)
Embattled Ethnicity
127(2)
8 Positive Consequences of Concentration
129(14)
Considering the Consequences
130(1)
Cultural and Symbolic Ramifications
131(3)
Emotional Value of Concentration
134(2)
Economic Value of Concentration
136(3)
Political Empowerment
139(2)
Accentuating the Positive
141(2)
9 Negative Consequences of Concentration
143(14)
Consider the Consequences
144(1)
Concentration, Physical Deprivation, and Violence
145(3)
Segregation and Economic Disadvantage
148(3)
Concentration and Education
151(3)
The Psychological Perils of Segregation
154(2)
Blurring the Lines
156(1)
10 Multiculturalism and the Spatial Configuration of Ethnic Groups in the City
157(14)
What Multiculturalism Means
159(3)
Multicultural Strategies
162(3)
Aspects of Multiculturalism
165(3)
Multicultural Incorporation
168(1)
Multiculturalism and Ethnic Imprints
169(2)
11 Distances and Diasporas
171(14)
Defining Diaspora
172(3)
The Jewish Experience
175(3)
The Chinese Diaspora
178(1)
More Complex Diasporas: South Asians Abroad
179(3)
Digital Diasporas
182(2)
Diagnosing Diasporas
184(1)
12 Transnationalism and Hybridity
185(16)
Defining Transnationalism
186(2)
Neighborhood Transnationalism
188(3)
Ethnicity and Hybridity
191(1)
Hybridity within the Social Order
192(3)
Hybridity and the Blending of Culture
195(1)
Hybridity and Code-switching
196(3)
Ethnicity Regenerated
199(2)
13 Envisioning the Future
201(8)
Forces Driving Ethnicity Today
202(3)
The Future of the Geography of Ethnicity
205(4)
References 209(26)
Index 235(8)
About the Author 243
David H. Kaplan is professor of geography at Kent State University. He has published over a dozen books, including Urban Geography, Nested Identities, and Landscapes of the Ethnic Economy.