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E-raamat: Necropsy Guide for Dogs, Cats, and Small Mammals

Edited by (Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA), Edited by (Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119115670
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Necropsy Guide for Dogs, Cats, and Small MammalsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119115670
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Necropsy Guide for Dogs, Cats, and Small Mammals is a complete, practical resource for performing necropsies on dogs, cats, rabbits, rodents, and ferrets in the veterinary clinic, animal shelter, research laboratory, or in the field.
  • Provides practical guidance on all aspects of performing an necropsy on dogs, cats, and small mammals and interpreting the results
  • Presents more than 200 full-color images to demonstrate techniques and findings
  • Offers step-by-step instructions for the necropsy process and collecting samples
  • Includes an anatomy review, discussion of dissection techniques, and list of common artifacts and post-mortem changes for each organ system
  • Supports veterinarians in performing a necropsy in any setting, including animal shelters, veterinary clinics, research laboratories, and in the field
List of Contributors xv
Foreword xvii
Acknowledgments xix
About the Companion Website xxi
Part I Necropsy Fundamentals 1(38)
1 Introduction to the Necropsy
3(6)
Sean P. McDonough
Teresa Southard
1.1 What is a Necropsy?
3(1)
1.2 Why do a Necropsy?
3(1)
1.3 What Information Can and Cannot Be Gained from a Necropsy
3(1)
1.4 When to Refer a Necropsy
4(5)
2 Necropsy Basics
9(12)
Sean P. McDonough
Teresa Southard
2.1 Necropsy Facilities
9(1)
2.2 Necropsy Equipment
9(4)
2.3 Safety Considerations
13(2)
2.3.1 Cuts and Punctures
14(1)
2.3.2 Zoonotic Disease
14(1)
2.3.3 Formalin
15(1)
2.4 The Importance of a Good History
15(1)
2.5 The Necropsy Report
15(1)
2.5.1 Gross Description
15(1)
2.5.2 Gross Findings
16(1)
2.5.3 Gross Diagnosis
16(1)
2.5.4 Comment
16(1)
2.6 Postmortem Changes
16(5)
3 The Necropsy Procedure
21(18)
Sean P. McDonough
Teresa Southard
3.1 Introduction
21(1)
3.2 Weigh the Body
21(1)
3.3 External Examination
21(1)
3.4 Reflect the Skin and Right Limbs
22(4)
3.5 Open the Abdominal Cavity
26(1)
3.6 Puncture the Diaphragm
27(1)
3.7 Open the Thoracic Cavity
27(1)
3.8 Open the Pericardium
28(1)
3.9 In Situ Examination of Organs
29(1)
3.10 Remove the Adrenal Glands
30(1)
3.11 Remove the Pluck
30(2)
3.12 Remove the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Spleen
32(2)
3.13 Remove the Urogenital Organs
34(1)
3.14 Remove the Head
35(1)
3.15 Take Out the Eyes
35(1)
3.16 Remove the Brain
36(1)
3.17 Remove the Pituitary Gland
37(1)
Bibliography
37(2)
Part II Organ Systems 39(104)
4 The Integumentary System
41(8)
Jeanine Peters-Kennedy
4.1 Anatomy Review
41(1)
4.1.1 External Ear Canal Anatomy
42(1)
4.2 In Situ Examination and Removal
42(2)
4.2.1 Primary Lesions
42(1)
4.2.2 Lesions that May Be Primary or Secondary
43(1)
4.2.3 Secondary Skin Lesions
43(1)
4.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
44(2)
4.3.1 Cytology
44(1)
4.3.2 Skin Scrapes
44(1)
4.3.3 Hair Examination (Trichogram)
44(1)
4.3.4 Examination of the External Ear Canal
44(1)
4.3.5 Sampling the Skin
45(1)
4.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
46(1)
Bibliography
46(3)
5 The Musculoskeletal System
49(10)
Teresa Southard
5.1 Anatomy Review
49(3)
5.1.1 Bones and Joints
49(2)
5.1.2 Teeth
51(1)
5.1.3 Skeletal Muscle
52(1)
5.2 In Situ Evaluation, Sectioning, and Fixation
52(3)
5.2.1 Bones
52(2)
5.2.2 Joints, Tendons, and Ligaments
54(1)
5.2.3 Skeletal Muscle
55(1)
5.3 Special Techniques
55(1)
5.3.1 Postmortem Imaging
55(1)
5.3.2 Cleaning Bones
56(1)
5.3.3 India Ink Evaluation of Articular Cartilage
56(1)
5.3.4 Examining the Intervertebral Discs
56(1)
5.3.5 Submitting Muscle for Additional Tests
56(1)
5.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
56(1)
Bibliography
57(2)
6 The Cardiovascular System
59(10)
Kathleen M. Kelly
6.1 Anatomy Review
59(4)
6.1.1 Right Heart
59(1)
6.1.2 Left Heart
60(1)
6.1.3 Vessels: Great and Small
60(2)
6.1.4 Contextual Cardiac Embryology and Congenital Heart Malformations
62(1)
6.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
63(1)
6.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
64(2)
6.4 Common Artifacts, Non-lesions, and Postmortem Changes
66(2)
Bibliography
68(1)
7 The Respiratory System
69(8)
Elizabeth L. Buckles
Teresa Southard
7.1 Anatomy Review
69(2)
7.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
71(1)
7.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
72(2)
7.3.1 Larynx and Trachea
72(1)
7.3.2 Lungs
73(1)
7.3.3 Nasal Cavity and Sinuses
74(1)
7.4 Special Techniques
74(1)
7.5 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
75(1)
Bibliography
75(2)
8 The Alimentary System
77(14)
Gerald E. Duhamel
8.1 Anatomy Review
77(5)
8.1.1 The Oropharyngeal Cavity
77(1)
8.1.2 The Salivary Glands
78(1)
8.1.3 The Esophagus
78(1)
8.1.4 The Stomach
79(1)
8.1.5 The Small Intestine
79(2)
8.1.6 The Large Intestine
81(1)
8.1.7 The Intestinal Vasculature and Nervous System
82(1)
8.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
82(3)
8.2.1 The Esophagus
83(1)
8.2.2 The Gastrointestinal Tract
83(2)
8.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
85(2)
8.3.1 Gastrointestinal Tract
85(2)
8.4 Special Techniques
87(1)
8.5 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
88(1)
Bibliography
89(2)
9 The Liver and Pancreas
91(10)
Sean P. McDonough
9.1 Anatomy Review
91(3)
9.1.1 The Liver
91(2)
9.1.2 The Pancreas
93(1)
9.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
94(2)
9.2.1 The Liver
94(2)
9.2.2 The Pancreas
96(1)
9.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
96(2)
9.3.1 The Liver
96(2)
9.3.2 The Pancreas
98(1)
9.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
98(1)
9.4.1 The Liver
98(1)
9.4.2 The Pancreas
99(1)
Bibliography
99(2)
10 The Urogenital System
101(6)
Teresa Southard
10.1 Anatomy Review
101(2)
10.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
103(1)
10.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
103(3)
10.3.1 Kidneys
103(1)
10.3.2 Ureters
104(1)
10.3.3 Bladder and Urethra
104(1)
10.3.4 Ovaries
105(1)
10.3.5 Oviduct/Uterus/Cervix/Vagina
105(1)
10.3.6 Testes/Epididymides/Ductus Deferens
105(1)
10.3.7 Prostate Gland
105(1)
10.3.8 Bulbourethral Gland (Cats Only)
106(1)
10.3.9 Distal Colon/Rectum/Anus
106(1)
10.4 Special Techniques
106(1)
10.5 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
106(1)
Bibliography
106(1)
11 The Nervous System
107(8)
Andrew D. Miller
11.1 Anatomy Review
107(1)
11.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
108(2)
11.2.1 Brain
108(1)
11.2.2 Spinal Cord
109(1)
11.2.3 Peripheral Nerves
110(1)
11.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
110(2)
11.3.1 Brain
110(2)
11.3.2 Spinal Cord
112(1)
11.3.3 Nerves
112(1)
11.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
112(1)
Bibliography
113(2)
12 The Eye and Ear
115(10)
Sean P. McDonough
12.1 The Eye
115(4)
12.1.1 Anatomy Review
115(1)
12.1.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
115(2)
12.1.3 Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
117(2)
12.2 The Ear
119(4)
12.2.1 Anatomy Review
119(3)
12.2.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
122(1)
12.2.3 Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
122(1)
Bibliography
123(2)
13 The Endocrine System
125(8)
Sean P. McDonough
13.1 Anatomy Review
125(2)
13.1.1 The Pituitary Gland
125(1)
13.1.2 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
125(1)
13.1.3 The Endocrine Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
126(1)
13.1.4 The Adrenal Glands
126(1)
13.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
127(3)
13.2.1 The Pituitary Gland
127(1)
13.2.2 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
128(1)
13.2.3 The Endocrine Pancreas
129(1)
13.2.4 The Adrenal Glands
130(1)
13.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
130(2)
13.3.1 The Pituitary Gland
130(1)
13.3.2 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
131(1)
13.3.3 The Endocrine Pancreas
131(1)
13.3.4 The Adrenal Glands
131(1)
13.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
132(1)
14 The Lymphoreticular System
133(10)
Sean P. McDonough
14.1 Anatomy Review
133(2)
14.1.1 Thymus
133(1)
14.1.2 Lymph Nodes
133(1)
14.1.3 Spleen
133(2)
14.1.4 Bone Marrow
135(1)
14.2 In Situ Evaluation and Removal
135(3)
14.2.1 Thymus
135(1)
14.2.2 Lymph Nodes
136(1)
14.2.3 Spleen
136(2)
14.2.4 Bone Marrow
138(1)
14.3 Organ Examination, Sectioning, and Fixation
138(3)
14.3.1 Thymus
138(1)
14.3.2 Lymph Nodes
138(2)
14.3.3 Spleen
140(1)
14.3.4 Bone Marrow
140(1)
14.4 Incidental Findings
141(2)
Part III Special Cases 143(14)
15 Small Mammal Necropsies
145(8)
Teresa Southard
15.1 Species Differences
145(1)
15.2 Necropsy Technique
145(6)
Bibliography
151(2)
16 Fetuses and Neonatal Animals
153(4)
Teresa Southard
16.1 Anatomy
153(1)
16.1.1 Placenta
153(1)
16.1.2 Umbilical Cord
153(1)
16.1.3 Fetal Circulation
153(1)
16.2 Necropsy Technique
154(2)
16.3 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes
156(1)
Part IV Additional Testing 157(26)
17 Cytology
159(6)
Teresa Southard
17.1 Types of Cytology Preparations
159(1)
17.2 Making a Touch Imprint
159(1)
17.3 Making a Bone Marrow Smear
159(1)
17.4 Other Preparations
160(1)
17.5 Staining
160(1)
17.6 Atlas of Normal Tissues
161(4)
18 Histopathology
165(6)
Sean P. McDonough
Teresa Southard
18.1 Necropsy Samples for Histopathology
165(1)
18.2 Fixation
165(3)
18.3 Practical Guidelines to Optimize Fixation
168(3)
19 Infectious Disease Testing
171(4)
Teresa Southard
19.1 Test Types
171(1)
19.2 Aerobic Culture
171(2)
19.3 Anaerobic Culture
173(1)
19.4 Fungal Culture
173(1)
19.5 Fluorescent Antibody Tests
174(1)
19.6 PCR
174(1)
19.7 ELISA
174(1)
19.8 Virus Isolation
174(1)
19.9 Qualitative Fecal
174(1)
19.10 Immunohistochemistry
174(1)
20 Toxicology Testing
175(4)
Teresa Southard
Bibliography
175(4)
21 Packaging and Shipping Samples
179(4)
Sean P. McDonough
21.1 Packing Samples to Send to the Lab
180(1)
Bibliography
180(3)
Appendix 1: Normal Organ Weights (Percentage Body Weight) 183(4)
Appendix 2: North American Diagnostic Laboratories 187(6)
Appendix 3: Tissue Collection Checklist 193(2)
Appendix 4: Describing Gross Lesions 195(2)
Index 197
Sean P. McDonough, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, is an Associate Professor at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine in Ithaca, New York, USA.

Teresa Southard, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, is an Assistant Clinical Professor at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine in Ithaca, New York, USA.
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