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E-raamat: Nematode Diseases of Crops and their Management

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Nematode Diseases of Crops and their ManagementSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2021
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811632426
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This edited book provides knowledge about hemicelluloses biorefinery approaching production life cycle, circular economy, and valorization by obtaining value-added bioproducts and bioenergy. A special focus is dedicated to chemical and biochemical compounds produced from the hemicelluloses derivatives platform. Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides located into plant cell wall, with diverse chemical structures and properties. It is the second most spread organic polymer on nature and found in vast lignocellulosic materials from agro and industrial wastes, therefore, hemicelluloses are considered as abundant and renewable raw material/feedstock. Biorefinery concept contributes to hemicelluloses production associated with biomass industrial processes. Hemicelluloses are alternative sources of sugars for renewable fuels and as platform for chemicals production. This book reviews chemical processes for sugar production and degradation, obtaining of intermediate and final products, and challenges for pentose fermentation. Aspects of hemicelluloses chain chemical and enzymatic modifications are presented with focus on physicochemical properties improvement for bioplastic and biomaterial approaches. Hemicelluloses are presented as sources for advanced materials in biomedical and pharmaceutical uses, and as hydrogel for chemical and medicine deliveries. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to cover all the processes involving hemicelluloses, its conversion into final and intermediate value-added compounds, and bioenergy production. Covering this context, this book is of interest to teachers, students, researchers, and scientists dedicated to biomass valorization. This book is a knowledge source of basic aspects to advanced processing and application for graduate students, particularly. Besides, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate students (from different courses) with a deep interest in biomass and waste conversion, valorization, and chemical products from hemicelluloses.

Part I Introduction
1 Nematode Diseases of Crop Plants: An Overview
3(32)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Historical Importance
4(2)
1.2.1 International Scenario
4(2)
1.2.2 Indian Scenario
6(1)
1.3 Economic Importance
6(2)
1.3.1 International Scenario
6(2)
1.3.2 Indian Scenario
8(1)
1.4 Emerging Nematode Problems
8(8)
1.4.1 Root-Knot and Foliar Nematodes on Rice
11(1)
1.4.2 Root-Knot Nematode on Groundnut
11(1)
1.4.3 Root-Knot Nematode on Acid Lime
11(3)
1.4.4 Root-Knot Nematode on Pomegranate
14(1)
1.4.5 Root-Knot Nematode on Guava
14(1)
1.4.6 Root-Knot Nematode on Mulberry
15(1)
1.4.7 Cyst Nematodes on Potato
15(1)
1.4.8 Floral Malady on Tuberose
15(1)
1.4.9 Nematode Problems on Polyhouse Crops
15(1)
1.5 Interaction with Other Pathogens
16(1)
1.5.1 Fungi
16(1)
1.5.2 Bacteria
16(1)
1.5.3 Viruses
17(1)
1.6 Nematode Management
17(10)
1.6.1 Regulatory Methods
18(1)
1.6.2 Physical Methods
18(2)
1.6.3 Cultural Methods
20(2)
1.6.4 Chemical Methods
22(1)
1.6.5 Host Resistance
23(1)
1.6.6 Biological Methods
24(1)
1.6.7 Integrated Nematode Management
25(1)
1.6.8 Biointensive Integrated Nematode Management
25(2)
1.7 Conclusion
27(8)
References
28(7)
Part II Cereal Crops
2 Cereal Crops
35(32)
2.1 Rice, Oryza sativa
35(13)
2.1.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola
35(5)
2.1.2 White Tip Nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi
40(2)
2.1.3 Rice Stem Nematode, Ditylenchus angustus
42(2)
2.1.4 Rice Root Nematodes, Hirschmanniella spp
44(2)
2.1.5 Cyst Nematode, Heterodera oryzicola
46(2)
2.2 Wheat, Triticum spp. and Barley, Hordeum vulgare
48(6)
2.2.1 Cereal Cyst Nematode, Heterodera avenae
48(3)
2.2.2 Seed Gall Nematode, Anguina tritici
51(3)
2.3 Maize, Zea mays
54(3)
2.3.1 Cyst Nematode, Heterodera zeae
54(2)
2.3.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
56(1)
2.3.3 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus zeae
57(1)
2.4 Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor
57(3)
2.4.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
57(1)
2.4.2 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus
58(1)
2.4.3 Cyst Nematode, Heterodera sorghi
59(1)
2.5 Conclusion
60(7)
References
61(6)
Part III Pulse and Oil Seed Crops
3 Pulse Crops
67(30)
3.1 Chickpea, Cicer arietinum
67(7)
3.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
68(3)
3.1.2 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus thornei
71(2)
3.1.3 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
73(1)
3.2 Pigeon Pea, Cajanus cajan
74(11)
3.2.1 Cyst Nematode, Heterodera cajani
74(5)
3.2.2 Interaction of Cyst Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
79(1)
3.2.3 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
80(2)
3.2.4 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
82(1)
3.2.5 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
83(2)
3.3 Green Gram, Vigna radiata
85(3)
3.3.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
85(2)
3.3.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
87(1)
3.3.3 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
87(1)
3.4 Black Gram, Vigna mungo
88(2)
3.4.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
88(2)
3.4.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
90(1)
3.5 Conclusion
90(7)
References
91(6)
4 Oilseed Crops
97(20)
4.1 Groundnut, Arachis hypogea
97(7)
4.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica
97(5)
4.1.2 Stunt Nematode, Tylenchorhynchus brevilineatus
102(2)
4.2 Castor, Ricinus communis
104(3)
4.2.1 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
104(3)
4.3 Soybean, Glycine max
107(4)
4.3.1 Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines
107(2)
4.3.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
109(2)
4.4 Sunflower, Helianthus annuus
111(1)
4.4.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
111(1)
4.5 Conclusion
112(5)
References
113(4)
Part IV Fiber and Sugar Crops
5 Fiber Crops
117(16)
5.1 Cotton, Gossypium spp
117(9)
5.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
117(4)
5.1.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
121(5)
5.2 Jute, Corchorus spp
126(5)
5.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
126(2)
5.2.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Bacterial Wilt
128(2)
5.2.3 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Root Rot
130(1)
5.3 Conclusion
131(2)
References
131(2)
6 Sugar Crops
133(14)
6.1 Sugar Beet, Beta vulgaris
133(6)
6.1.1 Cyst Nematode, Heterodera schachtii
133(4)
6.1.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
137(2)
6.2 Sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum
139(4)
6.2.1 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus zeae
139(1)
6.2.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
140(1)
6.2.3 Lance Nematode, Hoplolaimus indicus
141(1)
6.2.4 Stunt Nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi, T. nudus
142(1)
6.2.5 Spiral Nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. indicus
142(1)
6.3 Conclusion
143(4)
References
143(4)
Part V Fruit Crops
7 Tropical Fruit Crops
147(42)
7.1 Banana, Musa spp
147(17)
7.1.1 Burrowing Nematode, Radopholus similis
147(8)
7.1.2 Interaction of Burrowing Nematode with Panama Wilt
155(2)
7.1.3 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae
157(2)
7.1.4 Spiral Nematode, Helicotylenchus multicinctus
159(2)
7.1.5 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
161(3)
7.2 Citrus, Citrus spp
164(8)
7.2.1 Citrus Nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans
165(5)
7.2.2 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne indica
170(2)
7.3 Papaya, Carica papaya
172(4)
7.3.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
172(3)
7.3.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
175(1)
7.3.3 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
175(1)
7.4 Pineapple, Ananas comosus
176(4)
7.4.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
177(2)
7.4.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
179(1)
7.5 Mulberry, Morus rubra
180(3)
7.5.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
180(3)
7.6 Conclusion
183(6)
References
183(6)
8 Subtropical Fruit Crops
189(14)
8.1 Guava, Psidium guajava
189(5)
8.1.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii
189(4)
8.1.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Root-Rot
193(1)
8.2 Grapevine, Vitis vinifera
194(6)
8.2.1 Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita
194(4)
8.2.2 Reniform Nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis
198(1)
8.2.3 Dagger Nematode Xiphinema index
198(2)
8.3 Conclusion
200(3)
References
200(3)
9 Temperate Fruit Crops
203(18)
9.1 Peach, Prunus persica
203(7)
9.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
203(2)
9.1.2 Ring Nematode, Mesocriconema xenoplax
205(4)
9.1.3 Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus vulnus and P. Penetrans
209(1)
9.2 Strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa
210(6)
9.2.1 Bud and Leaf Nematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae
210(2)
9.2.2 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans
212(2)
9.2.3 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
214(1)
9.2.4 Cauliflower Disease Complex
215(1)
9.3 Apple, Malus domestica
216(2)
9.3.1 Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans and P. vulnus
216(2)
9.4 Conclusion
218(3)
References
219(2)
10 Semiarid Fruit Crops
221(12)
10.1 Pomegranate, Punica granatum
221(6)
10.1.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
221(3)
10.1.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Ceratocystis Wilt
224(3)
10.2 Fig, Ficus carica
227(1)
10.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
227(1)
10.3 Conclusion
228(5)
References
229(4)
Part VI Vegetable Crops
11 Solanaceous Vegetable Crops
233(34)
11.1 Potato, Solanum tuberosum
233(9)
11.1.1 Cyst Nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida
234(4)
11.1.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
238(4)
11.2 Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum
242(9)
11.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
242(5)
11.2.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
247(3)
11.2.3 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Bacterial Wilt
250(1)
11.3 Brinjal, Solanum melongena
251(5)
11.3.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
251(4)
11.3.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Bacterial Wilt
255(1)
11.4 Chilli and Bell Pepper, Capsicum annuum
256(5)
11.4.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
257(2)
11.4.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Bacterial Wilt
259(2)
11.5 Conclusion
261(6)
References
261(6)
12 Malvaceous Vegetable Crops
267(8)
12.1 Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus
267(5)
12.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
267(4)
12.1.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
271(1)
12.1.3 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Rhizoctonia Root Rot
272(1)
12.2 Conclusion
272(3)
References
273(2)
13 Leguminous Vegetable Crops
275(12)
13.1 French Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris
275(4)
13.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
275(3)
13.1.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
278(1)
13.2 Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata
279(3)
13.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
279(2)
13.2.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
281(1)
13.3 Pea, Pisum sativum
282(2)
13.3.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
282(2)
13.3.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
284(1)
13.4 Conclusion
284(3)
References
285(2)
14 Cucurbitaceous Vegetable Crops
287(12)
14.1 Cucumber, Cucumis sativus
287(3)
14.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
287(3)
14.2 Pointed Gourd, Trichosanthes dioica
290(3)
14.2.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
290(2)
14.2.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
292(1)
14.3 Bottlegourd, Lagenaria siceraria and Bittergourd, Momordica charantia
293(1)
14.3.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
293(1)
14.4 Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus
294(2)
14.4.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
294(2)
14.5 Conclusion
296(3)
References
297(2)
15 Root Vegetable Crops
299(6)
15.1 Carrot, Daucus carota
299(3)
15.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
299(3)
15.2 Beetroot, Beta vulgaris sub sp. vulgaris
302(1)
15.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
302(1)
15.3 Conclusion
303(2)
References
304(1)
16 Bulbous Vegetable Crops
305(6)
16.1 Onion, Allium cepa, and Garlic, Allium sativum
305(4)
16.1.1 Stem and Bulb Nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci
305(3)
16.1.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
308(1)
16.2 Conclusion
309(2)
References
309(2)
17 Cruciferous Vegetable Crops
311(8)
17.1 Cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, and Cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
311(5)
17.1.1 Stunt Nematode, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae
311(3)
17.1.2 Cyst Nematode, Heterodera cruciferae
314(1)
17.1.3 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
315(1)
17.2 Conclusion
316(3)
References
317(2)
18 Leafy Vegetable Crops
319(6)
18.1 Lettuce, Lactuca sativa
319(2)
18.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
319(2)
18.2 Celery, Apium graveolens
321(1)
18.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica
321(1)
18.3 Conclusion
322(3)
References
323(2)
19 Mushrooms
325(12)
19.1 Introduction
325(1)
19.2 Mushroom Nematodes
326(8)
19.2.1 Myceliophagous Nematodes
326(3)
19.2.2 Saprophagous Nematodes
329(1)
19.2.3 Crop Losses
329(1)
19.2.4 Nature of Damage
329(1)
19.2.5 Symptoms
330(1)
19.2.6 Biology and Life Cycle
330(1)
19.2.7 Spread and Survival
330(1)
19.2.8 Management
331(3)
19.3 Conclusion
334(3)
References
334(3)
20 Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops
337(18)
20.1 Introduction
337(2)
20.1.1 Major Nematode Problems
338(1)
20.1.2 Management
338(1)
20.2 Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum
339(4)
20.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
339(4)
20.3 Bell Pepper, Capsicum annuum
343(2)
20.3.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
344(1)
20.4 Cucumber, Cucumis sativus
345(3)
20.4.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
346(2)
20.5 Lettuce, Lactuca sativa
348(2)
20.5.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
348(2)
20.6 Future Thrusts
350(1)
20.7 Conclusion
350(5)
References
351(4)
Part VII Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
21 Ornamental Crops
355(18)
21.1 Tuberose, Polianthes tuberosa
355(7)
21.1.1 Floral Malady, Aphelenchoides besseyi
355(4)
21.1.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
359(2)
21.1.3 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
361(1)
21.2 Gladiolus, Gladiolus spp
362(2)
21.2.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
362(1)
21.2.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
363(1)
21.3 China Aster, Callistephus chinensis
364(1)
21.3.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
364(1)
21.4 Crossandra, Crossandra infundibuliformis
365(5)
21.4.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
365(2)
21.4.2 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus delattrei
367(2)
21.4.3 Needle Nematode, Longidorus africanus
369(1)
21.5 Conclusion
370(3)
References
370(3)
22 Protected Cultivation of Flower Crops
373(24)
22.1 Introduction
373(2)
22.1.1 Nematode Problems
374(1)
22.1.2 Management
374(1)
22.2 Carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus
375(4)
22.2.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
375(3)
22.2.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
378(1)
22.2.3 Spiral Nematode, Helicotylenchus dihystera
378(1)
22.3 Gerbera, Gerbera jamesonii
379(2)
22.3.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
380(1)
22.3.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Phytophthora Foot Rot
381(1)
22.4 Rose, Rosa spp
381(2)
22.4.1 Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus spp
381(1)
22.4.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
382(1)
22.5 Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum indicum
383(3)
22.5.1 Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus coffeae, P. chrysanthus
383(1)
22.5.2 Foliar Nematode, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi
384(2)
22.5.3 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
386(1)
22.6 Lilies, Lilium spp
386(3)
22.6.1 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans
387(1)
22.6.2 Foliar Nematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae
388(1)
22.7 Orchids, Cymbidium, Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Dendrobium, Wanda spp
389(2)
22.7.1 Foliar Nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi (on Vanda and Dendrobium nobile), A. Fragariae (on Oncidium)
389(2)
22.8 Anthurium, Anthurium andraeanum
391(3)
22.8.1 Burrowing Nematode, Radopholus similis
391(3)
22.9 Future Thrusts
394(1)
22.10 Conclusion
394(3)
References
395(2)
23 Medicinal Crops
397(16)
23.1 Introduction
397(1)
23.2 Ashwagandha, Withania somnifera
398(3)
23.2.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
398(2)
23.2.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Root Rot
400(1)
23.3 Coleus, Solenostemon rotundifolius
401(6)
23.3.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
401(2)
23.3.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Fusarium Wilt
403(1)
23.3.3 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Collar Rot
404(2)
23.3.4 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Root Rot
406(1)
23.4 Brahmi, Bacopa mannieri
407(1)
23.4.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
407(1)
23.5 Soda Apple, Solanum viarum
408(1)
23.5.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
408(1)
23.6 Henbane, Hyoscyamus niger
409(1)
23.6.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
409(1)
23.7 Conclusion
410(3)
References
411(2)
24 Aromatic Crops
413(20)
24.1 Mints, Mentha spp
413(5)
24.1.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
413(3)
24.1.2 Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus spp
416(2)
24.2 Basil, Ocimum basilicum
418(2)
24.2.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
418(1)
24.2.2 Foliar Nematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae
419(1)
24.3 Jasmine, Jasminum spp
420(1)
24.3.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
420(1)
24.4 Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin
421(3)
24.4.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
422(1)
24.4.2 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus
423(1)
24.4.3 Spiral Nematode, Helicotylenchus dihystera
424(1)
24.5 Davana, Artemisia pallens
424(1)
24.5.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
424(1)
24.6 Scented Geranium, Pelargonium graveolens
425(1)
24.6.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne hapla
425(1)
24.7 Chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla
426(1)
24.7.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
426(1)
24.8 Conclusion
427(6)
References
427(6)
Part VIII Plantation, Spice and Tuber Crops
25 Plantation Crops
433(20)
25.1 Coconut, Cocoas nucifera
433(6)
25.1.1 Burrowing Nematode, Radopholus similis
433(3)
25.1.2 Red Ring Nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
436(3)
25.2 Areca Nut, Areca catechu
439(3)
25.2.1 Burrowing Nematode, Radopholus similis
439(3)
25.3 Coffee, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora
442(4)
25.3.1 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae
442(2)
25.3.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne exigua and M. coffeicola
444(2)
25.4 Tea, Camellia sinensis
446(3)
25.4.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
446(3)
25.5 Conclusion
449(4)
References
450(3)
26 Spice Crops
453(22)
26.1 Black Pepper, Piper nigrum
453(8)
26.1.1 Burrowing Nematode, Radopholus similis
453(4)
26.1.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
457(3)
26.1.3 Interaction of Root-Knot and Burrowing Nematodes with Foot Rot
460(1)
26.2 Cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum
461(3)
26.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
461(2)
26.2.2 Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode with Rhizome Rot
463(1)
26.3 Ginger, Zingiber officinale
464(4)
26.3.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
464(3)
26.3.2 Burrowing Nematode, Radopholus similis
467(1)
26.4 Turmeric, Curcuma longa
468(3)
26.4.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica
468(2)
26.4.2 Burrowing Nematode, Radopholus similis
470(1)
26.5 Conclusion
471(4)
References
472(3)
27 Tuber Crops
475(28)
27.1 Introduction
475(1)
27.2 Cassava, Manihot esculenta
476(2)
27.2.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
476(1)
27.2.2 Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus, P. sefaensis
477(1)
27.3 Taro, Colocasia esculenta
478(2)
27.3.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica
478(2)
27.4 Sweet Potato, Ipomoea batatas
480(7)
27.4.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
480(3)
27.4.2 Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis
483(2)
27.4.3 Dry Rot Nematode, Scutellonema bradys
485(1)
27.4.4 Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus coffeae, P. brachyurus
486(1)
27.5 Yams, Dioscorea spp
487(7)
27.5.1 Yam Nematode, Scutellonema bradys
487(4)
27.5.2 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
491(3)
27.5.3 Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae
494(1)
27.6 Yam Bean, Pachyrhizus erosus
494(1)
27.6.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria
494(1)
27.7 Winged Bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
495(2)
27.7.1 Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp
495(2)
27.8 Elephant Foot Yam, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
497(1)
27.8.1 Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
497(1)
27.9 Conclusion
497(6)
References
498(5)
Part IX Future Thrusts and Conclusion
28 The Way Ahead
503(10)
28.1 Introduction
503(1)
28.2 Perspectives in Sustainable Nematode Management
504(4)
28.2.1 Basic Research
504(1)
28.2.2 Cultural Methods
505(1)
28.2.3 Chemical Methods
506(1)
28.2.4 Biological Methods
506(1)
28.2.5 Host Resistance
507(1)
28.2.6 Integrated Methods
508(1)
28.3 Evolving Research Thrusts
508(1)
28.4 Transfer of Technology
509(1)
28.4.1 What Needs to Be Done?
510(1)
28.5 Conclusion
510(3)
References
511(2)
Index 513
Dr. P. Parvatha Reddy obtained his M.Sc. (Agri.) degree from Karnatak University, Dharwad, and Ph. D. degree jointly from the University of Florida, Gainesville, USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.





Dr. Reddy served as the Director of the prestigious Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) at Bangalore from 1999 to 2002 during which period the Institute was honoured with ICAR Best Institution Award. He also served as the Head, Division of Entomology and Nematology at IIHR and gave tremendous impetus and direction to research, extension and education in developing bio-intensive integrated pest management strategies in horticultural crops. These technologies are being practiced widely by the farmers across the country since they are effective, economical, eco-friendly and residue-free. Dr. Reddy has about 34 years of experience working with horticultural crops and involved in developing an F1 tomato hybrid Arka Varadan resistant to root-knot nematodes. He has also developed bio-intensive integrated pest management strategies in horticultural crops using eco-friendly components such as bio-control agents, botanicals and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.





Dr. Reddy is the Honorary Fellow of the Society for Plant Protection Sciences, New Delhi, Fellow of the Indian Phytopathological Society, New Delhi and Founder President of the Association for Advancement of Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems (AAPMHE), Bangalore.
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