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E-raamat: New Frontiers in the Study of Social Phenomena: Cognition, Complexity, Adaptation

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319239385
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New Frontiers in the Study of Social Phenomena: Cognition, Complexity, AdaptationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319239385
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This book studies social phenomena in a new way, by making judicious use of computer technology. The book addresses the entire spectrum of classic studies in social science, from experiments to the computational models, with a multidisciplinary approach. The book is suitable for those who want to get a picture of what it means to do social research today, and also to get an indication of the major open issues. The book is connected to a database of code for simulations, experimental data and allows to activate a subscription to a teaching tool using NetLogo, a programming language widely used in the social studies. The authors are researchers with first-hand experience research projects, both basic and applied. The work will be useful for those who want to understand more of the social, economic and political phenomena via computer applications.

For a Computational Social and Behavioral Science.- Part I: New Theories.- Cognitively Rich Architectures for Agent-based Models of Social Behaviors and Dynamics: A Multi-scale Perspective.- Reciprocity, Punishment, Institutions: The Streets to Social Collaboration.- The Effect of Legal and Social Norms in Countering Extortion Racket Systems.- Experimental Economycs and Tax Evasion.- Exploring Reputation-based Cooperation.- Part II: New Applications.- A Novel Interdisciplinary Approach to Socio-Technical Complexity: Sociologically-driven, Computable Methods for Sport Spectator Crowds" Semi-supervised Analysis.- Trends in Social Science: The Impact of Computational and Simulative Models.- On the Quality of Collective Decisions in Sociotechnical Systems: Transparency, Fairness and Efficiency.- How Crime Spreads Through Imitation in Social Networks: A Simulation Model.- NewsMarket 2.0: Analysis of News for Stock Price Forecasting.
1 Computational Social and Behavioral Science
1(10)
Rosaria Conte
1.1 Social and Natural Sciences: An Uncertain Alliance
2(1)
1.2 A Bit of History
3(1)
1.3 The Present
4(2)
1.4 Next Future
6(5)
References
7(4)
Part I New Theories
2 Cognitively Rich Architectures for Agent-Based Models of Social Behaviors and Dynamics: A Multi-Scale Perspective
11(30)
Marco Campenni
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Agent-Based Modeling
12(9)
2.2.1 Social Behavior and Communication in Living Organisms
14(1)
2.2.2 Communication, Social Cognition and Theory of Mind (ToM)
15(1)
2.2.3 "Animal Culture" and Imitation
16(1)
2.2.4 Information Exchange
17(1)
2.2.5 Agent-Based Modeling of the Evolution of Communicative Systems
18(2)
2.2.6 Agent-Based Modeling of Social Organization, Structures, and Dynamics in Living Organisms
20(1)
2.3 Why Do We Need Cognitive Agents?
21(5)
2.3.1 Cooperation Theory and ABM
22(2)
2.3.2 Why Agent-based Models and not Other Modeling Approaches?
24(2)
2.4 Social-Ecological Systems
26(7)
2.4.1 Role of Traditional Knowledge in SES
30(1)
2.4.2 The Adaptive Cycle
31(1)
2.4.3 Adaptive Governance and SES
32(1)
2.4.4 Links to Sustainable Development
32(1)
2.5 Earth System Dynamics and the Syndromes Approach
33(1)
2.5.1 Syndromes Concepts
33(1)
2.6 Conclusions
34(7)
References
35(6)
3 Reciprocity, Punishment, Institutions: The Streets to Social Collaboration---New Theories on How Emerging Social Artifacts Control Our Lives in Society
41(24)
Giuliana Gerace
3.1 Introduction
41(2)
3.2 The Emergence of Cooperation
43(7)
3.2.1 Reciprocity Mechanisms
43(2)
3.2.2 Behavioral Patterns: Strong Reciprocity
45(3)
3.2.3 Behavioral Dispositions: Trust
48(2)
3.3 The Emergence of Institutions
50(6)
3.3.1 Perspectives on Social Conditionality
52(2)
3.3.2 Models of Emergence
54(2)
3.4 An Experiment in Social Interaction: The Public Trust Model
56(4)
3.4.1 Model Description
57(1)
3.4.2 Results
58(1)
3.4.3 Discussion of Results
59(1)
3.5 Conclusions
60(5)
References
61(4)
4 Modelling Extortion Racket Systems: Preliminary Results
65(16)
Luis G. Nardin
Giulia Andrighetto
Aron Szekely
Rosaria Conte
4.1 Introduction
65(2)
4.2 Palermo Scenario
67(4)
4.3 Experiment
71(4)
4.4 Results
75(3)
4.5 Conclusions
78(3)
References
79(2)
5 Experimental Economies and Tax Evasion: The Order Beyond the Market
81(20)
Juliana Bernhofer
5.1 Introduction
81(2)
5.2 Classic Modeling of Tax Evasion
83(1)
5.3 Limits of Rational-Choice Theory
84(2)
5.4 The Expected-Utility Approach Under Scrutiny
86(2)
5.5 Institutions, Social Norms and Psychological Factors---New Evidence from the Lab
88(3)
5.5.1 Testing the Classic Microeconomic Predictions
89(1)
5.5.2 Tax Compliance as a Social Norm
90(1)
5.6 From Top Down to Bottom Up---From Experimental Economics to an Experimental Economy
91(5)
5.6.1 Group Conformity and Social Norms
92(2)
5.6.2 The Tax Compliance Simulator (TCS)---Playing with Complexity
94(1)
5.6.3 Experimental Economics---Calibration with Experimental Data
94(1)
5.6.4 A Model of Citizenship
95(1)
5.7 Conclusions
96(5)
References
97(4)
6 Exploring Reputation-Based Cooperation
101(16)
Daniele Vilone
Francesca Giardini
Mario Paolucci
6.1 Introduction
101(2)
6.2 The Computational Model
103(1)
6.3 Results
104(8)
6.3.1 Effects of the Network Topology
105(7)
6.4 Discussion
112(1)
6.5 Conclusions
113(4)
References
114(3)
Part II New Applications
7 A Novel Interdisciplinary Approach to Socio-Technical Complexity
117(28)
Chiara Bassetti
7.1 Introduction
117(2)
7.2 The OZ Project at a Glance
119(1)
7.3 State of the Art and Theoretical Foundations
120(6)
7.3.1 (Multimodal) Social Interaction
121(2)
7.3.2 Large Gatherings (or Crowds)
123(3)
7.4 Empirical Foundations
126(5)
7.5 Atomic Components, Annotation, and Compositional Methods
131(7)
7.6 Conclusions
138(7)
References
139(6)
8 Trends in Social Science: The Impact of Computational and Simulative Models
145(8)
Rosaria Conte
Mario Paolucci
Stefano Picascia
Federico Cecconi
8.1 The Survey: Method and Caveats
145(1)
8.2 Results
146(2)
8.3 Discussion and Some Conclusions
148(5)
References
151(2)
9 On the Quality of Collective Decisions in Sociotechnical Systems: Transparency, Fairness, and Efficiency
153(16)
Daniele Porello
9.1 Introduction
153(2)
9.2 Background on Social-Choice Theory and Judgment Aggregation
155(2)
9.3 A Model of Judgment Aggregation
157(3)
9.4 Ontological Analysis of Information in STS
160(3)
9.5 Assessing the Quality of Collective Decisions in Sociotechnical Systems
163(3)
9.6 Conclusions
166(3)
References
166(3)
10 How Crime Spreads Through Imitation in Social Networks: A Simulation Model
169(22)
Valentina Punzo
10.1 Introduction
169(1)
10.2 Literature Review
170(3)
10.3 The Agent-Based Approach
173(2)
10.4 The Simulation Model
175(5)
10.4.1 Steps of the Simulation
177(3)
10.4.2 Network Topologies
180(1)
10.5 Simulation Results
180(5)
10.6 Discussion
185(6)
References
187(4)
11 NewsMarket 2.0: Analysis of News for Stock Price Forecasting
191(12)
Alessandro Barazzetti
Rosangela Mastronardi
11.1 Introduction, Motivation, and Related Literature
191(2)
11.2 NewsMarket
193(6)
11.2.1 News Index Map (NIM)
194(3)
11.2.2 Natural Language Processing and NewsVoc
197(1)
11.2.3 Financial Prompter
198(1)
11.3 Data Analysis
199(1)
11.4 Empirical Results
199(3)
11.5 Conclusions
202(1)
References 203(2)
Index 205
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