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E-raamat: No Birds of Passage: A History of Gujarati Muslim Business Communities, 1800-1975

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Sep-2023
  • Kirjastus: Harvard University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780674294967
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Sep-2023
  • Kirjastus: Harvard University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780674294967

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"A sweeping account of three Gujarati Muslim trading castes - the Bohras, Khojas, and Memons - whose commercial success over nearly two centuries sheds new light on the history of capitalism, Islam, and empire in South Asia"--

A sweeping account of three Gujarati Muslim trading communities, whose commercial success over nearly two centuries sheds new light on the history of capitalism, Islam, and empire in South Asia.

During the nineteenth century, three Gujarati Muslim commercial castes—the Bohras, Khojas, and Memons—came to dominate Muslim business in South Asia. Although these communities constitute less than 1 percent of South Asia’s Muslim population, they are still disproportionately represented among the region’s leading Muslim-owned firms today. In No Birds of Passage, Michael O’Sullivan argues that the conditions enabling their success have never been understood, thanks to stereotypes—embraced equally by colonial administrators and Muslim commentators—that estrange them from their religious identity. Yet while long viewed as Hindus in all but name, or as “Westernized” Muslims who embraced colonial institutions, these groups in fact entwined economic prerogatives and religious belief in a distinctive form of Muslim capitalism.

Following entrepreneurial firms from Gujarat to the Hijaz, Hong Kong, Mombasa, Rangoon, and beyond, O’Sullivan reveals the importance of kinship networks, private property, and religious obligation to their business endeavors. This paradigm of Muslim capitalism found its highest expression in the jamaats, the central caste institutions of each community, which combined South Asian, Islamicate, and European traditions of corporate life. The jamaats also played an essential role in negotiating the position of all three groups in relation to British authorities and Indian Muslim nationalists, as well as the often-sharp divisions within the castes themselves.

O’Sullivan’s account sheds light on Gujarati Muslim economic life from the dawn of colonial hegemony in India to the crisis of the postcolonial state, and provides fascinating insights into the broader effects of capitalist enterprise on Muslim experience in modern South Asia.



No Birds of Passage explores the remarkable business success of three Gujarati Muslim commercial castes: the Bohras, Khojas, and Memons. Often stereotyped as “Westernized” and as Hindus in all but name, these groups are better seen as having developed a distinctive Muslim capitalism, in which religious and commercial prerogatives are inseparable.

Arvustused

An important contribution to a growing body of scholarship on the internal, social, economic, and religious structures of South Asian mercantile, moneylending, and corporate communities a masterful argument for studying economic and business history through the lens of Muslim religious authority, legal practice, and identity. -- Amanda Lanzillo * Developing Economies * This is an audacious scholarly conversation between received categories of classical political economy and South Asian Islam that is likely to provoke debate among specialists in the field. For the general student of history however, it is a book that demands close attention for its outstanding contributions to the craft, both in its expansive approach toward the archive as in its deft interweaving of religion, culture and politics within the complex terrain of capitalist enterprise and law. The structure, prose and narrative richness of the book are likely to ensure a life for it outside the scholarly niche of economic history. -- Madhumita Mazumdar * Telegraph India * A rich historical account of Gujarati Muslim business communities, emphasising their diverse experiences, achievements, and challenges throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuriesthe concept of corporate Islam is a much needed contribution to understand the emergence of global Capitalism especially from the perspective of the global South. -- Gijsbert Oonk * Business History * Challenges the colonial image of these three groups as rapacious migratory birds who replicated the voracious capitalism of the East India Company, and later European colonizers, to show that they instead planted deep roots wherever they migratedmakes a significant contribution to the modern history of these communities. -- Arwa Hussain * Reading Religion * No Birds of Passage is a brilliant and strikingly innovative contribution to the history of trade and diaspora in the Indian Ocean. Based on an impressive array of sources, it tells a compelling story about the emergence of a distinctive form of Muslim capitalism that continues to shape the region today. -- Sunil Amrith, author of Unruly Waters The intersection of community, caste, and capitalism is a matter of abiding interest for South Asian historians of both the early modern and modern periods. Michael OSullivans well-documented and closely argued work on Gujarati Muslim entrepreneurs over two centuries is a significant intervention in this field. It merits a wide readership, and is also certain to provoke debates well beyond the confines of South Asian studies. -- Sanjay Subrahmanyam, author of Europes India This sophisticated and fine-grained case study is a model of how to write revisionist economic histories that resonate with the experiences of people in most of the world. No Birds of Passage succeeds precisely because its conceptual apparatus is built on giving endogenous institutions their due, bringing together a range of sources in multiple languages, and openly embracing paradoxes without which this story of Muslim capitalism would have remained illegible. This is an exciting contribution to the burgeoning global histories of capitalism. -- Mrinalini Sinha, author of Specters of Mother India A major contribution to South Asian history. OSullivans sweeping account of Gujarati Muslim business communities is more than a business history. It is an impressive examination of how the Khojas, Bohras, and Memons reshaped community corporate identities through their interactions with the colonial state, Indian nationalism, Muslim politics, and postcolonial regimes. -- Douglas E. Haynes, author of Small Town Capitalism in Western India This is a landmark work of scholarship, meticulously recovering the transimperial worldviews of Gujarati Muslim business communities both before and after the age of imperial capitalism. Attentive to historical asymmetries of race and sovereignty, OSullivans dynamic and capacious study will inform future work on imperial and postcolonial economic history as well as on the social-religious logics of capital accumulation. -- Manu Goswami, author of Producing India

Muu info

Winner of BASAS Book Prize 2025 (United States) and Carolina's Outstanding Contribution to Middle East and Islamic Studies Book Award 2024 (United States). Short-listed for Hagley Prize in Business History 2025 (United States). Long-listed for Karwaan Book Award 2024 (United States) and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay NIF Book Prize 2024 (United States).
Michael OSullivan is Senior Research Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, where he works on the CAPASIA Project, a research initiative focused on the Asian origins of global capitalism. He has held fellowships at Harvard Universitys Joint Center for History and Economics and at Yale Law School.