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E-raamat: Nominal Arguments and Language Variation

(Associate Professor of Chinese Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Manoa)
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Nominal Arguments and Language VariationSuurem pilt
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Nominal Arguments in Language Variation investigates nominal arguments in classifier languages, refuting the long-held claim that classifier languages do not have overt article determiners. Li Julie Jiang brings the typologically unique Nuosu Yi, a classifier language that has an overt definite determiner (D), to the forefront of the theoretical investigation. By comparing nominal arguments in Nuosu Yi to those in Mandarin, a well-studied classifier language that has no overt evidence of an article determiner, Jiang provides new accounts of variation among classifier languages and extends the parameters to argument formation in general. In addition to paying particular attention to these two classifier languages, the discussion of nominal arguments also covers a wider range of classifier languages and number marking languages from Romance, Germanic, and Slavic to Hindi.

Using a broad cross-linguistic perspective and detailed empirical analysis, Nominal Arguments in Language Variation is an important contribution to research on classifier languages and the fields of theoretical syntax, semantics, language variation, and linguistic typology.
Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction
1(22)
1.1 Classifier languages: their definition and variable properties
3(13)
1.1.1 A "working definition" of "classifier languages"
3(11)
1.1.2 Variable properties of classifier languages
14(2)
1.2 Theoretical issues regarding nominal arguments
16(2)
1.3 Outline
18(5)
PART I A Classifier Language without D: Mandarin
2 Bare Numeral Classifier Phrases and Bare Nouns in Mandarin
23(134)
2.1 Introduction
23(2)
2.2 The external syntax and semantics of bare numeral-noun phrases: some tendentially universal patterns
25(24)
2.2.1 Cross-linguistic properties of numeral-noun phrases
25(8)
2.2.2 Assumptions about the semantics and syntax of numerals
33(4)
2.2.3 A D-less analysis of numeral-noun phrases and an ambiguity approach to numerals
37(12)
2.3 Reexamining bare numeral classifier phrases in Mandarin
49(29)
2.3.1 Similarities and differences between Mandarin and number marking languages in the nominal internal domain
49(3)
2.3.2 Scope behavior of Mandarin bare numeral dassifier phrases
52(6)
2.3.3 Interpretation and distribution of Mandarin numeral classifier phrases
58(13)
2.3.4 Previous analyses of Mandarin numeral dassifier phrases
71(7)
2.4 A D-less analysis of Mandarin numeral dassifier phrases
78(22)
2.4.1 Uniform D-less analysis of bare numeral-(classifier)-noun phrases
78(8)
2.4.2 The function of dassifiers and the semantics of bare nouns
86(13)
2.4.3 Summary and predictions
99(1)
2.5 Bare nouns in Mandarin
100(20)
2.5.1 Scope behavior of Mandarin bare nouns
100(3)
2.5.2 Interpretation and distribution of Mandarin bare nouns
103(4)
2.5.3 Derive other interpretations of bare nouns from kinds
107(10)
2.5.4 Bare nouns with demonstratives
117(3)
2.6 Mandarin is not so bare: one-deletion of numeral classifier phrases
120(29)
2.6.1 Interpretation and distribution of [ CIN]
121(6)
2.6.2 Scope behavior of [ CIN]
127(4)
2.6.3 Previous analyses of Mandarin numeral-less classifier phrases
131(13)
2.6.4 One-deletion analysis of Mandarin [ CIN]
144(5)
2.7 Interpretational restrictions on sentence initial nominals
149(6)
2.7.1 The interpretational tendency
150(1)
2.7.2 Towards an account
151(2)
2.7.3 Accounting for the interpretational tendency
153(2)
2.8 Summary
155(2)
3 Plurality and Complex Nominal Arguments in Mandarin: Still without D
157(56)
3.1 Introduction
157(1)
3.2 Men and other ways to express plurality in Mandarin
158(4)
3.3 Previous analyses of -men and challenges
162(11)
3.3.1 Background of -men and previous analyses
162(4)
3.3.2 Challenges for the DP analysis of -men
166(7)
3.4 Two less addressed properties of phrases containing -men
173(5)
3.4.1 [ N-men Num CI]: its appositive nature
173(4)
3.4.2 N-men: its generic reading
177(1)
3.5 Associative plural marker -men and a split analysis of plurality
178(6)
3.6 Derive four types of phrases containing -men
184(22)
3.6.1 N-men
184(5)
3.6.2 The [ Num CI N-men] phrase
189(4)
3.6.3 The Numerical Approximation Construction-- [ Num-Approximation CIN-men]
193(11)
3.6.4 The appositive phrase containing -men [ N-men Num CI (person)]
204(2)
3.7 Remaining issues
206(3)
3.8 Summary
209(4)
PART II A Classifier Language with D
4 Classifier Languages with D: Nuosu Yi
213(42)
4.1 Introduction
213(1)
4.2 Nuosu Yi as a classifier language
214(5)
4.3 Bare numeral classifier phrases in Nuosu Yi
219(3)
4.4 Numeral-less classifier phrases in Nuosu Yi
222(4)
4.5 The unexpected definite article
226(4)
4.6 Demonstratives in Nuosu Yi
230(2)
4.7 Why are classifier languages with overt Ds possible but so rare?
232(2)
4.8 A theory of Nuosu Yi nominal arguments
234(18)
4.8.1 Bare arguments in Nuosu Yi
234(2)
4.8.2 Numeral classifier phrases in Nuosu Yi
236(3)
4.8.3 Numeral-less classifier phrases in Nuosu Yi
239(2)
4.8.4 The syntax of demonstrative and definite nominal phrases
241(2)
4.8.5 The disappearance of blocking effects
243(7)
4.8.6 The Neocarlsonian approach versus other approaches
250(2)
4.9 Summary
252(3)
PART III When What You See Is What You Get and When It Is Not-- Language Universals, Variation, and Typology of Nominal Arguments
5 Variation in Classifier languages
255(51)
5.1 Introduction
255(1)
5.2 Parameters in dassifier languages: how Mandarin and Nuosu Yi differ
256(6)
5.3 Predictions about other types of classifier languages
262(33)
5.3.1 Predicting other classifier languages without D
263(16)
5.3.2 Predicting other classifier languages with D
279(16)
5.4 Variation in marking definiteness in dassifier languages
295(6)
5.5 Summary of discussion on dassifier languages
301(5)
6 Implications on Nominal Argument Formation in General: Language Universals, Variation, and Typology of Nominal Arguments
306(28)
6.1 Introduction
306(1)
6.2 Number marking languages: to D or not to D?
307(17)
6.2.1 Bare nominal arguments in number marking languages: variation and universals
308(7)
6.2.2 The syntax of nominal arguments: to D or not to D?
315(9)
6.3 Two other types of languages: same syntax but silent functional head
324(8)
6.4 Summary
332(2)
7 Conclusion
334(11)
7.1 Overview of major daims
334(7)
7.2 Directions for future research
341(4)
Bibliography 345(20)
Index 365
Li Julie Jiang is Associate Professor of Chinese Linguistics at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa in the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures.
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