| Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
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xiii | |
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xvii | |
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xxiii | |
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xxix | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (7) |
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1 Is the Law of Neutrality Obsolete? |
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8 | (50) |
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8 | (17) |
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1.1.1 The Concept of Neutrality |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (2) |
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1.1.3 Related Concepts: Permanent Neutrality, Armed Neutrality, Non-belligerency and Benevolent Neutrality |
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12 | (1) |
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1.1.3.1 Permanent Neutrality |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.1.3.3 Non-belligerency and Benevolent Neutrality |
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13 | (4) |
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1.1.4 Scope of Application |
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17 | (1) |
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1.1.4.1 Neutrality and Formal State of War |
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17 | (1) |
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1.1.4.2 Neutrality: From State of War to Armed Conflict |
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18 | (3) |
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1.1.4.3 Is a Proclamation of Neutrality Required? |
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21 | (1) |
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1.1.4.4 Neutrality and Classification of Armed Conflict |
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21 | (1) |
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1.1.4.5 Neutrality and Intensity of Armed Conflict |
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22 | (1) |
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1.1.4.6 Termination of Neutrality |
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23 | (2) |
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1.2 Good Riddance to Neutrality? |
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25 | (33) |
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26 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Neutrality as Part of Customary International Law |
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28 | (10) |
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1.2.3 Challenges to the Law of Neutrality |
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38 | (1) |
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1.2.3.1 Collective Security |
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38 | (5) |
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1.2.3.2 The Renunciation of War in the Pact of Paris (1928) |
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43 | (2) |
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1.2.4 The Relevance of Gross Violations and the Role of Power |
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45 | (13) |
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2 The United Nations' Collective Security System and Neutrality |
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58 | (16) |
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58 | (1) |
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2.2 Neutrality and the UN Charter |
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59 | (1) |
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2.3 Neutrality and Specific Obligations under the UN Charter |
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60 | (5) |
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2.4 Neutrality and the Uniting for Peace Resolution |
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65 | (1) |
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2.5 State Practice: Military Manuals |
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66 | (2) |
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2.6 Security Council Practice |
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68 | (2) |
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2.7 State Practice vis a vis UN Enforcement Action |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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3 Rights and Duties under the Law of Neutrality |
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74 | (70) |
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74 | (1) |
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3.2 Inviolability of Neutral Territory |
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75 | (13) |
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3.2.1 Prohibition of Conducting Military Operations on Neutral Territory |
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76 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Prohibition of Using Neutral Territory as Base of Operations |
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80 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Prohibition of Transport of Troops and Supplies through Neutral Territory |
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82 | (4) |
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3.2.3.1 The Effect of UN LOSC on Neutrality |
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86 | (2) |
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3.3 Recruitment of Combatants |
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88 | (2) |
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3.3.1 The Role of Private Military Companies |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (40) |
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3.4.1 The Duty of Neutrals Not to Supply Belligerents with Goods That Sustain Their War Effort |
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91 | (3) |
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3.4.1.1 Restrictions Initiated by Neutral States |
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94 | (1) |
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3.4.1.2 Neutral Due Diligence |
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95 | (2) |
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3.4.1.3 Total Interdiction of Neutral Commerce and Globalized Economy |
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97 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Belligerent Rights: Visit and Search, Contraband, Blockade, Seizure or Destruction of Neutral Vessels or Aircraft |
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101 | (1) |
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3.4.2.1 The Belligerent Right of Visit and Search |
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102 | (4) |
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106 | (8) |
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3.4.2.3 Capture or Destruction of Neutral Vessels |
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114 | (9) |
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123 | (7) |
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3.5 Neutrals as Humanitarians: The Rights and Duties of Neutrals in the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I |
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130 | (12) |
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3.5.1 Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked |
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131 | (1) |
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3.5.2 The Protecting Powers |
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132 | (2) |
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3.5.3 Neutral Medical Personnel (Articles 27 and 32 GC I) |
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134 | (2) |
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3.5.4 Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked on Neutral Vessels (Articles 15 and 21 GC II) and Neutral Ports (Article 17 GC II) |
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136 | (2) |
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3.5.5 Hospital Ships Utilized by Humanitarian Organizations of Neutral States (Articles 25 and 32 GC II and Article 22 AP I) |
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138 | (1) |
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3.5.6 Medical Aircraft (Articles 37 GCI 40 GC II and 31 AP I) |
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138 | (2) |
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3.5.7 Prisoners of War (POWs) |
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140 | (1) |
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3.5.8 Neutral Nationals (Article 4 GC IV) |
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141 | (1) |
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3.6 Services to Belligerents |
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142 | (2) |
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4 Neutrality and the Use of Force |
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144 | (31) |
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144 | (1) |
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4.2 Neutrality and the Prohibition of the Use of Force |
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145 | (3) |
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4.3 Neutrality and Self-Defence |
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148 | (15) |
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163 | (12) |
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4.4.1 The Legal Basis for the Use of Force: Jus ad Bellum or Jus in Bello? |
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163 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Neutrality and Self-Defence |
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164 | (2) |
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4.4.2.1 Violation of Neutral Territory by a Belligerent |
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166 | (1) |
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4.4.2.2 Violation of Neutrality in General by a Belligerent |
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167 | (1) |
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4.4.2.3 The `Unwilling or Unable' Doctrine |
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168 | (4) |
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4.4.3 Self-Defence beyond Neutrality |
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172 | (3) |
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5 Neutrality and Non-international Armed Conflict |
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175 | (26) |
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175 | (2) |
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5.2 Recognition of Belligerency |
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177 | (4) |
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5.3 From Recognition of Belligerency to Non-intervention |
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181 | (2) |
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5.4 The Impact of the Spanish Civil War |
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183 | (4) |
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5.5 The Present Legal Framework |
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187 | (14) |
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6 Neutrality and Cyber Warfare |
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201 | (19) |
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201 | (1) |
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6.2 The Applicability of the Law of Armed Conflict in Cyberspace |
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202 | (3) |
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6.3 The Application of the Law of Neutrality |
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205 | (1) |
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6.4 The Tallinn Manual 2.0 Rules |
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206 | (10) |
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216 | (4) |
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220 | (27) |
| Bibliography |
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247 | (8) |
| Index |
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255 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta