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E-raamat: Nuclear Energy for Hydrogen Generation through Intermediate Heat Exchangers: A Renewable Source of Energy

  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319298382
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319298382

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· Explains how to use nuclear process heat for industrial applications, especially process heat for hydrogen production· Illuminates the issue of waste heat in nuclear plants, offering a vision for how it can be used in combined-cycle plants· Undertakes the thermal analysis of intermediate heat exchangers throughout the life cycle, from the design perspective through operational and safety assurance stages This book describes recent technological developments in next generation nuclear reactors that have created renewed interest in nuclear process heat for industrial applications. The author"s discussion mirrors the industry"s emerging focus on combined cycle Next Generation Nuclear Plants" (NGNP) seemingly natural fit in producing electricity and process heat for hydrogen production. To utilize this process heat, engineers must uncover a thermal device that can transfer the thermal energy from the NGNP to the hydrogen plant in the most performance efficient and cost effec

tive way possible. This book is written around that vital quest, and the author describes the usefulness of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) as a possible solution. The option to transfer heat and thermal energy via a single-phase forced convection loop where fluid is mechanically pumped between the heat exchangers at the nuclear and hydrogen plants is presented, and challenges associated with this tactic are discussed. As a second option, heat pipes and thermosyphons, with their ability to transport very large quantities of heat over relatively long distance with small temperature losses, are also examined.

EnergyResources And The Role Of Nuclear Energy.- Combustion.- Hydrogen ProductionPlants.- New Approach To Energy Conversion Technology.- Evaluation Of Ngnp IHXOperating Condition.- Heat Exchangers.- Effective Design Of Compact HeatExchangers For NGNP.- Appendices.
1 Energy Resources and the Role of Nuclear Energy
1(36)
1.1 The World's Energy Resources
1(1)
1.2 Today's Global Energy Market
2(1)
1.3 The End of Cheap Oil and the Future of Energy
3(2)
1.4 What to Do about Coal
5(2)
1.5 The Future of Energy
7(1)
1.6 Nuclear Reactors for Power Production
8(2)
1.7 Future Nuclear Power Plant System
10(1)
1.8 Next Generation of Nuclear Power Reactors for Power Production
11(1)
1.9 Goals for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems
12(1)
1.10 A Technology Roadmap for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems
13(2)
1.11 Description of Six Most Promising Nuclear Power Systems
15(4)
1.12 Hybrid Energy Systems
19(6)
1.12.1 Hybrid Energy Systems as Sources of Renewable Energy
23(2)
1.13 Energy Storage Systems
25(4)
1.14 Variable Electricity with Base-Load Reactor Operations
29(8)
References
35(2)
2 Large-Scale Hydrogen Production
37(24)
2.1 Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbons
38(7)
2.1.1 Steam Reforming Technologies
38(4)
2.1.2 Heat of Combustion
42(2)
2.1.3 Reforming Reactions
44(1)
2.2 Introduction to Combustion
45(1)
2.3 Chemical Combustion
46(2)
2.4 Combustion Equations
48(3)
2.5 Mass and Mole Fractions
51(2)
2.6 Enthalpy of Formation
53(3)
2.7 Enthalpy of Combustion
56(1)
2.8 Adiabatic Flame Temperature
57(4)
References
60(1)
3 Hydrogen Production Plant
61(62)
3.1 Introduction
61(5)
3.2 Electrical Energy Supply and Demand
66(6)
3.3 Hydrogen as a Source of Renewable Energy
72(7)
3.3.1 Why Hydrogen as a Source of Renewable Energy Now?
73(2)
3.3.2 Technical Development of Hydrogen Production
75(4)
3.3.3 Technical Development for Hydrogen Product Transport and Storage
79(1)
3.4 Development of a Hydrogen Combustion Turbine
79(2)
3.5 Feasibility Study on Hydrogen Energy Use
81(2)
3.6 Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Energy
83(9)
3.7 Constraints on Hydrogen Production Using Nuclear Energy
92(5)
3.7.1 Safety: Hydrogen Generation
92(2)
3.7.2 Safety: Hydrogen Generation by Facility Location
94(3)
3.8 Efficient Generation of Hydrogen Fuels Utilizing Nuclear Power
97(5)
3.9 Thermal Characteristics for Coupling a Hydrogen Product Plant to HTR/VHTR
102(9)
3.10 Next Generation Nuclear Plant Intermediate Heat Exchanger Acquisition
111(5)
3.11 Applicability of Heat Exchanger to Process Heat Applications
116(7)
References
119(4)
4 A New Approach to Energy Conversion Technology
123(42)
4.1 Power Conversion Study and Technology Options Assessment
123(5)
4.2 Waste Heat Recovery
128(1)
4.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Waste Heat Recovery
128(1)
4.3 Power Conversion System Components
129(15)
4.3.1 Heat Exchangers
129(13)
4.3.2 Compact Heat Exchangers
142(2)
4.4 Development of Gas Turbine
144(3)
4.5 Turbomachinery
147(1)
4.6 Heat Transfer Analysis
148(1)
4.7 Combined-Cycle Power Plant
149(2)
4.8 Advanced Computational Materials Proposed for Generation IV Systems
151(3)
4.9 Material Classes Proposed for Generation IV Systems
154(1)
4.10 Generation IV Materials Challenges
154(2)
4.11 Generation IV Materials Fundamental Issues
156(1)
4.12 Capital Cost of Proposed Generation IV Reactors
157(8)
4.12.1 Economic and Technical Aspects of Combined-Cycle Performance
159(1)
4.12.2 Economic Evaluation Technique
159(2)
4.12.3 Output Enhancement
161(3)
References
164(1)
5 Evaluation of Next Generation Nuclear Plant Intermediate Heat Exchanger Operating Conditions
165(46)
5.1 Introduction
165(7)
5.2 Hydrogen Production Plant Requirements
172(26)
5.2.1 Nuclear Reactor System
173(1)
5.2.2 Turbomachinery System
173(6)
5.2.3 Overall Efficiency of Plants
179(6)
5.2.4 Heat Exchanger System
185(3)
5.2.5 Heat Exchanger Design Configuration
188(2)
5.2.6 Intermediate Heat Exchanger Stress Analysis
190(1)
5.2.7 Heat Exchanger Materials and Comparisons
191(4)
5.2.8 Sizing of Components
195(2)
5.2.9 Heat Exchanger Cost Analysis
197(1)
5.3 Reactor and Power Conversion Unit
198(1)
5.4 Thermochemical Hydrogen Production
199(2)
5.5 High-Temperature Electrolysis
201(1)
5.6 System Thermal Transfer for Process Heat Application
202(3)
5.7 System Stress Analysis Model
205(1)
5.8 System Cost Analysis Model
205(1)
5.9 Verification and Validation Model
205(2)
5.10 System Integration
207(4)
References
208(3)
6 Heat Exchangers
211(36)
6.1 Heat Exchanger Types
211(3)
6.2 Classification According to Transfer Processes
214(1)
6.2.1 Indirect-Contact Heat Exchangers
214(1)
6.2.2 Direct-Contact Heat Exchangers
214(1)
6.3 Classification of Heat Exchanger by Construction Type
215(4)
6.3.1 Tubular Heat Exchangers
216(1)
6.3.2 Plate Heat Exchangers
217(1)
6.3.3 Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
217(1)
6.3.4 Tube-Fin Heat Exchangers
218(1)
6.3.5 Regenerative Heat Exchangers
219(1)
6.4 Condensers
219(1)
6.5 Boilers
220(1)
6.6 Classification According to Compactness
220(1)
6.7 Types of Applications
221(1)
6.8 Cooling Towers
221(1)
6.9 Regenerators and Recuperators
222(5)
6.10 Heat Exchanger Analysis: Use of LMTD
227(7)
6.11 Effectiveness-NTU Method for Heat-Exchanger Design
234(6)
6.12 Special Operating Conditions
240(1)
6.13 Compact Heat Exchangers and Their Classifications
241(6)
References
244(3)
7 Effective Design of Compact Heat Exchangers for Next Generation Nuclear Plants
247(66)
7.1 Introduction
247(3)
7.2 Classification of Heat Exchangers
250(3)
7.3 Compact-Heat-Exchanger-Driven Efficiencies in Brayton Cycle
253(10)
7.4 Thermal Energy Transfer for Process Heat Application in Enhanced Mode
263(10)
7.5 Design Criteria for Process Heat Exchangers
273(4)
7.6 Thermal and Hydraulic Design
277(18)
7.6.1 Equations and Parameters
278(17)
7.7 Overall Heat Exchanger Design Process
295(2)
7.7.1 Input Information Needed
295(2)
7.8 Design Summary
297(10)
7.9 CHEs in Practice
307(1)
7.10 Heat-Exchanger Materials and Comparisons
307(1)
7.11 Guide to CHEs
308(5)
7.11.1 Generic Advantages of Compact Design
310(1)
References
311(2)
Appendix A Table and Graph Compilations 313(18)
Appendix B Gas Property Tables for Selected Gases 331(36)
Appendix C Thermodynamic Properties for Water 367(20)
Appendix D Thermodynamic Property Tables for Carbon Dioxide 387(4)
Appendix E Thermodynamic Property Tables for Sodium 391(6)
Nuclear System Acronyms 397(4)
Index 401
Dr. Bahman Zohuri is founder of Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Inc., a consulting company that he formed upon leaving the semiconductor and defense industries after many years as a Senior Process Engineer for corporations including Westinghouse and Intel, and then as Senior Chief Scientist at Lockheed Missile and Aerospace Corporation. During his time with Westinghouse Electric Corporation, he performed thermal hydraulic analysis and natural circulation for Inherent Shutdown Heat Removal System (ISHRS) in the core of a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR). While at Lockheed, he was responsible for the study of vulnerability, survivability and component radiation and laser hardening for Defense Support Program (DSP), Boost Surveillance and Tracking Satellites (BSTS) and Space Surveillance and Tracking Satellites (SSTS). He also performed analysis of characteristics of laser beam and nuclear radiation interaction with materials, Transient Radiation Effects in Electronics (TREE), Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), System Generated Electromagnetic Pulse (SGEMP), Single-Event Upset (SEU), Blast and, Thermo-mechanical, hardness assurance, maintenance, and device technology. His consultancy clients have included Sandia National Laboratories, and he holds patents in areas such as the design of diffusion furnaces, and Laser Activated Radioactive Decay. He is the author of several books on heat transfer and directed energy weapons technologies.