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E-raamat: Numbers and Narratives in Bangladesh's Economic Development

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Mar-2021
  • Kirjastus: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811606588
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Mar-2021
  • Kirjastus: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811606588

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This book focuses on socio-economic developments of Bangladesh by challenging the dominant international narrative of the case being termed as development surprise, development paradox or development conundrum, given the absence of good governance. In doing so, the book examines the political economic dynamics and offers valuable insights into the current state of the Bangladeshi economy in light of stability, transformability and sustainability. Pointing to the high rate of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) in Bangladesh, there is wide belief that economic growth can be obtained even without functioning institutions, and is more important than an inclusive political system. Advocates go on to argue that authoritarianism may be condoned as long as a steady course of development is perused. However, the inadequacy of comparative analysis in to the state of the economy of Bangladesh vis-à-vis other relevant economies makes such claims myopic and parochial. This book thus investigates the numbers and narratives to ascertain the validity of such assertions and lamentations by looking at the necessary and sufficient conditions of development. The necessary conditions imply an incisive inquiry into the factors of economic growth land, labour, capital and technology while sufficient conditions warrant a penetrating incisive inquiry into the factors of economic growth land, labour, capital and technology. As such, the book explores development by drawing variables of politics and economics to find out a causal relationship, and interjects these variables have on themes such as growth, agriculture, manufacturing industry, financial sector, health, education, poverty and inequality.

Arvustused

The book is an important addition to the literature on development studies in general and political economy of South Asia in particular. It contains useful leads and insights on the process of growth in less developed economies and provides interesting guidelines to construct a growth framework. Its main takeaway is that quantitative growth cannot be sustained in the long run without improving its quality. (Pervez Tahir, PIDE P&R, Vol. 2 (6), June, 2021)

1 Economic Growth In Bangladesh
1(32)
Introduction
1(3)
Stability Conditions
4(14)
Labour Utilisation and Migration
5(1)
Consumption-Led Growth from Shifts in the Labour Force
6(1)
Incongruent Improvements in the Social Sector
7(1)
Jobless Growth
7(1)
Higher Concentration in Informal Employment
8(2)
Stagnant Investment and Savings
10(3)
Declining Capacity of Public Spending
13(2)
Discrepancies in Accounting Methodology
15(2)
Covid-19 and Risks
17(1)
Transformability Conditions
18(8)
Political Settlement
19(2)
Competitive Clientelism
21(3)
Investment in Human Capital
24(1)
Productive Expansion
25(1)
Sustain ability Conditions
26(2)
Institutions for Conservation of Natural Resources
27(1)
Growth and the Environment
28(1)
Concluding Remarks
28(2)
References
30(3)
2 Agriculture In Bangladesh
33(30)
Introduction
33(5)
Stability Conditions
38(9)
Fragility in Food Security
38(1)
Slow Rate of Structural Transformation
39(1)
Increasing Land Fragmentation
40(2)
Overuse of Fertilisers
42(1)
Differential Access to Credit
43(1)
Declining Agricultural Productivity with Concentrated Output Basket
43(2)
Low Utilisation of Technology
45(1)
Loss from Covid-19
46(1)
Transformability Conditions
47(6)
Diversification of Output
47(1)
Integrated Irrigation
48(1)
Optimum Use of Fertilisers
49(2)
Formalising Credit
51(1)
Mechanisation in Harvesting
51(2)
Integrated Agricultural Marketing System
53(1)
Sustainability Conditions
53(3)
Sustainable Irrigation Methods
53(1)
Shifting Towards Bio-Fertilisers
54(1)
Diversification Towards Cash Crops
55(1)
Concluding Remarks
56(3)
References
59(4)
3 Manufacturing Industry Of Bangladesh
63(34)
Introduction
63(2)
Stability Conditions
65(15)
Production Capacity
65(7)
Market Diversification
72(1)
Employment Generation
73(4)
Technological Catch-Up
77(1)
COVID-19: A Havoc in the Manufacturing Industry
78(2)
Transformability Conditions
80(6)
Increasing Competitiveness
81(2)
Augmentation of Technological Deepening
83(2)
Circulation and Market Diversification
85(1)
Clean Production
85(1)
Sustainability Conditions
86(3)
Circular Production
87(1)
Equalising Returns
88(1)
Whole of Society
89(1)
Concluding Remarks
89(4)
References
93(4)
4 Financial Sector Of Bangladesh
97(34)
Introduction
97(2)
Banking Sector: A Framework
99(1)
Stability Conditions
99(11)
Deterioration in Quality and Soundness
101(6)
Shortfalls in Access and Functioning
107(3)
Transformability Conditions
110(5)
Performance and Profitability
111(4)
Sustainability Conditions
115(2)
Diversification of Investment Portfolio
115(2)
Strengthened Policies for Risk Management
117(1)
Capital Market: A Framework
117(1)
Stability Conditions
118(4)
Size of the Market
119(2)
Access to the Market
121(1)
Transformability Conditions
122(3)
Efficiency of the Market
122(1)
Risk Control Mechanisms
123(1)
Price-Earnings (P/E) Ratio
124(1)
Sustainability Conditions
125(3)
Linking the Banking Sector and Stock Market
126(1)
Growing Importance of Financial Sector in Pandemic Era
127(1)
Concluding Remarks
128(1)
References
129(2)
5 Education In Bangladesh
131(28)
Introduction
131(3)
Stability Conditions
134(11)
Increasing Access to Education
135(3)
Low Skill Formation and Innovation
138(3)
Waning Citizenship Education
141(2)
Disruptions Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
143(2)
Transformability Conditions
145(7)
Augmenting Secondary Education
145(2)
Vocational and Technical Education for Skilled Workforce
147(1)
Emphasis on Tertiary Education
147(3)
Quality Provisioning
150(1)
Access to Educational Infrastructure
151(1)
Sustainability Conditions
152(3)
Concluding Remarks
155(1)
References
156(3)
6 Health In Bangladesh
159(18)
Introduction
159(3)
Stability Conditions
162(5)
Low Public Expenditure
163(1)
Inequality in Health Outcomes and Access
164(2)
High Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOP)
166(1)
Transformability Conditions
167(4)
Budget Allocation for Universal Healthcare
168(2)
Ensuring Universal Healthcare System
170(1)
Sustainability Conditions
171(2)
Moving Towards Quality Health Service
172(1)
Capacity to Absorb Shocks: Healthcare During the COVID-19 Pandemic
173(1)
Concluding Remarks
173(2)
References
175(2)
7 Poverty And Inequality In Bangladesh
177(50)
Introduction
177(4)
Stability Conditions
181(30)
Slow Reduction
182(3)
Persistent Regional Differences
185(2)
Inadequate Investment in Education and Health
187(1)
Declining Real Wage and Rising Inequality
188(2)
Absence of Universal Social Security
190(2)
Rising Trend in Income Inequality
192(1)
Growing Concentration and Centralisation of Income
193(1)
Consumption and Nutritional Inequality
194(2)
Inequality in Food and Nutrition Intakes
196(1)
Gender Inequality in Literacy and Education
197(2)
Gender Disparity in Participation and Earnings
199(1)
Fiscal Policy--Dependence on Regressive Taxes
200(4)
New Poor Driven by Covid-19
204(1)
Inequality Propelled by Covid-19
205(6)
Transformability Conditions
211(4)
Policies of Active Restraint
211(1)
Institutional Provisioning for Skilled Labour
212(1)
Public Financing for Coping
212(2)
Social Security in the Post-pandemic Era
214(1)
Sustainability Conditions
215(5)
Policies for Resilience
216(1)
Accountable and Equalising State
217(1)
Strengthening Social Contract
218(1)
A Human-Nature Compatibility
219(1)
Concluding Remarks
220(2)
References
222(5)
8 Conclusions: Institutions, Political Settlement And Economic Outcome
227(14)
Power, Institutions and Economy
230(3)
Institutions and the Economy
233(5)
Growth and Real Sectors
234(1)
Financial Sector
235(1)
Education and Health
236(1)
Poverty and Inequality
236(2)
References
238(3)
Index 241
Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir is a Professor of Economics at the Department of Development Studies of the University of Dhaka. He has worked in diverse constituencies, namely, academia, governments, think-tanks, international organisations and media. He has led numerous projects for diverse organisations including governments, development partners and international organisations at home and abroad.