Preface |
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ix | |
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1 Types and sources of numerical error |
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1 | (46) |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Representation of floating-point numbers |
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4 | (12) |
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1.2.1 How computers store numbers |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Binary to decimal system |
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7 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Decimal to binary system |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Binary representation of floating-point numbers |
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10 | (6) |
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1.3 Methods used to measure error |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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1.5 Round-off errors generated by floating-point operations |
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20 | (6) |
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1.6 Taylor series and truncation error |
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26 | (13) |
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1.6.1 Order of magnitude estimation of truncation error |
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28 | (4) |
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1.6.2 Convergence of a series |
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32 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Finite difference formulas for numerical differentiation |
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33 | (6) |
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1.7 Criteria for convergence |
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39 | (1) |
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1.8 End of Chapter 1: key points to consider |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (6) |
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46 | (1) |
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2 Systems of linear equations |
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47 | (94) |
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47 | (6) |
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2.2 Fundamentals of linear algebra |
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53 | (22) |
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2.2.1 Vectors and matrices |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (8) |
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2.2.3 Vector and matrix norms |
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64 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Linear combinations of vectors |
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66 | (3) |
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2.2.5 Vector spaces and basis vectors |
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69 | (2) |
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2.2.6 Rank, determinant, and inverse of matrices |
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71 | (4) |
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2.3 Matrix representation of a system of linear equations |
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75 | (1) |
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2.4 Gaussian elimination with backward substitution |
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76 | (11) |
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2.4.1 Gaussian elimination without pivoting |
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76 | (8) |
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2.4.2 Gaussian elimination with pivoting |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (9) |
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2.5.1 LU factorization without pivoting |
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88 | (5) |
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2.5.2 LU factorization with pivoting |
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93 | (2) |
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2.5.3 The MATLAB lu function |
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95 | (1) |
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2.6 The MATLAB backslash (\) operator |
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96 | (1) |
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2.7 III-conditioned problems and the condition number |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (6) |
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2.9 Curve fitting using linear least-squares approximation |
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107 | (11) |
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2.9.1 The normal equations |
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109 | (6) |
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2.9.2 Coefficient of determination and quality of fit |
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115 | (3) |
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2.10 Linear least-squares approximation of transformed equations |
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118 | (5) |
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2.11 Multivariable linear least-squares regression |
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123 | (1) |
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2.12 The MATLAB function polyfit |
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124 | (1) |
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2.13 End of Chapter 2: key points to consider |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (12) |
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139 | (2) |
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3 Probability and statistics |
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141 | (68) |
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141 | (3) |
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3.2 Characterizing a population: descriptive statistics |
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144 | (3) |
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3.2.1 Measures of central tendency |
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145 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Measures of dispersion |
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146 | (1) |
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3.3 Concepts from probability |
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147 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Random sampling and probability |
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149 | (5) |
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3.3.2 Combinatorics: permutations and combinations |
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154 | (3) |
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3.4 Discrete probability distributions |
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157 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Binomial distribution |
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159 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Poisson distribution |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (20) |
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3.5.1 Continuous probability distributions |
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167 | (2) |
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3.5.2 Normal probability density |
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169 | (2) |
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3.5.3 Expectations of sample-derived statistics |
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171 | (4) |
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3.5.4 Standard normal distribution and the z statistic |
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175 | (2) |
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3.5.5 Confidence intervals using the z statistic and the t statistic |
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177 | (6) |
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3.5.6 Non-normal samples and the central-limit theorem |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (5) |
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3.6.1 Addition/subtraction of random variables |
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187 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Multiplication/division of random variables |
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188 | (2) |
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3.6.3 General functional relationship between two random variables |
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190 | (1) |
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3.7 Linear regression error |
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191 | (8) |
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3.7.1 Error in model parameters |
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193 | (3) |
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3.7.2 Error in model predictions |
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196 | (3) |
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3.8 End of Chapter 3: key points to consider |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (6) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (101) |
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209 | (1) |
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4.2 Formulating a hypothesis |
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210 | (9) |
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4.2.1 Designing a scientific study |
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211 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Null and alternate hypotheses |
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217 | (102) |
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219 | (12) |
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4.3.1 The p value and assessing statistical significance |
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220 | (6) |
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4.3.2 Type I and type II errors |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Choosing a hypothesis test |
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230 | (1) |
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4.4 Parametric tests and assessing normality |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (9) |
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235 | (6) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (7) |
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4.6.1 One-sample and paired sample t tests |
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244 | (5) |
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4.6.2 Independent two-sample t test |
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249 | (2) |
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4.7 Hypothesis testing for population proportions |
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251 | (9) |
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4.7.1 Hypothesis testing for a single population proportion |
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256 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Hypothesis testing for two population proportions |
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257 | (3) |
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260 | (14) |
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4.9 Chi-square tests for nominal scale data |
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274 | (14) |
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4.9.1 Goodness-of-fit test |
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276 | (5) |
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4.9.2 Test of independence |
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281 | (4) |
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4.9.3 Test of homogeneity |
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285 | (3) |
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4.10 More on non-parametric (distribution-free) tests |
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288 | (11) |
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289 | (3) |
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4.10.2 Wilcoxon signed-rank test |
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292 | (4) |
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4.10.3 Wilcoxon rank-sum test |
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296 | (3) |
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4.11 End of Chapter 4: key points to consider |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (9) |
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308 | (2) |
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5 Root-finding techniques for nonlinear equations |
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310 | (44) |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (7) |
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319 | (1) |
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5.4 Fixed-point iteration |
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320 | (7) |
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327 | (9) |
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329 | (7) |
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336 | (2) |
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5.7 Solving systems of nonlinear equations |
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338 | (8) |
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5.8 MATLAB function fzero |
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346 | (2) |
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5.9 End of Chapter 5: key points to consider |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (4) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (55) |
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354 | (7) |
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6.2 Polynomial interpolation |
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361 | (10) |
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6.3 Newton---Cotes formulas |
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371 | (16) |
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372 | (8) |
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380 | (4) |
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384 | (3) |
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6.4 Richardson's extrapolation and Romberg integration |
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387 | (4) |
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391 | (11) |
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6.6 End of Chapter 6: key points to consider |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (5) |
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408 | (1) |
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7 Numerical integration of ordinary differential equations |
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409 | (71) |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (22) |
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7.2.1 Euler's forward method |
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416 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Euler's backward method |
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417 | (11) |
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7.2.3 Modified Euler's method |
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428 | (3) |
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7.3 Runge-Kutta (RK) methods |
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431 | (9) |
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7.3.1 Second-order RK methods |
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434 | (4) |
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7.3.2 Fourth-order RK methods |
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438 | (2) |
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7.4 Adaptive step size methods |
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440 | (11) |
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7.5 Multistep ODE solvers |
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451 | (5) |
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452 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Predictor-corrector methods |
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454 | (2) |
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7.6 Stability and stiff equations |
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456 | (5) |
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7.7 Shooting method for boundary-value problems |
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461 | (11) |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (8) |
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7.8 End of Chapter 7: key points to consider |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (5) |
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478 | (2) |
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8 Nonlinear model regression and optimization |
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480 | (59) |
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480 | (7) |
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8.2 Unconstrained single-variable optimization |
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487 | (13) |
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488 | (4) |
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8.2.2 Successive parabolic interpolation |
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492 | (3) |
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8.2.3 Golden section search method |
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495 | (5) |
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8.3 Unconstrained multivariable optimization |
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500 | (23) |
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8.3.1 Steepest descent or gradient method |
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502 | (7) |
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8.3.2 Multidimensional Newton's method |
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509 | (4) |
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513 | (10) |
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8.4 Constrained nonlinear optimization |
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523 | (7) |
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8.5 Nonlinear error analysis |
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530 | (3) |
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8.6 End of Chapter 8: key points to consider |
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533 | (1) |
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534 | (4) |
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538 | (1) |
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9 Basic algorithms of bioinformatics |
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539 | (21) |
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539 | (1) |
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9.2 Sequence alignment and database searches |
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540 | (14) |
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9.3 Phylogenetic trees using distance-based methods |
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554 | (3) |
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9.4 End of Chapter 9: key points to consider |
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557 | (1) |
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558 | (1) |
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558 | (2) |
Appendix A Introduction to MATLAB |
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560 | (16) |
Appendix B Location of nodes for Gauss-Legendre quadrature |
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576 | (2) |
Index for MATLAB commands |
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578 | (1) |
Index |
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579 | |