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E-raamat: Obesogenic Environments: Complexities, Perceptions and Objective Measures

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Edited by (University of Newcastle), Edited by (Northumbria University), Edited by (University of Newcastle)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jun-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781444347821
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Obesogenic Environments: Complexities, Perceptions and Objective MeasuresSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jun-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781444347821
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"The obesogenic environment describes the sum of influences that our surroundings, opportunities or conditions of life have on promoting obesity in individuals or populations. In a world where obesity has now reached epidemic proportions, a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of the problem is essential if public health initiatives and government policies are to successfully address the issue. Beginning with an overarching introduction to obesity and its implications for health and wellbeing,the book will move on to consider such crucial areas as eating behaviours and food environments, physical activity and food access. This groundbreaking book brings together for the first time the knowledge of dietitians, epidemiologists and town plannersin order to offer a multidisciplinary approach to public health, suggesting new and exciting ways to shape our environment to better support healthful decisions"--Provided by publisher.



In a world where obesity has now reached epidemic proportions, a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of the problem is essential if society, public health initiatives and government policies are to successfully address the issue. The obesogenic environment describes all the possible influences that our environment presents which encourage overweight and obesity in individuals and populations.

Beginning with an overarching introduction to obesity and its implications for health and wellbeing, the book will move on to consider such crucial areas as eating behaviours and food environments, physical activity and the environment, the urban environment, methods, policy and future research directions.

  • Brings together expertise from across a range of disciplines
  • Written by a truly multidisciplinary team of international authors
  • Presents some of the most innovative thinking in the battle against obesity

This groundbreaking book brings together for the first time the knowledge of experts with backgrounds in nutrition and dietetics, policy, epidemiology, environmental sciences, medical sciences, town planning and urban design, transport, geography and physical activity in order to offer a multidisciplinary approach to public health, suggesting new and exciting ways to shape our environment to better support healthful decisions.

Arvustused

"However, one of its strengths is that it helps demonstrate that obesity, just like road deaths, cannot be blamed on individual responsibility." (Manchester Climate Monthly, 5 March 2012) "This is a useful guide for public health practitioners interested in understanding current evidence and data for interventions around food and physical activity environments and policies. To my knowledge, this is the first book to take an entirely environmental and policy approach to looking at obesity influences across the lifespan." (Doody's, 26 August 2011)

"Obesogenic Enviornments: Complexities, Perception and Objective Meaures, is a ground-breaking book because, for the first time, it takes a mutidisciplinary approach to public health". (NHD - Network Health Dietitians, 1 November 2010)

"This book considers environmental factors which encourage overweight and obesity, including those having an impact on physical activity, food intake and eating behaviour".

Contributors xi
About the Editors xv
Dedication xvii
Acknowledgements xix
1 An International Perspective on Obesity and Obesogenic Environments
1(10)
W. Philip
T. James
Rachel Jackson-Leach
Neville Rigby
1.1 Introduction: the emergence of obesity
1(1)
1.2 The magnitude of the problem
2(1)
1.3 The basis for the current underestimated burden of obesity
2(2)
1.4 Individual susceptibility to weight gain and the persistence of obesity
4(1)
1.5 The environmental basis for the obesity epidemic
4(7)
2 Towards Transdisciplinary Approaches to Tackle Obesity
11(10)
Tim G. Townshend
Louisa Ells
Seraphim Alvanides
Amelia A. Lake
2.1 The focus on interdisciplinary research
11(1)
2.2 Defining modes of interdisciplinarity
12(1)
2.3 The complexity of obesity
13(2)
2.4 The challenge of interdisciplinary understanding
15(2)
2.4.1 Lessons from the field of sustainability
15(1)
2.4.2 Language as a barrier
16(1)
2.4.3 Academic positioning
16(1)
2.4.4 Summary of barriers
17(1)
2.5 Interdisciplinary policy and practice
17(1)
2.6 Discussion
18(3)
3 Walkability, Neighbourhood Design and Obesity
21(20)
Jennifer Robertson-Wilson
Billie Giles-Corti
3.1 Introduction
21(1)
3.2 What is walkability?
21(2)
3.3 Measuring walkability
23(1)
3.4 Linking neighbourhood design aspects of walkability to obesity
23(1)
3.4.1 Walkability and obesity
23(1)
3.5 Breaking down walkability
24(2)
3.5.1 Density
24(2)
3.5.2 Land use mix
26(1)
3.5.3 Street connectivity
26(1)
3.6 Urban sprawl, geographic location and obesity
26(1)
3.7 Other design features and obesity
27(1)
3.8 Neighbourhood design as a moderator
28(1)
3.9 Summary of findings and future directions in research on the impact of neighbourhood design and/or walkability and obesity?
28(6)
3.9.1 Study design
29(2)
3.9.2 Neighbourhood definition
31(1)
3.9.3 Measurement
32(2)
3.10 Summary
34(7)
4 Availability and Accessibility in Physical Activity Environments
41(22)
Andy Jones
Jenna Panter
4.1 Introduction
41(1)
4.2 The concept of availability and accessibility
41(4)
4.3 Perceived and objective measures of the physical activity environment
45(4)
4.3.1 Perceived measures of the environment
45(2)
4.3.2 Objective measures of the environment
47(2)
4.4 Comparing perceived and objective measures
49(1)
4.5 Relationships with utilisation
50(1)
4.6 Equity of access and facility provision
51(4)
4.7 Conclusions
55(8)
5 Defining and Mapping Obesogenic Environments for Children
63(18)
Kimberley L. Edwards
5.1 Children's obesogenic environments
63(2)
5.2 Advantages of mapping obesogenic environments in children
65(1)
5.3 How to map obesogenic environments - data representation
66(3)
5.4 Problems with spatial data
69(2)
5.5 Spatial analysis techniques
71(4)
5.6 Conclusion
75(1)
5.7 Acknowledgements
76(5)
6 Objective Measurement of Children's Physical Activity in the Environment: UK Perspective
81(16)
Ashley Cooper
Angie Page
6.1 UK policy and research context
81(1)
6.2 A brief review of current studies in the United Kingdom
82(2)
6.2.1 CAPABLE: Children's Activities, Perceptions and Behaviour in the Local Environment
82(1)
6.2.2 SPEEDY: Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young people
82(1)
6.2.3 PEACH: Personal and Environmental Associations with Children's Health
83(1)
6.3 Objective measurement in physical activity research
84(7)
6.3.1 Motion sensors
84(3)
6.3.2 Use of GPS to investigate children's spatial mobility
87(2)
6.3.3 Combining GPS and accelerometry
89(2)
6.4 Conclusion
91(6)
7 Physical Activity and Environments Which Promote Active Living in Youth (US)
97(20)
H. Mollie Greves Grow
Brian E. Saelens
7.1 Introduction
97(1)
7.1.1 Background
97(1)
7.2 Case examples
98(2)
7.3 School and child care
100(5)
7.3.1 Active transport to school
100(2)
7.3.2 Within-school environments
102(2)
7.3.3 After-school programs
104(1)
7.3.4 Child care settings
104(1)
7.4 Community settings (home/neighbourhood)
105(4)
7.4.1 Young children
105(1)
7.4.2 School-age children and adolescents
106(3)
7.5 Conclusions and future research
109(8)
8 Active Travel
117(16)
Roger L. Mackett
8.1 The potential for active travel
117(1)
8.2 Trends in active travel
118(1)
8.3 Barriers to active travel
119(4)
8.4 Overcoming the barriers to active travel
123(3)
8.5 Policies and measures to increase the volume of active travel
126(1)
8.6 The effectiveness of policies and measures to increase the volume of active travel
127(1)
8.7 Conclusions
128(5)
9 Greenspace, Obesity and Health: Evidence and Issues
133(16)
Caroline Brown
9.1 Introduction
133(1)
9.2 Greenspace, health and obesity
133(2)
9.3 Greenspace, obesity and food
135(2)
9.4 Greenspace and physical activity
137(3)
9.4.1 Greenspace as a setting for exercise
137(2)
9.4.2 Greenspace as a motivation for exercise
139(1)
9.5 Greenspace and children's health
140(1)
9.6 Greenspace provision and policy
141(4)
9.6.1 The historic context
142(1)
9.6.2 The institutional context
142(1)
9.6.3 The policy context
143(2)
9.7 Conclusions
145(4)
10 Eating Behaviours and the Food Environment
149(16)
Kylie Ball
David Crawford
Anna Timperio
Jo Salmon
10.1 Introduction
149(1)
10.2 Which eating behaviours influence obesity risk?
149(1)
10.3 What do we know about the influence of the food environment on eating behaviours?
150(1)
10.4 Adults
150(3)
10.4.1 Observational studies
150(1)
10.4.2 Experimental studies
151(2)
10.5 Children and adolescents
153(2)
10.5.1 Observational studies
153(1)
10.5.2 Experimental studies
154(1)
10.6 Summary of evidence
155(1)
10.7 How should we interpret existing evidence?
155(1)
10.8 Defining the neighbourhood environment
155(3)
10.8.1 Should we assess subjective or objective food environments?
156(1)
10.8.2 The importance of understanding the behavioural context
157(1)
10.8.3 Are existing conceptual models adequate and appropriate?
157(1)
10.9 Conclusions and future research directions
158(7)
11 Food Policy and Food Governance - Changing Behaviours
165(18)
Amelia A. Lake
Jane L. Midgley
11.1 Introduction
165(3)
11.2 Dietary guidelines and recommendations with reference to obesity prevention
168(1)
11.3 Individual versus the environment
168(1)
11.4 Food policy
169(6)
11.4.1 The overarching food policy landscape
170(1)
11.4.2 Public health
171(1)
11.4.3 Agriculture
172(1)
11.4.4 Planning policy
173(2)
11.5 Food provision and food access
175(2)
11.6 Future for food policy
177(6)
12 Neighbourhood Histories and Health: Social Deprivation and Food Retailing in Christchurch, New Zealand, 1966-2005
183(16)
Jamie Pearce
Peter Day
12.1 Introduction
183(4)
12.1.1 Data and methods
186(1)
12.2 Results
187(6)
12.3 Discussion
193(1)
12.4 Conclusion
194(1)
12.5 Acknowledgement
195(4)
13 Environmental Correlates of Nutrition and Physical Activity: Moving Beyond the Promise
199(16)
Frank J. van Lenthe
Johnannes Brug
13.1 Introduction
199(1)
13.2 Environmental correlates of physical activity and diet: underlying reasons for promising findings
199(1)
13.3 Environmental correlates of physical activity
200(2)
13.4 Environmental correlates of diet
202(1)
13.5 Moving beyond the promise: a research agenda
202(9)
13.5.1 Providing robust answers to the right questions
203(1)
13.5.2 Development and application of a true socio-ecological theory
204(1)
13.5.3 Integrating different elements of the environment
205(1)
13.5.4 Improving the measurement of (physical) environmental characteristics
206(2)
13.5.5 Exploring environmental-individual interactions
208(1)
13.5.6 Improving statistical methods: beyond multilevel modelling
208(1)
13.5.7 Improving causality
209(1)
13.5.8 Taking the broader context into account
210(1)
13.6 Concluding remark
211(4)
14 Obesogenic Environments: Challenges and Opportunities
215(6)
Seraphim Alvanides
Tim G. Townshend
Amelia A. Lake
14.1 Introduction
215(1)
14.2 Complexities
215(2)
14.3 Perceptions
217(1)
14.4 Objective measures
218(1)
14.5 Future directions
219(2)
Index 221
Dr Amelia A Lake, Senior Lecturer in Food and Nutrition, Applied Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK Tim Townshend, Director of Planning and Urban Design & Senior Lecturer in Urban Design, School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, Newcastle University, UK

Dr Seraphim Alvanides, Reader in GISc and the Built Env, Northumbria University, UK
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