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E-raamat: Onboard Computers, Onboard Software and Satellite Operations: An Introduction

  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Aerospace Technology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Nov-2011
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642251702
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Aerospace Technology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Nov-2011
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642251702

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This book is intended as a system engineer's compendium, explaining the dependencies and technical interactions between the onboard computer hardware, the onboard software and the spacecraft operations from ground. After a brief introduction on the subsequent development in all three fields over the spacecraft engineering phases each of the main topis is treated in depth in a separate part.The features of today's onboard computers are explained at hand of their historic evolution over the decades from the early days of spaceflight up to today. Latest system-on-chip processor architectures are treated as well as all onboard computer major components.After the onboard computer hardware the corresponding software is treated in a separate part. Both the software static architecture as well as the dynamic architecture are covered, and development technologies as well as software verification approaches are included.Following these two parts on the onboard architecture, the last part covers the concepts of spacecraft operations from ground. This includes the nominal operations concepts, the redundancy concept and the topic of failure detection, isolation and recovery.The baseline examples in the book are taken from the domain of satellites and deep space probes. The principles and many cited standards on spacecraft commanding, hardware and software however also apply to other space applications like launchers. The book is equally applicable for students as well for system engineers in space industry.

This system engineer's compendium explores the dependencies and technical interactions between a spacecraft's onboard computer hardware, onboard software and spacecraft operations from ground. Covers system-on-chip processor architectures and much more.
List of Abbreviations
xv
Part I Context
1 Introduction
3(4)
1.1 Design Aspects
4(2)
1.2 Onboard Computers and Data Links
6(1)
2 Mission / Spacecraft Analysis and Design
7(14)
2.1 Phases and Tasks in Spacecraft Development
8(1)
2.2 Phase A - Mission Analysis
9(1)
2.3 Phase B - Spacecraft Design Definition
10(4)
2.4 Phase C - Spacecraft Design Refinement
14(1)
2.5 Phase D - Spacecraft Flight Model Production
15(6)
2.5.1 Launcher Selection
15(1)
2.5.2 Launch and Early Orbit Phase Engineering
16(1)
2.5.3 Onboard Software and Hardware Design Freeze
17(4)
Part II Onboard Computers
3 Historic Introduction to Onboard Computers
21(30)
3.1 Human Space Mission OBCs
23(11)
3.1.1 The NASA Mercury Program
23(1)
3.1.2 The NASA Gemini Program
24(5)
3.1.3 The NASA Apollo Program
29(3)
3.1.4 The Space Shuttle Program
32(2)
3.2 Satellite and Space Probe OBCs
34(15)
3.2.1 The Generation of digital Sequencers
34(1)
3.2.2 Transistor based OBCs with CMOS Memory
35(3)
3.2.3 Microprocessors in a Space Probe
38(3)
3.2.4 MIL Standard Processors and Ada Programming
41(1)
3.2.5 RISC Processors and Operating Systems on Board
42(4)
3.2.6 Today's Technology: Systems on Chip
46(3)
3.3 Onboard Computers of Specific Missions
49(2)
4 Onboard Computer Main Elements
51(20)
4.1 Processors and Top-level Architecture
54(2)
4.2 Computer Memory
56(2)
4.3 Data Buses, Networks and Point-to-Point Connections
58(4)
4.3.1 OBC Equipment Interconnections
58(1)
4.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B
58(2)
4.3.3 SpaceWire
60(1)
4.3.4 CAN-Bus
61(1)
4.4 Transponder Interface
62(2)
4.5 Command Pulse Decoding Unit
64(1)
4.6 Reconfiguration Units
65(1)
4.7 Debug and Service Interfaces
66(2)
4.8 Power Supply
68(1)
4.9 Thermal Control Equipment
69(2)
5 OBC Mechanical Design
71(4)
6 OBC Development
75(6)
6.1 OBC Model Philosophy
76(4)
6.2 OBC Manufacturing Processes
80(1)
7 Special Onboard Computers
81(6)
Part III Onboard Software
8 Onboard Software Static Architecture
87(32)
8.1 Onboard Software Functions
88(3)
8.2 Operating System and Drivers Layer
91(1)
8.3 Equipment Handlers and OBSW Data Pool
92(2)
8.4 Application Layer
94(1)
8.5 OBSW Interaction with Ground Control
95(6)
8.6 Service-based OBSW Architecture
101(10)
8.7 Telecommand Routing and High Priority Commands
111(2)
8.8 Telemetry Downlink and Multiplexing
113(2)
8.9 Service Interface Stub
115(1)
8.10 Failure Detection, Isolation and Recovery
116(1)
8.11 OBSW Kernel
117(2)
9 Onboard Software Dynamic Architecture
119(10)
9.1 Internal Task Scheduling
120(2)
9.2 Channel Acquisition Scheduling
122(3)
9.3 FDIR Handling
125(1)
9.4 Onboard Control Procedures
126(2)
9.5 Service Interface Data Supply
128(1)
10 Onboard Software Development
129(36)
10.1 Onboard Software Functional Analysis
130(2)
10.2 Onboard Software Requirements Definition
132(3)
10.3 Software Design
135(12)
10.3.1 Structured Analysis & Design Technique
136(2)
10.3.2 Hierarchic Object-Oriented Design
138(2)
10.3.3 The Unified Modeling Language - UML
140(7)
10.4 Software Implementation and Coding
147(1)
10.5 Software Verification and Testing
148(17)
10.5.1 Functional Verification Bench (FVB)
150(2)
10.5.2 Software Verification Facility (SVF)
152(4)
10.5.3 Hybrid System Testbed (STB)
156(4)
10.5.4 Electrical Functional Model (EFM)
160(3)
10.5.5 Onboard Software Test Sequence
163(2)
11 OBSW Development Process and Standards
165(14)
11.1 Software Engineering Standards - Overview
166(3)
11.2 Software Classification According to Criticality
169(1)
11.3 Software Standard Application Example
170(9)
Part IV Satellite Operations
12 Mission Types and Operations Goals
179(6)
13 The Spacecraft Operability Concept
185(48)
13.1 Spacecraft Commandability Concept
187(1)
13.2 Spacecraft Configuration Handling Concept
187(2)
13.3 PUS Tailoring Concept
189(1)
13.4 Onboard Process ID Concept
190(1)
13.5 Task Scheduling and Channel Acquisition Concept
191(1)
13.6 The Spacecraft Mode Concept
192(4)
13.6.1 Operational Phases
192(1)
13.6.2 System and Subsystem Modes
193(3)
13.6.3 Equipment States versus Satellite Modes
196(1)
13.7 Mission Timelines
196(4)
13.7.1 LEOP Timeline
197(1)
13.7.2 Commissioning Phase Timeline
198(1)
13.7.3 Nominal Operations Phase Timeline
199(1)
13.8 Operational Sequences Concept
200(3)
13.9 System Authentication Concept
203(1)
13.10 Spacecraft Observability Concept
204(2)
13.11 Synchronization and Datation Concept
206(2)
13.12 Science Data Management Concept
208(1)
13.13 Uplink and Downlink Concept
208(3)
13.14 Autonomy Concept
211(5)
13.14.1 Definitions and Classifications
211(3)
13.14.2 Implementations of Autonomy and their Focus
214(1)
13.14.3 Autonomy Implementation Conclusions
215(1)
13.15 Redundancy Concept
216(3)
13.16 FDIR Concept
219(6)
13.16.1 FDIR Requirements
220(1)
13.16.2 FDIR Approach
220(2)
13.16.3 FDIR and Safeguarding Hierarchy
222(1)
13.16.4 Safe Mode Implementation
223(2)
13.17 Satellite Operations Constraints
225(1)
13.18 Flight Procedures and Testing
226(7)
14 Mission Operations Infrastructure
233(10)
14.1 The Flight Operations Infrastructure
234(6)
14.2 Support Infrastructure
240(3)
15 Bringing a Satellite into Operation
243(10)
15.1 Mission Operations Preparation
244(2)
15.2 Launch and LEOP Activities
246(4)
15.3 Platform and Payload Commissioning Activities
250(3)
Annex: Autonomy Implementation Examples
253(8)
Autonomous onboard SW / HW Components
254(1)
Improvement Technology - Optimizing the Mission Product
255(3)
Enabling Technology - Autonomous OBSW for Deep Space Probes
258(3)
References 261(16)
Index 277