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This book examines online jihadist magazines published by three terrorist organizations and their aggressive promotion of the Caliphate. This book extends existing research by offering fresh insights on the communicative strategies, radicalization processes, and recruitment methods used by jihadist organizations and their effects on readers.

This book examines online jihadist magazines, Inspire, Dabiq, Rumiyah, and Gaidi Mtaani, published by three terrorist organizations—Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Al-Shabaab—and their aggressive promotion of the Caliphate, an Islamic system of world government that seeks to create a new world order ruled by sharia. These magazines have played an important role in the diffusion of Islamist ideas such as jihad and sharia (Islamic law).

Divided into ten chapters, this book extends existing research by offering fresh insights on the communicative strategies, radicalization processes, and recruitment methods used by jihadist organizations as well as their effects on readers. In particular, this book includes (1) the application of communication theories and models to both global jihad and online jihadist propaganda; (2) meticulous descriptions of the four online jihadist magazines in question (in terms of their missions, stylistic formats, and tactics), including excerpts from each magazine; (3) a thorough explanation of the jihadisphere (e.g., as a vehicle for extreme propaganda and an overarching "training manual" for jihad); (4) the procedures and complexities of online Islamic radicalization; and (5) strategies to combat online jihadist magazines (e.g., by developing counter-narratives and online counter-radicalization magazines).

List of Tables
xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(24)
The Advantages of the Internet for Jihadism
2(1)
Why Are Online Jihadist Magazines the Medium of Choice?
3(3)
An Ideal Medium Through the Internet
3(1)
The Power of Visual and Textual Information
4(1)
The Communicative Power of Online Jihadist Magazines
5(1)
Islamist Ideology and the Caliphate
6(1)
Contributions of This Book
7(2)
Other Objectives of This Book
9(2)
Examining Online Jihadist Magazines, Not Online Hacking
9(1)
Advancing Communication Theories vis-a-Vis Jihadist Magazines
10(1)
Exploring Similarities and Differences Between Jihadist Magazines
11(1)
Identifying Gaps in Past Research
11(2)
Summary of All
Chapters
13(5)
Notes
18(3)
References
21(4)
Chapter 2 Terrorism, Islam, and the Pursuit of the Caliphate
25(36)
Terrorism: Definitions
25(3)
International Perspectives
26(1)
Terrorist Organizations
27(1)
Lone-Wolf Terrorism
28(3)
Lone-Wolf Terrorism Is Easier Today
29(1)
Lone-Wolf Terrorism in the West
30(1)
Islam: A Description
31(3)
Muslim Population Growth
31(1)
The Quran
32(1)
The Principle of Abrogation
33(1)
Islamism and Sharia
34(3)
Sharia
35(1)
Sharia and Human Rights
36(1)
Jihad: A Description
37(4)
Salafism
39(2)
The Principle of Ijtihad
41(1)
The Caliphate
41(5)
The Muslim Brotherhood
42(1)
Driven by Jihad
43(1)
Clash of Civilizations
44(2)
Notes
46(7)
References
53(8)
Chapter 3 Understanding Jihad Through Communication Theories
61(30)
Social Identity Theory
61(5)
Ingroup vs. Outgroup
62(1)
Social Dominance Orientation
63(1)
Dar al-Islam vs. Dar al-Harb
64(2)
Agenda-Setting Theory
66(6)
Framing Theory
67(1)
Persuasion
68(3)
Propaganda
71(1)
Diffusion of Innovations Theory
72(3)
Categories of Adopters and Opinion Leadership
73(1)
Memetic Engineering
74(1)
Symbolic Convergence Theory
75(3)
Fantasy Themes
76(1)
Symbolic Cues
76(1)
Fantasy Types
77(1)
Sagas
77(1)
Speech Codes Theory
78(1)
Notes
79(5)
References
84(7)
Chapter 4 Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Al-Shabaab
91(26)
Al-Qaeda
92(3)
Al-Qaeda's Beliefs
92(1)
Al-Qaeda's Techniques
93(1)
New Leadership and Transformations
94(1)
The Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)
95(7)
ISIS's Beliefs
95(1)
ISIS's Strategic Military Campaign
96(1)
Revival of the Islamic Caliphate
97(1)
More ISIS, More Lone-Wolf Attacks
98(1)
Foreign Fighters
98(1)
ISIS's Loss of Territorial Control
99(1)
ISIS's Propaganda Strategy
100(2)
Al-Shabaab
102(5)
Al-Shabaab's Origins
102(1)
Al-Shabaab's Beliefs
103(1)
Al-Shabaab's Operations
103(1)
The "Benevolent" Terrorists
104(1)
Pressure on the Kenyan Government
105(1)
Al-Shabaab's Online Strategies
106(1)
Notes
107(4)
References
111(6)
Chapter 5 The Jihadisphere of Online Magazines
117(28)
Internet's Opportunities for Terrorists
118(4)
The Internet as Pharmakon
119(1)
A Phenomenon of Globalization
120(1)
Parallel Globalization of Terror
121(1)
Jihadisphere
122(1)
Keyboard Warriors
122(1)
Reaching the Global Digital Ummah
123(1)
Online Jihadist Magazines
123(2)
Brief History of Terrorist Magazines
124(1)
Jihadist Magazines Today
125(1)
Five Functions of Online Jihadist Magazines
125(4)
A Form of Strategic Communication
125(1)
A Vehicle for Violent Propaganda
126(1)
A Social Construction of Reality
127(1)
A Recruiting Tool
127(1)
A Training Manual
128(1)
Narratives of J ihadist Magazines
129(7)
Cultural Resonance
130(1)
Jihadist Narratives
131(1)
Five Categories
132(1)
Single Narrative: New Islamic World Order
133(2)
Legitimacy
135(1)
Notes
136(5)
References
141(4)
Chapter 6 Inspire, Dabiq, Rumiyah, and Gaidi Mtaani
145(34)
Inspire
146(6)
Origins of Inspire
146(1)
Style and Objectives of Inspire
147(1)
Not Just for Muslim Youth
148(1)
Al-Qaeda's Single Narrative
149(1)
Open Source Jihad
150(1)
Inspire's Magazine Issues
151(1)
Dabiq
152(6)
The Real Meaning of Dabiq
152(1)
Dabiq's Objectives
153(1)
Call for Migration
154(1)
Apocalyptic Language
155(1)
Emotional Language
156(1)
Intimidation
157(1)
Provocation
157(1)
Rumiyah
158(6)
Speculations about the Name Change
159(1)
Rumiyah's Objectives
159(1)
Rumiyah's "Just Terror Tactics"
160(1)
Comparison with Dabiq
161(1)
Rumiyah's Magazine Issues
162(2)
Gaidi Mtaani
164(3)
Gaidi Mtaani's Objectives
164(1)
"Terrorist" as a Badge of Honor
165(1)
Targeting Kenya's Policies
166(1)
Notes
167(5)
References
172(7)
Chapter 7 Islamic Radicalization Through Online Magazines
179(36)
Radicalization: Definitions
179(3)
Fundamentalism
181(1)
Rejection of Diversity
181(1)
Islamic Radicalization
182(5)
Islamic Radicalization Through Social Movement Theory
183(1)
Four Radical Islamic Conversion Categories
184(1)
Who Is Susceptible to Islamic Radicalization?
185(1)
Islamic Radicalization of Disaffected Youth
186(1)
Islamic Radicalization Linked to Poverty?
186(1)
Islamic Radicalization Linked to Psychological Factors?
187(1)
How Online Islamic Radicalization Works
187(3)
Sedentarists and Self-Starters
188(1)
Radical Daiuah and Digitalized Ummah
189(1)
Four-Stage Jihadization Process
189(1)
Islamic Radicalization Through Online Jihadist Magazines
190(9)
Inspire's Radicalization of Readers
191(2)
Dabiq's Radicalization of Readers
193(2)
Rumryah's Radicalization of Readers
195(2)
Gaidi Mtoani's Radicalization of Readers
197(2)
The Jihadisphere Replacing the Physical World?
199(1)
Notes
200(6)
References
206(9)
Chapter 8 Narrative Analysis of Online Jihadist Magazines
215(34)
Narrative Analysis
215(2)
Open Coding
217(1)
Themes
218(2)
Data Analysis
220(1)
Analysis Breakdown
221(18)
Inspire Issue 15
221(2)
Inspire Issue 16
223(1)
Inspire Issue 17
223(3)
Dabiq Issue 13
226(2)
Dabiq Issue 14
228(1)
Dabiq Issue 15
229(1)
Rumiyah Issue 11
230(3)
Rumiyah Issue 12
233(1)
Rumiyah Issue 13
233(3)
Gaidi Mtaani Issue 7
236(1)
Gaidi Mtaani Issue 8
237(2)
Gaidi Mtaani Issue 9
239(1)
Conclusions
239(6)
Five Tactics
241(1)
Recruitment Process
242(1)
Imagery
243(1)
Attrition
243(1)
Intimidation
244(1)
Spoiling
244(1)
Outbidding
245(1)
Notes
245(1)
References
246(3)
Chapter 9 Discussion and Perspectives from Communication Theories
249(20)
Online Jihadist Magazines as Adaptive Instruments
250(1)
The Caliphate, the Caliphate, and the Caliphate
251(1)
A Direct Response to Domination
251(1)
Communication Theories
252(10)
Social Identity Theory
252(2)
Agenda-Setting Theory
254(2)
Framing Theory
256(1)
Persuasion
257(2)
Propaganda
259(1)
Diffusion of Innovations Theory
259(1)
Symbolic Convergence Theory
260(1)
Speech Codes Theory
261(1)
Concluding Thoughts
262(1)
Notes
263(2)
References
265(4)
Chapter 10 Strategies to Combat Online Jihadist Magazines
269(28)
Counter-Radicalization
270(2)
The Limits of Online Censorship
272(2)
Internet Censorship in Foreign Countries
272(1)
Internet Censorship in the United States?
273(1)
Developing Counter-Narratives
274(9)
Publishing Online Counter-Radicalization Magazines
275(4)
Promoting Awareness and Education of Online Users
279(1)
Depoliticizing Islam
280(1)
Collaboration from Moderate Muslims
281(2)
The Difficulty of Defeating the Jihadist Ideology
283(5)
Idealized Versions of Scholars
284(1)
Islamism: A Totalitarian Ideology
285(1)
Muslim Reformers Not Gaining Enough Traction
286(2)
Notes
288(4)
References
292(5)
Glossary 297
Jonathan Matusitz (PhD, University of Oklahoma, 2006) is Associate Professor in the Nicholson School of Communication at the University of Central Florida. His research focuses on the role of communication in terrorism, and the globalization of culture and new media.



Andrea Madrazo (MA, University of Central Florida, 2018) is an expert in counterterrorism and intelligence in the Central Florida region. Her research brings together key aspects of national and international security with an emphasis on modern-day jihadist propaganda.



Catalina Udani is a student and research fellow at the University of Central Florida. Having completed research papers and published reports for the Global Perspectives Office at her current institution, Catalina was also a Ralph Bunche Summer Institute Scholar at Duke University in summer 2018.