Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgment |
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xxiii | |
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1 Role of Ontology in Health Care |
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1 | (18) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Impediments of the Present Investigation |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3 Role of Ontology in Cardiovascular Diseases |
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6 | (2) |
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1.4 Role of Ontology in Parkinson Diseases |
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8 | (5) |
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1.4.1 The Spread of Disease With Age and Onset of Disease |
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10 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Cost of PD for Health Care, Household |
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11 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Treatment and Medicines |
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11 | (2) |
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1.5 Role of Ontology in Depression |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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15 | (4) |
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2 A Study on Basal Ganglia Circuit and Its Relation With Movement Disorders |
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19 | (18) |
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19 | (2) |
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2.2 Anatomy and Functioning of Basal Ganglia |
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21 | (5) |
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2.2.1 The Striatum-Major Entrance to Basal Ganglia Circuitry |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Direct and Indirect Striatofugal Projections |
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23 | (2) |
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2.2.3 The STN: Another Entrance to Basal Ganglia Circuitry |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Dyskinetic Disorder |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.4 Effect of Basal Ganglia Dysfunctioning on Movement Disorders |
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29 | (2) |
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2.5 Conclusion and Future Scope |
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31 | (6) |
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31 | (6) |
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3 Extraction of Significant Association Rules Using Pre- and Post-Mining Techniques---An Analysis |
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37 | (32) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Interestingness Measures |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Pre-Mining Techniques |
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40 | (1) |
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3.2.2.1 Candidate Set Reduction Schemes |
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40 | (1) |
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3.2.2.2 Optimal Threshold Computation Schemes |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2.2.3 Weight-Based Mining Schemes |
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42 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Post-Mining Techniques |
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42 | (1) |
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3.2.3.1 Rule Pruning Schemes |
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43 | (1) |
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3.2.3.2 Schemes Using Knowledge Base |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (15) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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3.3.2.1 Pre-Mining Technique 1: Optimal Support and Confidence Threshold Value Computation Using PSO |
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46 | (2) |
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3.3.2.2 Pre-Mining Technique 2: Attribute Weight Computation Using IG Measure |
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48 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Association Rule Generation |
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50 | (1) |
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3.3.3.1 ARM Preliminaries |
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50 | (2) |
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3.3.3.2 WARM Preliminaries |
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52 | (4) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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3.4 Experiments and Results |
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59 | (4) |
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3.4.1 Parameter Settings for PSO-Based Pre-Mining Technique |
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60 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Parameter Settings for PAW-Based Pre-Mining Technique |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (6) |
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65 | (4) |
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4 Ontology in Medicine as a Database Management System |
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69 | (22) |
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70 | (2) |
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4.1.1 Ontology Engineering and Development Methodology |
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72 | (1) |
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4.2 Literature Review on Medical Data Processing |
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72 | (3) |
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4.3 Information on Medical Ontology |
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75 | (3) |
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4.3.1 Types of Medical Ontology |
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75 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Knowledge Representation |
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76 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Methodology of Developing Medical Ontology |
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76 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Medical Ontology Standards |
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77 | (1) |
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4.4 Ontologies as a Knowledge-Based System |
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78 | (8) |
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4.4.1 Domain Ontology in Medicine |
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79 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Brief Introduction of Some Medical Standards |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.2.1 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.2.2 Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.2.3 Medical Entities Dictionary (MED) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Reusing Medical Ontology |
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82 | (3) |
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4.4.4 Ontology Evaluation |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (5) |
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87 | (4) |
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5 Using IoT and Semantic Web Technologies for Healthcare and Medical Sector |
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91 | (26) |
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92 | (6) |
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5.1.1 Significance of Healthcare and Medical Sector and Its Digitization |
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92 | (1) |
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5.1.2 E-Health and m-Health |
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92 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Internet of Things and Its Use |
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94 | (2) |
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5.1.4 Semantic Web and Its Technologies |
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96 | (2) |
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5.2 Use of IoT in Healthcare and Medical Domain |
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98 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Scope of IoT in Healthcare and Medical Sector |
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98 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Benefits of IoT in Healthcare and Medical Systems |
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100 | (1) |
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5.2.3 IoT Healthcare Challenges and Open Issues |
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100 | (1) |
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5.3 Role of SWTs in Healthcare Services |
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101 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Scope and Benefits of Incorporating Semantics in Healthcare |
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101 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Ontologies and Datasets for Healthcare and Medical Domain |
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103 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Challenges in the Use of SWTs in Healthcare Sector |
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104 | (2) |
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5.4 Incorporating IoT and/or SWTs in Healthcare and Medical Sector |
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106 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Proposed Architecture or Framework or Model |
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106 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Access Mechanisms or Approaches |
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108 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Applications or Systems |
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109 | (1) |
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5.5 Healthcare Data Analytics Using Data Mining and Machine Learning |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (4) |
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113 | (4) |
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6 An Ontological Model, Design, and Implementation of CSPF for Healthcare |
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117 | (26) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (3) |
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6.3 Mathematical Representation of CSPF Model |
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122 | (5) |
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6.3.1 Basic Sets of CSPF Model |
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123 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Conditional Contextual Security and Privacy Constraints |
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123 | (1) |
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6.3.3 CSPF Model States C set of States |
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124 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Permission C permission |
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124 | (1) |
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6.3.5 Security Evaluation Function (SEFcontexts) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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6.3.7 CSPF Model Operations |
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125 | (1) |
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6.3.7.1 Administrative Operations |
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125 | (2) |
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6.3.7.2 Users' Operations |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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6.4.1 Development of Class Hierarchy |
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127 | (2) |
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6.4.1.1 Object Properties of Sensor Class |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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6.5 The Design of Context-Aware Security and Privacy Model for Wireless Sensor Network |
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129 | (4) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (2) |
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6.7.1 Inference Time/Latency/Query Response Time vs. No. of Policies |
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135 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Average Inference Time vs. Contexts |
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136 | (1) |
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6.8 Conclusion and Future Scope |
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137 | (6) |
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138 | (5) |
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7 Ontology-Based Query Retrieval Support for E-Health Implementation |
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143 | (24) |
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143 | (3) |
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7.1.1 Health Care Record Management |
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144 | (1) |
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7.1.1.1 Electronic Health Record |
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144 | (1) |
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7.1.1.2 Electronic Medical Record |
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145 | (1) |
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7.1.1.3 Picture Archiving and Communication System |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Information Retrieval |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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7.2 Ontology-Based Query Retrieval Support |
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146 | (4) |
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150 | (4) |
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7.3.1 Objectives and Scope |
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150 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Benefits of E-Health |
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151 | (1) |
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7.3.3 E-Health Implementation |
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151 | (3) |
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7.4 Ontology-Driven Information Retrieval for E-Health |
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154 | (6) |
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7.4.1 Ontology for E-Heath Implementation |
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155 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Frameworks for Information Retrieval Using Ontology for E-Health |
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157 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Applications of Ontology-Driven Information Retrieval in Health Care |
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158 | (2) |
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7.4.4 Benefits and Limitations |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (4) |
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164 | (3) |
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164 | (3) |
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8 Ontology-Based Case Retrieval in an E-Mental Health Intelligent Information System |
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167 | (26) |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (9) |
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8.4.1 The PAVEFS Ontology |
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174 | (5) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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8.5 Pros and Cons of Solution |
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183 | (6) |
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8.5.1 Evaluation Methodology and Results |
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183 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Evaluation Methodology |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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190 | (3) |
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9 Ontology Engineering Applications in Medical Domain |
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193 | (40) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Ontology Merging (Unification) |
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195 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Ontology Validation |
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196 | (1) |
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9.2.5 Ontology Verification |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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9.2.7 Ontology Annotation |
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196 | (1) |
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9.2.8 Ontology Evaluation |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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9.3 Ontology Development Methodologies |
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197 | (6) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Brusa et al. Methodology |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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9.3.5 Uschold and King Methodology |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (5) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (4) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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9.6 Ontology Engineering Applications in Medical Domain |
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212 | (7) |
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9.6.1 Ontology-Based Decision Support System (DSS) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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9.6.1.2 Ontology-Based CDSS for Diabetes Diagnosis |
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214 | (1) |
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9.6.1.3 Ontology-Based Medical DSS within E-Care Telemonitoring Platform |
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215 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Medical Ontology in the Dynamic Healthcare Environment |
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216 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Knowledge Management Systems |
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217 | (1) |
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9.6.3.1 Ontology-Based System for Cancer Diseases |
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217 | (1) |
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9.6.3.2 Personalized Care System for Chronic Patients at Home |
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218 | (1) |
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9.7 Ontology Engineering Applications in Other Domains |
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219 | (14) |
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9.7.1 Ontology Engineering Applications in E-Commerce |
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219 | (1) |
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9.7.1.1 Automated Approach to Product Taxonomy Mapping in E-Commerce |
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219 | (2) |
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9.7.1.2 LexOnt Matching Approach |
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221 | (1) |
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9.7.2 Ontology Engineering Applications in Social Media Domain |
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222 | (1) |
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9.7.2.1 Emotive Ontology Approach |
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222 | (2) |
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9.7.2.2 Ontology-Based Approach for Social Media Analysis |
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224 | (1) |
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9.7.2.3 Methodological Framework for Semantic Comparison of Emotional Values |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (7) |
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10 Ontologies on Biomedical Informatics |
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233 | (12) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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10.3 Biomedical Ontologies and Ontology-Based Systems |
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235 | (10) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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10.3.5 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) |
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238 | (1) |
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10.3.6 Medline Plus Connect |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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10.3.12 National Cancer Institute Thesaurus |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (4) |
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11 Machine Learning Techniques Best for Large Data Prediction: A Case Study of Breast Cancer Categorical Data: k-Nearest Neighbors |
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245 | (12) |
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246 | (4) |
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250 | (5) |
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255 | (2) |
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255 | (2) |
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12 Need of Ontology-Based Systems in Healthcare System |
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257 | (18) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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12.3 Need for Ontology in Healthcare Systems |
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260 | (12) |
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12.3.1 Primary Healthcare |
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262 | (1) |
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12.3.1.1 Semantic Web System |
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262 | (1) |
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12.3.2 Emergency Services |
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263 | (1) |
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12.3.2.1 Service-Oriented Architecture |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Chronic Disease Healthcare |
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266 | (1) |
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12.3.4.1 Clinical Reminder System |
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266 | (1) |
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12.3.4.2 Chronic Care Model |
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267 | (1) |
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12.3.5 Specialized Healthcare |
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268 | (1) |
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12.3.5.1 E-Health Record System |
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268 | (1) |
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12.3.5.2 Maternal and Child Health |
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269 | (1) |
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12.3.6 Cardiovascular System |
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270 | (1) |
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12.3.6.1 Distributed Healthcare System |
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270 | (1) |
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12.3.6.2 Records Management System |
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270 | (1) |
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12.3.7 Stroke Rehabilitation |
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271 | (1) |
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12.3.7.1 Patient Information System |
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271 | (1) |
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12.3.7.2 Toronto Virtual System |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (3) |
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272 | (3) |
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13 Exploration of Information Retrieval Approaches With Focus on Medical Information Retrieval |
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275 | (18) |
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276 | (3) |
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13.1.1 Machine Learning-Based Medical Information System |
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278 | (1) |
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13.1.2 Cognitive Information Retrieval |
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278 | (1) |
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13.2 Review of Literature |
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279 | (2) |
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13.3 Cognitive Methods of IR |
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281 | (5) |
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13.4 Cognitive and Interactive IR Systems |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (5) |
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289 | (4) |
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14 Ontology as a Tool to Enable Health Internet of Things Viable 5G Communication Networks |
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293 | (20) |
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293 | (2) |
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14.2 From Concept Representations to Medical Ontologies |
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295 | (2) |
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14.2.1 Current Medical Research Trends |
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296 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Ontology as a Paradigm Shift in Health Informatics |
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296 | (1) |
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14.3 Primer Literature Review |
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297 | (6) |
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14.3.1 Remote Health Monitoring |
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298 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Collecting and Understanding Medical Data |
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298 | (1) |
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14.3.3 Patient Monitoring |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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14.3.5 Advanced Human Services Records Frameworks |
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299 | (1) |
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14.3.6 Applied Autonomy and Healthcare Mechanization |
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300 | (1) |
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14.3.7 IoT Powers the Preventive Healthcare |
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301 | (1) |
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14.3.8 Hospital Statistics Control System (HSCS) |
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301 | (1) |
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14.3.9 End-to-End Accessibility and Moderateness |
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301 | (1) |
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14.3.10 Information Mixing and Assessment |
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302 | (1) |
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14.3.11 Following and Alerts |
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302 | (1) |
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14.3.12 Remote Remedial Assistance |
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302 | (1) |
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14.4 Establishments of Health IoT |
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303 | (4) |
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14.4.1 Technological Challenges |
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304 | (2) |
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14.4.2 Probable Solutions |
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306 | (1) |
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14.4.3 Bit-by-Bit Action Statements |
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307 | (1) |
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14.5 Incubation of IoT in Health Industry |
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307 | (2) |
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308 | (1) |
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14.5.2 Ingestible Sensors |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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14.5.4 PC Vision Innovation |
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308 | (1) |
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14.5.5 Social Insurance Outlining |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (4) |
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309 | (4) |
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15 Tools and Techniques for Streaming Data: An Overview |
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313 | (18) |
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314 | (1) |
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15.2 Traditional Techniques |
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315 | (2) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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15.2.4.2 Count-Min Sketch |
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317 | (1) |
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15.3 Data Mining Techniques |
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317 | (3) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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15.3.2.3 Very Fast Decision Tree |
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320 | (1) |
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15.3.2.4 Concept Adaptive Very Fast Decision Tree |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (7) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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15.4.2.1 Apache Spark Core |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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15.4.2.3 Machine Learning Library |
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322 | (1) |
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15.4.2.4 Streaming Data API |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (3) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (4) |
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328 | (3) |
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16 An Ontology-Based IR for Health Care |
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331 | (13) |
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331 | (2) |
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16.2 General Definition of Information Retrieval Model |
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333 | (1) |
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16.3 Information Retrieval Model Based on Ontology |
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334 | (2) |
|
|
336 | (3) |
|
|
339 | (5) |
References |
|
344 | |