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E-raamat: Operational Amplifier Noise: Techniques and Tips for Analyzing and Reducing Noise

(Texas Instruments, Tucson, AZ, USA)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Feb-2012
  • Kirjastus: Newnes (an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd )
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080942438
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Feb-2012
  • Kirjastus: Newnes (an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd )
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080942438
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Arthur Kay's exciting new publication is a must have for practicing, professional electrical engineers. This comprehensive guide shows engineers how to design amplifiers and associated electronics to minimize noise, providing tricks, rules-of-thumb, and analysis to create successful low noise circuits. Forget the classical textbook traps of equations, virtual grounds, and a lot of double-speak, the novel but educational presentation used here uses definition-by -example and straight-forward analysis. This is the ultimate reference book for engineers who don't have the time to read, since the concepts are presented in detailed pictures and then repeated in the text for those who like both.

Operational amplifiers play a vital role in modern electronics design. Today, op amps serve as the interfaces between the digital world of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other digital circuits and the analog "real world". If an analog signal must be amplified, conditioned, filtered, or converted to be used by a digital system, an op amp is almost always involved. Noise is an unwanted signal that will corrupt or distort the desired signal, and veteran engineers as well as new college graduates are often faced with a lack of experience in noise analysis for operational amplifiers. The author has created a publication that is packed with essential information, while still being accessible to all readers.



* Clear, definition-by-example presentation allows for immediate use of techniques introduced;
* Tricks and rules-of-thumb, derived from author's decades of experience;
* Extreme use of figures for rapid absorption of concepts;
* Concise text explains the key points in all figures;
* Accessible to all types of readers;
* Analysis and design of low-noise circuits using op amps, including design tradeoffs for low-noise;
* Desktop reference for designing low-noise op amp circuits for novice to experienced engineers;
* Accurate measurement and prediction of intrinsic noise levels, using analysis by hand and SPICE simulation

Arvustused

"Operational Amplifier Noise is not a low-cost textbook but that will not stop the buyer who really wants to understand and do something about noise in his designs... The book is rich in figures and that makes layouts very difficult but it is well achieved for the most part although, by necessity perhaps, sizing has been a little arbitrary in some cases. While it's been EN-Genius' privilege to host most of the books content on our site as TechNotes, we would be the first to say that just having the text in your hands in hardback form is a great pleasure. We would highly recommend Arts book and expect it to be a surefire hit for many engineers. I am sure that I will see it on many bookshelves." --En-Genius.net

"An engineer with an electronics device company, Kay describes how to predict the level of noise any unwanted signal a circuit in an amplifier will produce using calculations and Spice simulations. He also discusses techniques for measuring and reducing noise. Among his topics are example calculations, Spice noise analysis, popcorn noise, instrumentation amplifier noise, and photodiode noise amplifier example results. Chapter-end questions are provided, with answers in the end matter." --Reference and Research Book News, Inc.

Muu info

The ultimate reference book for analog design engineers who don't like to read!
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Chapter 1 Introduction and Review of Statistics
1(12)
1.1 Time Domain View of Noise
1(1)
1.2 Statistical View of Noise
2(4)
1.3 Frequency Domain View of Noise
6(3)
1.4 Converting Spectral Density to RMS Noise
9(4)
Chapter Summary
11(1)
Questions
11(1)
Further Reading
11(2)
Chapter 2 Introduction to Op-Amp Noise
13(16)
2.1 Op-Amp Noise Analysis Technique
13(1)
2.2 Introducing the Op-Amp Noise Model
14(1)
2.3 Noise Bandwidth
14(2)
2.4 Broadband RMS Noise Calculation
16(1)
2.5 1/f RMS Noise Calculation
16(2)
2.6 Combining Flicker and Broadband Noise
18(1)
2.7 Noise Model for Example Circuit
19(1)
2.8 Noise Gain
19(2)
2.9 Converting Current Noise to Voltage Noise
21(1)
2.10 Including the Effect of Thermal Noise
22(1)
2.11 Combining All the Noise Sources and Computing Peak-to-Peak Output Noise
23(1)
2.12 Derivation of Key Noise Formulas
24(5)
Chapter Summary
26(1)
Questions
26(1)
Further Reading
27(2)
Chapter 3 Op-Amp Noise Example Calculations
29(12)
3.1 Example Calculation #1: OPA627 Noninverting Amplifier
29(1)
3.2 Compute the Noise Bandwidth
29(1)
3.3 Get Key Noise Specifications from the Data Sheet
29(4)
3.4 Compute Total Op-Amp Voltage Noise Contribution
33(1)
3.5 Compute Total Thermal Noise Contribution
33(1)
3.6 Combine All the Noise Sources and Compute Peak-to-Peak Output
33(1)
3.7 Example Calculation #2: Two-Stage Amplifier
34(7)
Chapter Summary
38(1)
Questions
38(1)
Further Reading
39(2)
Chapter 4 Introduction to Spice Noise Analysis
41(22)
4.1 Running a Noise Analysis in TINA Spice
41(1)
4.2 Test the Op-Amp Model Noise Accuracy
42(4)
4.3 Build Your Own Noise Model
46(7)
4.4 Use TINA to Analyze the Circuit Given in
Chapter 3
53(3)
4.5 Feedback Capacitor Simulation Example
56(7)
Chapter Summary
60(1)
Questions
61(1)
Further Reading
61(2)
Chapter 5 Introduction to Noise Measurement
63(26)
5.1 Equipment for Measuring Noise: True RMS DMM
63(1)
5.2 Equipment for Measuring Noise: Oscilloscope
64(4)
5.3 Equipment for Measuring Noise: Spectrum Analyzer
68(4)
5.4 Shielding
72(3)
5.5 Verify the Noise Floor
75(2)
5.6 Account for the Noise Floor
77(1)
5.7 Measure Example Circuit #1 Using a True RMS Meter
77(1)
5.8 Measure Example Circuit #1 Using an Oscilloscope
78(1)
5.9 Measure Example Circuit #1 Using a Spectrum Analyzer
78(6)
5.10 Measure Low Frequency Noise for the OPA227
84(1)
5.11 Offset Temperature Drift vs. 1/f Noise in Low-Frequency Noise Measurement
85(4)
Chapter Summary
87(1)
Questions
87(1)
Further Reading
87(2)
Chapter 6 Noise Inside the Amplifier
89(16)
6.1 Five Rules of Thumb for Worst-Case Noise Analysis and Design
89(3)
6.2 Detailed Mathematics for Bipolar Noise
92(5)
6.3 Detailed Mathematics for FET Noise
97(4)
6.4 Simplified Physical Connection Inside Amplifier
101(4)
Chapter Summary
102(1)
Questions
103(1)
Further Reading
103(2)
Chapter 7 Popcorn Noise
105(18)
7.1 Review of 1/f and Broadband Noise
105(1)
7.2 What Is Popcorn Noise
105(2)
7.3 What Causes Popcorn Noise?
107(1)
7.4 How Common Is the Problem?
107(1)
7.5 Popcorn Noise---Current or Voltage Noise?
107(1)
7.6 Bench and Production Test for Voltage Popcorn Noise
108(2)
7.7 Bench and Production Test for Current Popcorn Noise
110(3)
7.8 Analyzing the Popcorn Noise Data
113(5)
7.9 Setting Limits to a Popcorn Noise Test
118(1)
7.10 When Is Popcorn Noise a Concern?
119(4)
Chapter Summary
121(1)
Questions
121(1)
Further Reading
122(1)
Chapter 8 1/f Noise and Zero-Drift Amplifiers
123(22)
8.1 Zero-Drift Amplifiers
123(2)
8.2 Zero-Drift Amplifier Spectral Density Curve
125(2)
8.3 Low-Frequency Noise
127(8)
8.4 Measuring Low-Frequency Noise
135(10)
Chapter Summary
140(4)
Questions
144(1)
Further Reading
144(1)
Chapter 9 Instrumentation Amplifier Noise
145(24)
9.1 Short Review of Three Amp Instrumentation Amplifier
145(4)
9.2 Noise Model of Three Amp Instrumentation Amplifier
149(2)
9.3 Hand Analysis of Three Amp Instrumentation Amplifier
151(7)
9.4 Simulation of Three Amp Instrumentation Amplifier
158(3)
9.5 Reducing Noise with Averaging Circuit
161(8)
Chapter Summary
165(1)
Questions
166(1)
Further Reading
167(2)
Chapter 10 Photodiode Amplifier Noise
169(20)
10.1 Introduction to Photodiodes
169(2)
10.2 The Simple Transimpedance Amplifier
171(1)
10.3 Photodiode Current Noise
172(1)
10.4 Thermal Noise from Rf
172(3)
10.5 Noise from Op-amp Voltage Noise Source
175(7)
10.6 Total Noise (Op-amp, Diode, and Resistance)
182(1)
10.7 Stability of Transimpedance Amplifier
182(7)
Chapter Summary
186(1)
Questions
186(1)
Further Reading
187(2)
Chapter 11 Photodiode Noise Amplifier Example Results
189(18)
11.1 Photodiode Example Specifications
189(1)
11.2 Photodiode Current Noise Calculations
189(1)
11.3 Op-amp Specifications
189(1)
11.4 Op-amp Voltage Noise Calculations
189(2)
11.5 Thermal (Resistor) Noise Calculations
191(1)
11.6 Op-amp Current Noise Calculations
192(1)
11.7 Total Noise for Example Transimpedance Amplifier
192(1)
11.8 Spice Analysis of Example Circuit
193(3)
11.9 Measuring the Noise for the Example Transimpedance Amplifier
196(11)
Chapter Summary
204(1)
Questions
205(1)
Further Reading
206(1)
Glossary 207(12)
Answers to Questions 219(14)
Index 233