Preface |
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xiii | |
Preface to First Edition |
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xiv | |
Contributors |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
Dedication |
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xxv | |
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1.1 Fundamentals of Human Genetics |
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1 | (8) |
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1.2 Molecular Genetics of Selected Ocular Disorders |
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9 | (6) |
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1.3 Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling |
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15 | (4) |
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PART 2 OPTICS AND REFRACTION |
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19 | (6) |
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2.2 Optics of the Human Eye |
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25 | (10) |
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35 | (9) |
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2.4 Correction of Refractive Errors |
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44 | (8) |
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2.5 Ophthalmic Instruments |
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52 | (14) |
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2.6 Wavefront Optics and Aberrations of the Eye |
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66 | (1) |
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PART 3 REFRACTIVE SURGERY |
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3.1 Current Concepts, Classification, and History of Refractive Surgery |
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67 | (10) |
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3.2 Preoperative Evaluation for Refractive Surgery |
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77 | (5) |
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3.3 Excimer Laser Surface Ablation: Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK), and Epi-LASIK |
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82 | (7) |
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3.4 Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) |
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89 | (9) |
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3.5 Small Incision Lenticule Extraction |
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98 | (6) |
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3.6 Wavefront and Topography-Based Excimer Laser Refractive Surgery |
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104 | (6) |
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3.7 Phakic Intraocular Lenses |
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110 | (4) |
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3.8 Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments: Synthetic and CAIRS |
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114 | (3) |
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3.9 Surgical Treatment of Presbyopia |
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117 | (7) |
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3.10 Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy |
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124 | (3) |
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3.11 Corneal Cross-linking |
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127 | (4) |
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PART 4 CORNEA AND OCULAR SURFACE DISEASES |
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SECTION 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES |
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4.1 Corneal Anatomy, Physiology, and Wound Healing |
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131 | (5) |
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4.2 Anterior Segment Imaging Modalities |
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136 | (11) |
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SECTION 2 CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES |
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4.3 Congenital Corneal Anomalies |
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147 | (5) |
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SECTION 3 EXTERNAL DISEASES |
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152 | (3) |
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4.5 Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus |
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155 | (4) |
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SECTION 4 CONJUNCTIVAL DISEASES |
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4.6 Infectious Conjunctivitis |
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159 | (9) |
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4.7 Allergic Conjunctivitis |
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168 | (4) |
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4.8 Tumors of the Conjunctiva |
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172 | (11) |
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4.9 Pterygium and Conjunctival Degenerations |
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183 | (3) |
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4.10 Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid/Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid |
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186 | (3) |
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SECTION 5 SCLERAL AND EPISCLERAL DISEASES |
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4.11 Episcleritis and Scleritis |
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189 | (8) |
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SECTION 6 CORNEAL DISEASES |
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197 | (7) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (4) |
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4.15 Herpes Simplex Keratitis |
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211 | (6) |
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4.16 Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis |
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217 | (5) |
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4.17 Noninfectious Keratitis |
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222 | (11) |
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4.18 Keratoconus and Other Ectasias |
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233 | (4) |
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4.19 Anterior Corneal Dystrophies |
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237 | (3) |
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4.20 Stromal Corneal Dystrophies |
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240 | (6) |
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Robert William Bjerregaard |
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4.21 Diseases of the Corneal Endothelium |
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246 | (5) |
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4.22 Corneal Degenerations |
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251 | (5) |
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256 | (6) |
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SECTION 7 MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS |
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4.24 Complications of Contact Lens Wear |
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262 | (5) |
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4.25 Corneal and External Eye Manifestations of Systemic Disease |
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267 | (6) |
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4.26 Acid and Alkali Burns |
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273 | (4) |
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4.27 Endothelial Keratoplasty: Targeted Treatment for Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction |
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277 | (5) |
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4.28 Penetrating Keratoplasty |
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282 | (4) |
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4.29 Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty |
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286 | (3) |
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4.30 Superficial Corneal Procedures and Corneal Collagen Cross-linking |
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289 | (2) |
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4.31 Artificial Cornea (Keratoprosthesis) |
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291 | (3) |
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4.32 Conjunctival Surgery |
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294 | (4) |
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4.33 Surgical Ocular Surface Reconstruction |
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298 | (5) |
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4.34 Management of Corneal Thinning, Melting, and Perforation |
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303 | (4) |
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5.1 Basic Science of the Lens |
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307 | (1) |
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5.2 Evolution of Intraocular Lens Implantation |
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308 | (1) |
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5.3 Intraocular Lens Optics |
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309 | (2) |
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5.4 Bag-in-the-Lens Cataract Surgery |
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311 | (3) |
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5.3 Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Causes, Morphology, and Visual Effects of Cataract |
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314 | (6) |
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5.6 Patient Workup for Cataract Surgery |
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320 | (4) |
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5.7 Intraocular Lens Power Calculations |
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324 | (5) |
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5.8 Indications for Lens Surgery/Indications for Application of Different Lens Surgery Techniques |
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329 | (8) |
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5.9 The Pharmacotherapy of Cataract Surgery |
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337 | (6) |
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5.10 Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery |
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343 | (5) |
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5.11 Phacoemulsification Fluidics |
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348 | (4) |
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5.12 Refractive Aspects of Cataract Surgery |
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352 | (1) |
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5.13 Small-Incision and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery |
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353 | (7) |
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5.14 Capsulectomy: Modern Devices Apart From FLACS |
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360 | (4) |
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5.15 Manual Cataract Extraction |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (4) |
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5.17 Cataract Surgery in Complex Eyes |
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369 | (1) |
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5.18 Pediatric Cataract Surgery |
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370 | (4) |
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5.19 Complications of Cataract Surgery |
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374 | (12) |
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386 | (5) |
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5.21 Outcomes of Cataract Surgery |
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391 | (4) |
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PART 6 RETINA AND VITREOUS |
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6.1 Structure of the Neural Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium |
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395 | (4) |
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6.2 Retinal and Choroidal Circulation |
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399 | (5) |
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Caio Vinlcius Saito Regatieri |
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SECTION 2 ANCILLARY TESTS |
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6.3 Contact B-Scan Ultrasonography |
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404 | (3) |
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6.4 Camera-Based Ancillary Retinal Testing: Autofluorescence, Fluorescein, and Indocyanine Green Angiography |
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407 | (8) |
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6.5 Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Imaging |
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415 | (6) |
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6.6 Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography |
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421 | (3) |
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6.7 Retinal Elecrrophysiology |
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424 | (4) |
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SECTION 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RETINAL SURGERY |
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6.8 Light and Laser Injury |
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428 | (5) |
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6.9 Scleral Buckling Surgery |
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433 | (5) |
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438 | (5) |
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6.11 Intravitreal Injections and Medication Implants |
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443 | (4) |
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6.12 Progressive and "Stationary" Inherited Retinal Degenerations |
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447 | (11) |
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6.13 Inherited Retinal Diseases |
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458 | (15) |
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SECTION 5 VASCULAR DISORDERS |
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6.14 Hypertensive Retinopathy |
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473 | (4) |
|
Aleksandra V. Rachitskaya |
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6.15 Retinal Arterial Obstruction |
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477 | (8) |
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6.16 Venous Occlusive Disease of the Retina |
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485 | (9) |
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6.17 Retinopathy of Prematurity |
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494 | (6) |
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6.18 Diabetic Retinopathy |
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500 | (7) |
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6.19 Ocular Ischemic Syndrome |
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507 | (4) |
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511 | (5) |
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6.21 Coats' Disease and Macular Telangiectasia |
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516 | (6) |
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6.22 Radiation Retinopathy and Papillopathy |
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522 | (5) |
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6.23 Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms |
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527 | (6) |
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SECTION 6 MACULAR DISORDERS |
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6.24 Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
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533 | (22) |
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6.25 Secondary Causes of Choroidal Neovascularization |
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555 | (4) |
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6.26 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy |
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559 | (5) |
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6.27 Full-Thickness Macular Hole |
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564 | (4) |
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568 | (6) |
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6.29 Vitreomacular Traction |
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574 | (4) |
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6.30 Cystoid Macular Edema |
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578 | (7) |
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|
SECTION 7 RETINAL DETACHMENT |
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6.31 Peripheral Retinal Lesions and Retinal Breaks |
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585 | (5) |
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6.32 Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment |
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590 | (7) |
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6.33 Serous Detachments of the Neural Retina |
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597 | (7) |
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6.34 Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage |
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604 | (5) |
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6.35 Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy |
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609 | (5) |
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6.36 Posterior Segment Ocular Trauma |
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614 | (6) |
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6.37 Distant Trauma With Posterior Segment Effects |
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620 | (4) |
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6.38 Retinal Toxicity of Systemically Administered Drugs |
|
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624 | (7) |
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PART 7 UVEITIS AND OTHER INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATIONS |
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SECTION 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES |
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|
631 | (3) |
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|
7.2 General Approach to the Uveitis Patient and Treatment Strategies |
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634 | (6) |
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SECTION 2 INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF UVEITIS--VIRAL |
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7.3 Herpetic Viral Uveitis |
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640 | (4) |
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7.4 Nonherpetic Viral Infections: West Nile, Chikungunya, Zika, Ebola, HTLV-I, Measles, Rubella |
|
|
644 | (4) |
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SECTION 3 INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF UVEITIS--BACTERIAL |
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7.3 Syphilitic and Other Spirochetal Uveitis |
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648 | (7) |
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7.6 Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Brucellosis |
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655 | (4) |
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7.7 Bartonella-Related Infectious Uveitis (Cat Scratch Disease) and Whipple's Disease |
|
|
659 | (3) |
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7.8 Infectious Endophthalmitis |
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662 | (7) |
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|
Yevgeniy (Eugene) Shildkrot |
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SECTION 4 INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF UVEITIS--FUNGAL |
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669 | (4) |
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7.10 Fungal Endophthalmitis |
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673 | (5) |
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SECTION 5 INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF UVEITIS--PROTOZOAL AND PARASITIC |
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|
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7.11 Ocular Toxoplasmosis |
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|
678 | (6) |
|
Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos |
|
|
7.12 Posterior Parasitic Uveitis |
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684 | (4) |
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SECTION 6 UVEITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC DISEASE |
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7.13 Uveitis Related to HLA-B27 and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis |
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688 | (5) |
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693 | (5) |
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698 | (3) |
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7.16 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease |
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|
701 | (3) |
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SECTION 7 TRAUMATIC UVEITIS |
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704 | (3) |
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707 | (3) |
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SECTION 8 UVEITIS OF UNKNOWN CAUSES |
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7.19 Idiopathic and Other Anterior Uveitis Syndromes |
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710 | (4) |
|
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7.20 Pars Planitis and Other Intermediate Uveitides |
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|
714 | (5) |
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7.21 Posterior Uveitis of Unknown Cause--White Spot Syndromes |
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719 | (13) |
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SECTION 9 MASQUERADE SYNDROMES |
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7.22 Masquerade Syndromes: Neoplasms |
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732 | (5) |
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PART 8 INTRAOCULAR TUMORS |
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8.1 Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc |
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737 | (26) |
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763 | (9) |
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8.3 Tumors (Solid and Cystic) of the Pigmented and Nonpigmented Epithelium |
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772 | (10) |
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782 | (13) |
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PART 9 NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY |
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SECTION 1 IMAGING IN NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY |
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9.1 Principles of Imaging in Neuro-ophthalmology |
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|
795 | (7) |
|
|
9.2 Optical Coherence Tomography in Neuro-ophthalmology |
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802 | (10) |
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SECTION 2 THE AFFERENT VISUAL SYSTEM |
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9.3 Anatomy and Physiology |
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|
812 | (3) |
|
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9.4 Differentiation of Optic Nerve From Macular Retinal Disease |
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815 | (2) |
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9.5 Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies |
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817 | (4) |
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|
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9.6 Papilledema and Raised Intracranial Pressure |
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821 | (4) |
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|
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9.7 Inflammatory Optic Neuropathies and Neuroretinitis |
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825 | (5) |
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|
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9.8 Ischemic Optic Neuropathy |
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|
830 | (5) |
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|
|
9.9 Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathies |
|
|
835 | (5) |
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|
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9.10 Prechiasmal Pathways--Compression by Optic Nerve and Sheath Tumors |
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|
840 | (5) |
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|
|
9.11 Traumatic Optic Neuropathies |
|
|
845 | (2) |
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|
|
9.12 Lesions of the Optic Chiasm, Parasellar Region, and Pituitary Fossa |
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|
847 | (9) |
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|
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9.13 Lesions of Retrochiasmal Pathways, Higher Cortical Function, and Nonorganic Visual Loss |
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856 | (6) |
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|
|
SECTION 3 THE EFFERENT VISUAL SYSTEM |
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|
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9.14 Disorders of Supranuclear Control of Ocular Motility |
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862 | (7) |
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|
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9.15 Nuclear and Fascicular Disorders of Eye Movement |
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869 | (5) |
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|
|
9.16 Paresis of Isolated and Multiple Cranial Nerves and Painful Ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
874 | (9) |
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|
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9.17 Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction |
|
|
883 | (6) |
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|
889 | (5) |
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9.19 Nystagmus, Saccadic Intrusions, and Oscillations |
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894 | (8) |
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|
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9.20 Pupillary Signs of Neuro-ophthalmic Disease |
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|
902 | (9) |
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|
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9.21 Headache and Facial Pain |
|
|
911 | (9) |
|
|
9.22 Tumors, Infections, Inflammations, and Neurodegenerations |
|
|
920 | (7) |
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|
|
SECTION 5 NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGIC EMERGENCIES |
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|
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9.23 Urgent Neuro-ophthalmic Disorders |
|
|
927 | (5) |
|
|
9.24 Trauma, Drugs, and Toxins |
|
|
932 | (4) |
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|
|
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936 | (7) |
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|
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943 | (4) |
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|
SECTION 1 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF GLAUCOMA |
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|
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10.1 Epidemiology of Glaucoma |
|
|
947 | (6) |
|
|
|
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10.2 Screening for Glaucoma |
|
|
953 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
10.3 Mechanisms of Glaucoma |
|
|
958 | (7) |
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SECTION 2 EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS |
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|
|
10.4 Clinical Examination of Glaucoma |
|
|
965 | (8) |
|
|
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|
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973 | (9) |
|
|
|
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10.6 Diagnostic Technologies |
|
|
982 | (8) |
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|
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|
10.7 Optic Nerve Blood Flow Measurement |
|
|
990 | (1) |
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|
991 | (2) |
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|
|
SECTION 3 SPECIFIC TYPES OF GLAUCOMA |
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|
|
10.9 Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma |
|
|
993 | (5) |
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|
|
|
10.10 Normal-Tension Glaucoma |
|
|
998 | (3) |
|
|
|
10.11 Angle-Closure Glaucoma |
|
|
1001 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
10.12 Glaucoma Associated With (Pseudo)Exfoliation Syndrome |
|
|
1010 | (4) |
|
|
10.13 Pigmentary Glaucoma |
|
|
1014 | (3) |
|
|
|
10.14 Neovascular Glaucoma |
|
|
1017 | (4) |
|
|
10.15 Inflammatory and Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma |
|
|
1021 | (5) |
|
|
|
10.16 Glaucoma Associated With Ocular Trauma |
|
|
1026 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
10.17 Glaucoma With Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure |
|
|
1032 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
1034 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
10.19 Glaucomas Secondary to Abnormalities of the Cornea, Iris, Retina, and Intraocular Tumors |
|
|
1036 | (7) |
|
|
|
10.20 Congenital Glaucoma |
|
|
1043 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.21 When to Treat Glaucoma |
|
|
1049 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
10.22 Current Medical Management of Glaucoma |
|
|
1054 | (6) |
|
|
|
10.23 Laser Trabeculoplasty and Laser Peripheral Iridectomy |
|
|
1060 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
10.24 Cyclodestructive Procedures in Glaucoma |
|
|
1065 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
10.25 Goniotomy and Trabeculotomy |
|
|
1069 | (5) |
|
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10.26 Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgeries |
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|
1074 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
1081 | (6) |
|
|
10.28 Antifibrotic Agents in Glaucoma Surgery |
|
|
1087 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1094 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
10.30 Complications of Glaucoma Surgery and Their Management |
|
|
1099 | (6) |
|
|
|
10.31 Genes Associated With Human Glaucoma |
|
|
1105 | (3) |
|
|
10.32 Evidence-Based Medicine in Glaucoma |
|
|
1108 | (7) |
|
|
|
PART 11 PEDIATRIC AND ADULT STRABISMUS |
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|
|
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|
11.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Extraocular Muscles and Surrounding Tissues |
|
|
1115 | (5) |
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|
SECTION 2 EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS |
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|
|
11.12 Evaluating Vision in Preverbal and Preliterate Infants and Children |
|
|
1120 | (4) |
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|
|
|
11.13 Examination of Ocular Alignment and Eye Movements |
|
|
1124 | (6) |
|
|
11.4 Sensory Status in Strabismus |
|
|
1130 | (5) |
|
|
11.5 Sensory Adaptations in Strabismus |
|
|
1135 | (3) |
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|
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SECTION 3 OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS |
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1138 | (7) |
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1145 | (4) |
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|
11.8 Torsional Strabismus |
|
|
1149 | (8) |
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|
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11.9 Paralytic Strabismus |
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|
1157 | (8) |
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|
|
11.10 Other Vertical Strabismus Forms |
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|
1165 | (4) |
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|
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1169 | (6) |
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|
|
11.12 Forms of Nonsurgical Strabismus Management |
|
|
1175 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
11.13 Techniques of Strabismus Surgery |
|
|
1178 | (9) |
|
|
PART 12 ORBIT AND OCULOPLASTICS |
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|
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SECTION 1 ORBITAL ANATOMY AND IMAGING |
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12.1 Clinical Anatomy of the Eyelids |
|
|
1187 | (3) |
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|
12.2 Clinical Anatomy of the Orbit |
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|
1190 | (6) |
|
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|
1196 | (4) |
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|
1200 | (6) |
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|
1206 | (6) |
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1212 | (7) |
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|
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12.7 Benign Eyelid Lesions |
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|
1219 | (11) |
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1230 | (6) |
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12.9 Evaluation and Management of Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma |
|
|
1236 | (7) |
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SECTION 3 ORBIT AND LACRIMAL GLAND |
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|
1243 | (15) |
|
|
12.11 Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration |
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|
1258 | (8) |
|
|
12.12 The Lacrimal Drainage System |
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|
1266 | (6) |
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|
|
|
12.13 Thyroid Eye Disease |
|
|
1272 | (8) |
|
|
12.14 Orbital Infection and Inflammation |
|
|
1280 | (5) |
|
|
SECTION 4 PERIORBITAL AESTHETIC PROCEDURES |
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|
|
12.15 Cosmetic Blepharoplasty and Browplasty |
|
|
1285 | (7) |
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|
|
|
12.16 Aesthetic Fillers and Botulinum Toxin for Wrinkle Reduction |
|
|
1292 | (7) |
|
|
Index |
|
1299 | |