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E-raamat: Optical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental Monitoring

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(Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India), (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India), (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India)
  • Formaat: 250 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Nov-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498789073
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Optical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental MonitoringSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 250 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Nov-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498789073
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The field of plasmonics has shown extraordinary capabilities in realizing highly sensitive and accurate sensors for environmental monitoring and measurement of biological analytes. The inherent potential of such devices has led to growing interest worldwide in commercial fiber optic chemical and biosensors. Optical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental Monitoring is an essential resource for students, established researchers, and industry developers in need of a reference work on both the fundamentals and latest advances in optical fiber sensor technology in biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The book includes rigorous theory and experimental techniques of surface plasmon and lossy mode resonances, as well as real-time sensing applications of resonance techniques implemented over optical fiber substrate using bulk layer and/or nanostructures as transducer and sensing layers. In addition, discussion of various design options for real-time sensors in environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnostics make the book approachable to readers from multidisciplinary fields.
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
About the Authors xiii
1 Introduction to Sensors
1(32)
1.1 What Is a Sensor?
1(2)
1.2 Need of Sensors
3(4)
1.2.1 Biosensors
4(1)
1.2.2 Gas Sensors
5(1)
1.2.3 Chemical Sensors
6(1)
1.3 Sensor Components
7(4)
1.3.1 Analyte
8(1)
1.3.2 Recognition Unit
9(1)
1.3.3 Transducer
9(1)
1.3.4 Detector/Analyzer
10(1)
1.3.4.1 Spectrometer
10(1)
1.3.4.2 Optical Power Meter
10(1)
1.3.4.3 Charge-Coupled Device
11(1)
1.4 Sensor Performance Parameters
11(1)
1.5 Biosensor Classifications
12(15)
1.5.1 Classification Based on Transducer
13(1)
1.5.1.1 Electrochemical Transducer
14(2)
1.5.1.2 Optical Transducer
16(4)
1.5.1.3 Mass-Sensitive Transducer
20(1)
1.5.1.4 Calorimetric Transducer
20(1)
1.5.1.5 Light-Addressable Potentiometric Transducer
21(1)
1.5.2 Classification Based on Bio-Receptors
21(6)
1.6 Biosensor Regeneration
27(2)
1.7 Overview of the Book
29(4)
References
30(3)
2 Basics of Resonance
33(42)
2.1 Resonance-Based Sensors
33(1)
2.2 SPR for Sensing
34(21)
2.2.1 Theory of SPR
34(10)
2.2.2 Theory of LSPR
44(4)
2.2.3 Realization of Sensors
48(7)
2.3 Types of Resonances
55(9)
2.3.1 Surface Plasmon Resonance
55(1)
2.3.1.1 Long-Range SPR
55(3)
2.3.1.2 Short-Range SPR
58(1)
2.3.1.3 Nearly Guided Wave SPR
58(1)
2.3.1.4 Waveguide-Coupled SPR
59(1)
2.3.1.5 Magneto-Optic SPR
59(1)
2.3.1.6 Fano Resonance SPR
60(1)
2.3.1.7 Gap SPR
61(1)
2.3.2 Lossy Mode Resonance
61(1)
2.3.3 Interferometric Resonance
61(1)
2.3.3.1 Fabry-Perot Interferometric Resonance
62(2)
2.3.3.2 Michelson Interferometric Resonance
64(1)
2.3.4 Acoustic Resonance
64(1)
2.4 Developing LMR for Sensing Applications
64(6)
2.5 Summary
70(5)
References
72(3)
3 Fiber-Optic Sensors
75(28)
3.1 Optical Fiber as Sensor Element
75(2)
3.2 Factors Affecting Light Propagation
77(7)
3.2.1 Numerical Aperture and Acceptance Angle
78(2)
3.2.2 V-Number and Fiber Modes
80(1)
3.2.3 Fiber Parameters
81(1)
3.2.4 Evanescent Wave
82(2)
3.3 Advantages of Fiber-Optic Sensors
84(1)
3.4 Parameters Tailoring Sensor Performance
85(6)
3.4.1 Sensitivity
85(2)
3.4.2 Selectivity
87(1)
3.4.3 Limit of Detection
88(1)
3.4.4 Limit of Quantification
89(1)
3.4.5 Repeatability
89(1)
3.4.6 Reproducibility
90(1)
3.4.7 Detection Accuracy
90(1)
3.4.8 Figure of Merit
90(1)
3.5 Designs of a Fiber-Optic Sensor Probe
91(9)
3.5.1 Straight Probe
91(3)
3.5.2 U-Shaped Probe
94(3)
3.5.3 Tapered Probe
97(2)
3.5.4 D-Shaped Probe
99(1)
3.6 Summary
100(3)
References
100(3)
4 Nanostructured Sensors
103(62)
4.1 Nanotechnology as a Sensing Platform
104(3)
4.2 Metallic Nanostructures and Synthesis
107(20)
4.2.1 Silver
109(1)
4.2.1.1 Chemical Methods
109(3)
4.2.1.2 Physical Methods
112(6)
4.2.1.3 Biological Methods
118(1)
4.2.2 Gold
119(1)
4.2.2.1 Chemical Methods
120(2)
4.2.2.2 Physical Methods
122(1)
4.2.2.3 Biological Methods
123(1)
4.2.3 Platinum
123(1)
4.2.3.1 Chemical Methods
123(2)
4.2.3.2 Physical Methods
125(1)
4.2.3.3 Biological Methods
125(1)
4.2.4 Palladium
126(1)
4.2.4.1 Chemical Methods
126(1)
4.2.4.2 Physical Methods
126(1)
4.2.4.3 Biological Methods
127(1)
4.3 Effect of Nanostructures
127(6)
4.3.1 Shape of Nanoparticles
129(1)
4.3.1.1 Spherical
129(1)
4.3.1.2 Others
130(1)
4.3.1.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles
130(1)
4.3.2 Nanorods
131(1)
4.3.3 Nanowires
131(1)
4.3.4 Other Nanostructures
132(1)
4.4 Nanostructures for Sensing
133(7)
4.4.1 Single-Nanoparticle Sensors
135(2)
4.4.2 Surface-Enhanced Nanosensors
137(3)
4.5 Applications
140(17)
4.5.1 Detection of Physical Parameters
140(1)
4.5.2 Environmental and Agricultural Monitoring
141(9)
4.5.3 Biological Applications and Biomarkers
150(5)
4.5.4 Surgical and Clinical Diagnostics
155(2)
4.6 Summary
157(8)
References
157(8)
5 Semiconductor Metal Oxide Sensors
165(32)
5.1 Role of SMO in Sensor Applications
166(4)
5.2 Properties Supporting Sensing
170(4)
5.2.1 Surface and Structure
170(2)
5.2.2 Conductivity
172(1)
5.2.3 Catalytic/Chemical Activity and Stability
172(1)
5.2.4 Sensitivity and Reversibility
173(1)
5.3 Nanostructured Metal Oxides
174(2)
5.4 Mechanism of Gas Sensing and Applications
176(13)
5.4.1 SPR-Based SMO Gas Sensors
178(5)
5.4.2 LMR-Based SMO Gas Sensors
183(6)
5.5 Biosensing with SMOs
189(5)
5.6 Summary
194(3)
References
195(2)
6 Molecular-Imprinting-Based Sensors
197(30)
6.1 Basics of Molecular Imprinting
198(9)
6.1.1 Molecular-Imprinting Elements
199(5)
6.1.2 Synthesis Protocols
204(3)
6.2 Types of Molecular Imprinting
207(4)
6.2.1 Covalent Molecular Imprinting
207(1)
6.2.2 Noncovalent Molecular Imprinting
208(1)
6.2.3 Molecular Imprinting in Nanostructures
209(2)
6.3 Molecular-Imprinting Polymer as a Floor for Sensing
211(1)
6.4 Applications
212(10)
6.4.1 Food Safety
212(5)
6.4.2 Environmental Monitoring
217(2)
6.4.3 Biomedical Uses
219(3)
6.5 Summary
222(5)
References
223(4)
7 Summary and Future Outlook
227(4)
Index 231
B.D. Gupta received his M.Sc. degree in physics (1975) from Aligarh Muslim University (India) and a Ph.D. degree in physics (1979) from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi. In 1978 he joined the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, where he is currently a professor of physics. In addition, Prof. Gupta has worked at the University of Guelph (Canada) in 1982-1983, the University of Toronto (Canada) in 1985, the Florida State University (USA) in 1988, the University of Strathclyde (UK) in 1993 and the University of Birmingham (UK) in 2010. In 1992, he was awarded the ICTP Associateship by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy), which he held for 8 consecutive years. In this capacity, he visited ICTP (Italy) in 1994 and 1996. Prof. Gupta is a recipient of the 1991 Gowri Memorial Award of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (India). He has published more than 90 research papers in international journals and 65 papers in conferences. Prof. Gupta is authored a book entitled Fiber Optic Sensors: Principles and Applications (NIPA New Delhi, 2006) and is the Co-Editor of the Proceedings of SPIE (USA) Vol. 3666 (1998) and Vol. 8173 and Advances in Contemporary Physics and Energy (Supplement Volume) (Allied Publishers, New Delhi). Prof. Gupta is in the Editorial Board of the journals ISRN Optics and Chemical Sensors. His current areas of interest are plasmonics, fiber optic sensors and nanotechnology. He is a regular member of the Optical Society of America and life member of the Optical Society of India and the Indian Chapter of ICTP.
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