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E-raamat: Origins of Higher Learning: Knowledge networks and the early development of universities

(Institute of Education, University of London, UK), (Professor and Director of the Hiroshima Study Centre, Open University of Japan and Emeritus professor, the University of Hiroshima.)
  • Formaat: 210 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Oct-2016
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317543275
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  • Formaat: 210 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Oct-2016
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317543275

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Higher Education has become a worldwide phenomenon where students now travel internationally to pursue courses and careers, not simply as a global enterprise, but as a network of world-wide interconnections. The Origins of Higher Learning: Knowledge networks and the early development of universities is an account of the first globalisation that has led us to this point, telling of how humankind first developed centres of higher learning across the vast landmass from the Atlantic to the China Sea.

This book opens a much-needed debate on the origins of higher learning, exploring how, why and where humankind first began to take a sustained interest in questions that went beyond daily survival. Showing how these concerns became institutionalized and how knowledge came to be transferred from place to place, this book explores important aspects of the forerunners of globalisation. It is a narrative which covers much of Asia, North Africa and Europe, many parts of which were little known beyond their own boundaries. Spanning from the earliest civilisations to the end of the European Middle Ages, around seven hundred years ago, here the authors set out crucial findings for future research and investigation.

This book shows how interconnections across continents are nothing new and that in reality, humankind has been interdependent for a much longer period than is widely recognised. It is a book which challenges existing accounts of the origins of higher learning in Europe and will be of interest to all those who wish to know more about the world of academia.

List of figures
xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction 1(8)
1 From the Tigris to the Tiber: early knowledge networks
9(22)
Traces in the sand
9(4)
Libraries and learning in the Greek world
13(6)
The library at Alexandria
19(4)
Ancient Rome
23(2)
Byzantium
25(5)
Bibliography
30(1)
2 From the Indus to the Ganges: the spread of higher learning in ancient India
31(26)
Ancient Indian civilisation and the forerunners of higher learning
31(4)
Taxila or Taksasila
35(3)
Travellers as a source of information
38(2)
Nalanda Monastery as a centre of higher learning
40(5)
The first federal university'?
45(2)
Scholar monks and their wider impact
47(3)
The Indian contribution to higher learning
50(2)
Decline and beginning of a new era
52(2)
Conclusion
54(1)
Bibliography
54(3)
3 Along the Yellow River: the origins of higher learning in ancient China
57(20)
Political and social background: society and culture under the Chou Dynasty
57(1)
The rise of philosophical schools and the Hundred Schools of Thought
58(1)
Confucius and rational humanism
59(2)
The Jixia Academy: the Palace of Learning under the city gate of Ji
61(2)
The buildings, facilities and characteristic features of the Academy
63(1)
The legacy of the Academy
63(1)
The Qin Dynasty and the promotion of legalism
64(1)
The revival of the po-shi system under the Han Dynasty
65(1)
The `Grand School'
66(2)
External influences
68(2)
The Imperial Examinations and the generation of a civil service
70(1)
The development of science and technology in ancient China
71(4)
Underlying questions
75(1)
Bibliography
76(1)
4 Higher learning in ancient Korea, Japan and Vietnam
77(22)
The East Asian cultural sphere and the Imperial Chinese Tributary System
77(1)
The eastward spread of Chinese culture to Korea
78(6)
External influences on Japan
84(3)
The Daigaku-ryo: Japan's Collegiate Grand School of Learning
87(2)
Students
89(2)
The evolution of the Daigaku-ryo
91(3)
The southward spread of Chinese culture to Vietnam
94(3)
Conclusion
97(1)
Bibliography
97(2)
5 The coming of Islam
99(14)
Dynasties and learning in the Middle East
99(1)
Jundi-Shapur
100(3)
The growth of Islam
103(2)
The House of Wisdom
105(3)
The Persian influence
108(3)
Bibliography
111(2)
6 The golden age of Islam
113(16)
Modes of learning in the Islamic world
113(3)
Power struggles and the advancement of learning
116(7)
Itinerant scholars
123(4)
Bibliography
127(2)
7 The westward spread of Islam
129(20)
North African beginnings
130(2)
Cordoba
132(4)
The scholars of al-Andalus
136(1)
Naples and Sicily
137(4)
A new translation movement
141(5)
Bibliography
146(3)
8 Europe: a Medieval backwater?
149(20)
The coming of monasticism in Medieval Europe
150(3)
The High Middle Ages: from monasteries to cathedral schools
153(3)
The first universities: patterns of foundation
156(3)
The proliferation of universities
159(8)
Bibliography
167(2)
9 Conclusion: knowledge networks and the origins of higher learning
169(12)
The question of motive
171(1)
The illusion of merit
172(1)
The coming of specialism
173(1)
Styles of learning
173(1)
Trade, travel and knowledge transfer
173(1)
Tim European inheritance
174(4)
The thirst for knowledge
178(1)
Bibliography
179(2)
Further reading 181(4)
Index 185
Roy Lowe was Head of the Department of Education at the University of Wales, Swansea. In 2002 he was awarded an OBE for outstanding management. He was for several years President of the UK History of Education Society and has published extensively on the history of schools and universities.

Yoshihito Yasuhara is Professor and Director of the Hiroshima Study Centre, Open University of Japan and Emeritus Professor, the University of Hiroshima. He has published extensively in both Japanese and English on the reform of Oxford and Cambridge Universities in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.