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E-raamat: Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Edited by (CNRS Neuroendocrine Unit, France), Edited by (Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Pakistan)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Mar-2007
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080489490
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Mar-2007
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080489490

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Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis that leads to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defense mechanisms against oxygen radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important therefore to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models on neurological disorders. This book presents detailed information on various neurodegenerative disorders and their connection with oxidative stress. This information will provide clinicians with directions to treat these disorders with appropriate therapy and is also of vital importance for the drug industries for the design of new drugs for treatment of degenerative disorders.

* Contains the latest information on the subject of neurodegenerative disorders
* Reflects on various factors involved in degeneration and gives suggestions for how to tackle these problems

Muu info

Presents detailed information on various neurodegenerative disorders and their connection with oxidative stress.
Preface v
Contributors xvii
Advances in our Understanding of Neurodegeneration
1(58)
Kurt A. Jellinger
Introduction
1(1)
Basic processes common to neurodegeneration
1(35)
Neuronal death---the final pathway
36(2)
Challenges of apoptosis in neurodegeneration
38(4)
Conclusion
42(1)
References
43(16)
Mitochondrial Mutagenesis in the Brain in Forensic and Pathological Research
59(30)
Nicole von Wurmb-Schwark
Introduction
59(1)
Mitochondrial DNA damage and repair
60(10)
MT DNA maintenance
70(3)
MT DNA mutagenesis in the brain
73(6)
References
79(10)
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Neurodegenerative Diseases
89(26)
Fabio Coppede
Lucia Migliore
Causative genes in neurodegeneration
89(3)
Environmental factors and neurodegeneration
92(4)
Susceptibility genes in neurodegeneration
96(2)
Oxidative stress
98(5)
Apoptosis
103(2)
Aging
105(1)
Conclusions
106(1)
References
107(8)
Nitric Oxide and Cellular Stress Response in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders
115(20)
Vittorio Calabrese
Cesare Mancuso
Carlo De Marco
Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella
D. Allan Butterfield
Introduction
115(1)
Nitric oxide
116(4)
Heme oxygenase
120(7)
Conclusions and perspectives
127(1)
Acknowledgments
128(1)
References
128(7)
Oxidative Stress and Radiation-Induced Late Normal Tissue Injury
135(30)
M.E.C. Robbins
W. Zhao
Introduction
135(1)
Radiation-induced late effects
136(5)
Reactive oxygen/nitrogen oxide species (ROS/RNOS)
141(2)
Radiation-induced increase in ROS/RNOS generation
143(1)
The role of oxidative stress in radiation-induced late effects
144(4)
Treatment of radiation-induced late injury with RAS blockade
148(3)
Putative mediators of chronic oxidative stress: Ang II and ionizing radiation
151(1)
Acknowledgments
152(1)
References
152(13)
The Cell Cycle and Oxidative Neuronal Cell Death
165(18)
Brett C. Langley
Introduction
165(1)
The terminally differentiated neuron and the cell division
166(1)
The cell cycle and checkpoint function
167(2)
Cell cycle regulators and neurodegeneration
169(4)
Oxidative stress induction of the cell cycle
173(1)
Is the cell cycle required for oxidative stress-induced death?
174(1)
Conclusion
175(2)
Acknowledgments
177(1)
References
177(6)
Redox Imbalance
183(18)
Daniela Berg
Introduction: free radicals and oxidative stress
183(1)
Factors contributing to the generation of oxidative stress (OS)
184(4)
Interaction of ROS with genetic influences, protein aggregation and Lewy bodies (LBS)
188(1)
Mitochondrial dysfunction
189(2)
Consequences of redox imbalance
191(1)
Conclusion and therapeutic outlook
192(1)
References
193(8)
Genes and Oxidative Stress in Sporadic and Familial Parkinsonism: cDNA Microarray Studies
201(18)
E. Grunblatt
S. Mandel
P. Riederer
M.B.H. Youdim
Introduction
201(1)
Cell culture models
202(2)
Animal models
204(6)
Human post-mortem PD subjects
210(5)
Conclusion
215(1)
Acknowledgement
215(1)
References
215(4)
Down Syndrome, Antioxidant Balance and the ``Gene Dosage Effect'' Hypothesis
219(18)
LB. de Haan
P.J. Crack
M.A. Pritchard
I. Kola
Introduction
219(1)
Analysis of the HSA21 gene, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and its relationship to the antioxidant pathway
220(3)
Evidence for the involvement of an altered antioxidant pathway in Down syndrome (DS)
223(6)
Conclusions/discussion and future directions for therapeutic interventions
229(1)
References
230(7)
The Role of Levodopa in the Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorder---Parkinson's Disease
237(10)
Thomas Muller
Introduction
237(1)
Diagnosis
237(1)
Treatment with levodopa
238(1)
Motor complications
239(1)
Levodopa-induced elevation of homocysteine
240(1)
Therapy of increased homocysteine levels in PD patients
241(1)
Is levodopa administration toxic in clinical practice?
242(1)
Conclusion
242(1)
References
243(4)
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (ROMs) as an Index of Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
247(20)
K. Christou
K.I. Gourgoulianis
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome
247(4)
Oxidation and reduction---pro-oxidants and antioxidants
251(4)
Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (H/R)
255(2)
D-ROM test
257(1)
Conclusion
258(1)
References
259(8)
The Key Role of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease
267(16)
Paula I. Moreira
Akihiko Nunomura
Kazuhiro Honda
Gjumrakeh Aliev
Gemma Casadesus
Xiongwei Zhu
Mark A. Smith
George Perry
Introduction
267(1)
Energetic metabolism deficiency in Alzheimer's disease
268(1)
Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
269(2)
Sources of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
271(2)
Alzheimer's disease lesions: cause or consequence of oxidative stress?
273(3)
Conclusions
276(1)
References
276(7)
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Current State
283(14)
Nirit Lev
Yossi Gilgun-Sherki
Daniel Offen
Eldad Melamed
Introduction
283(1)
Oxidative stress in the CNS
284(1)
Oxidative stress and inflammation
284(2)
Oxidative stress in MS
286(2)
Antioxidants as possible treatment for MS
288(1)
Experimental studies
289(1)
Clinical studies
290(1)
Concluding remarks and future strategies
291(1)
References
291(6)
Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Biology to Therapeutic Strategies
297(16)
Molina Mhatre
Kenneth Hensley
Neuroinflammation---a common feature of most age-related neurodegenerative diseases
297(1)
Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease
297(1)
Anti-amyloidogenic properties of NSAIDs---a novel mechanism of action
298(1)
Mechanism underlying the reduction in Aβ generation by NSAIDs
299(1)
NSAIDs and clinical trials
299(5)
Antioxidant treatment and Alzheimer's disease
304(1)
Antioxidant clinical trials using Alzheimer's disease patients
304(1)
Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and ALS
305(1)
Concluding remarks
305(1)
Acknowledgments
306(1)
References
306(7)
Oxidative Stress in Stroke
313(56)
Margarita L. Alexandrova
Petyo G. Bochev
Introduction
313(30)
Therapeutic strategies with antioxidants in acute and chronic phases after stroke
343(12)
Concluding remarks
355(1)
References
356(13)
Hyperoxidation of the Two Catecholamines, Dopamine and Adrenaline: Implications for the Etiologies and Treatment of Encephalitis Lethargica, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Schizophrenia
369(14)
Harold D. Foster
Abram Hoffer
Dopamine and dopachrome
369(6)
Adrenaline and adrenochrome
375(4)
Conclusions
379(1)
References
379(4)
The Role of Metals and their Effect on Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
383(16)
Mauro Cozzolino
Maria Teresa Carri
Introduction
383(1)
Oxidative stress and ALS
384(3)
Copper homeostasis and ALS
387(3)
Iron homeostasis and ALS
390(2)
Copper and iron: the devil's pair?
392(1)
Conclusions
393(1)
References
393(6)
Neurotransmission, Oxidative Stress, and Coexistence of Neurotransmitters in Parkinson's Disease
399(34)
G. Ali Qureshi
Introduction
399(3)
Material and methods
402(22)
Conclusions
424(1)
References
425(8)
Manganese-Induced Oxidative Stress
433(18)
Allison W. Dobson
Michael Aschner
Introduction
433(1)
Sources of manganese
434(1)
Essentiality, absorption, and transport
434(4)
Toxicity
438(2)
Manganese-induced oxidative stress
440(3)
References
443(8)
Prospects for Antioxidant Therapy in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease
451(16)
Akihiko Nunomura
George Perry
Mark A. Smith
Introduction
451(1)
The early involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD
452(3)
Anti-oxidative strategy for AD: lessons from vitamin E studies
455(3)
Anti-oxidative strategy for AD: targeting modifiable risk factors
458(2)
Conclusion
460(1)
References
460(7)
An Assessment of the Chances of Antiapoptotic Drug Therapy in Patients with Neurodegenerative Disorders
467(36)
Peter C. Waldmeier
Apoptosis and other modes of cell death
467(6)
Evidence for a role of PCD in ND
473(8)
Development of antiapoptotic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (ND)
481(1)
The first two antiapoptotic compounds failed in clinical trials
481(9)
Conclusions
490(2)
References
492(11)
Role of Antioxidant Activity of Estrogens in their Potent Neuroprotection
503(22)
Evelyn Perez
Xiaofei Wang
James W. Simpkins
Introduction
503(10)
Acknowledgments
513(1)
References
513(12)
Diet, Herbs, and Nutritional Protection against Oxidative Stress in Neurological Diseases
525(18)
Carlos Kusano Bucalen Ferrari
Introduction
525(11)
Conclusions
536(1)
References
536(7)
Diabetic Neuropathy: Pathogenesis and Treatment
543(38)
Maria Siemionow
Yalcin Kulahci
Galip Agaoglu
Introduction
543(11)
Treatment of diabetic neuropathy
554(12)
Neurosensory testing in diabetic neuropathy
566(6)
References
572(9)
Green and Black Tea in Brain Protection
581(26)
Iustyna Ostrowska
Wojciech Luczaj
Agnieszka Augustyniak
Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
Introduction
581(19)
References
600(7)
Environmental and Genetic Interactions: Key to Sporadic Parkinson's Disease?
607(14)
Fai Tsang
Tuck Wah Soong
Introduction
607(7)
Concluding remarks
614(1)
Acknowledgment
615(1)
References
616(5)
Prevention and Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of Nutritional Antioxidants
621(42)
Vincenzo Di Matteo
Massimo Pierucci
Giuseppe Di Giovanni
Ennio Esposito
Major neurodegenerative disorders
621(4)
Natural dietary antioxidants
625(8)
ROS, NF-KB, and neurodegenerative disorders
633(2)
Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress, NF-KB, and antioxidants
635(3)
Parkinson's disease, oxidative stress, NF-KB, and antioxidants
638(4)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, oxidative stress, NF-KB, and antioxidants
642(2)
Conclusions
644(1)
Acknowledgments
645(1)
References
646(17)
Genetics of Parkinson's Disease
663(36)
Yue Huang
Piu Chan
Glenda Halliday
Introduction
663(2)
Causative genes for familial PD
665(10)
Susceptibility genes for PD
675(12)
Genetic implications for PD
687(1)
Acknowledgment
687(1)
References
688(11)
Biomarkers of Hypoxic Brain Injury
699(20)
Giuseppe Buonocore
Serafina Perrone
Luisa De Marco
Carlo Valerio Bellieni
Introduction
699(11)
Conclusions
710(1)
References
711(8)
Role of Selenium, Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Parkinsonism
719(18)
G. Ali Qureshi
Shuja Ali Syed
S.H. Parvez
Introduction
719(2)
Patients and methods
721(1)
Results
722(1)
Discussion
723(8)
References
731(6)
Oxidative Stress in Phagocytic Cells: Changes with Age and Effect of Melatonin
737(26)
C. Barriga
M.P. Terron
S.H. Parvez
J. Cubero
D. Narciso
S.D. Paredes
S. Sanchez
A.B. Rodriguez
Introduction
737(7)
Pinealectomy, bursectomy, and the immune system
744(12)
Conclusions: future horizon
756(1)
References
757(6)
Index 763