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Part I The International Gas Market: Introductory Context and Principles |
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1 | (120) |
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1 Introduction: Nature and Scope of the International Gas Market |
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3 | (18) |
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3 | (4) |
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1.2 Nature and History of the Natural Gas Industry |
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7 | (6) |
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1.3 Low Carbon Transition and the Future of the Natural Gas Industry |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (4) |
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2 Technological Revolution in Natural Gas Developments and LNG: Policy Advancements and Their Implications for National and International Markets |
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21 | (52) |
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21 | (3) |
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2.2 The Changing Landscape in Energy Supply and Demand and the Role of LNG |
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24 | (4) |
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2.3 LNG: A Game-Changing Technology |
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28 | (9) |
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2.4 Managing Risks and Promoting the Reliability of LNG Supply in Global Markets: Country Studies--Policies and Management of Supply and Demand |
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37 | (18) |
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2.5 Recommendations: Future Role of LNG in Global Energy Supply |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (14) |
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3 I he Role or Natural Gas in a Just and hquitabic Energy Transition |
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73 | (24) |
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73 | (2) |
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3.2 The Just Energy Transition Discourse: Significance and Contours |
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75 | (7) |
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3.3 Natural Gas as an EPPfor a Just Global Energy Transition and Green Growth |
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82 | (4) |
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3.4 Maximizing the Full Value of Natural Gas for a Just Energy Transition |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (7) |
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4 Natural Gas and Energy Security |
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97 | (24) |
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97 | (1) |
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4.2 Nature and Scope of Energy Security |
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98 | (1) |
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4.3 Natural Gas in the World: Current Trends and Future Scenarios for Energy Security |
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99 | (11) |
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4.4 International Conflict and Cooperation |
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110 | (4) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (5) |
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Part II Decarbonisation of Natural Gas: Ongoing Transformations |
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121 | (162) |
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5 The Hydrogen Revolution and Natural Gas: A New Dawn in the European Union? |
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123 | (18) |
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123 | (1) |
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5.2 The Production of Hydrogen |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (10) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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6 LNG's Role in a Decarbonising Energy System: Lessons from the United Kingdom |
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141 | (32) |
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141 | (2) |
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6.2 Natural Gas and LNG in the UK |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (6) |
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6.4 Key Drivers and Tensions in the Role of LNG in the UK |
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151 | (10) |
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6.5 Addressing the Energy Transition Dynamics: Multi-level Perspective Analysis |
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161 | (5) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (4) |
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7 Russian Natural Gas Exports and the Energy Transition |
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173 | (24) |
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173 | (3) |
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7.2 The Current Place of Russian Gas in the European Energy Mix |
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176 | (3) |
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7.3 The Key Immediate Challenges for Russian Gas Exports to Europe |
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179 | (5) |
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7.4 Developing New Strategies for a Decarbonized Energy System |
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184 | (7) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (4) |
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8 Regulating Gas Flaring Emissions from Upstream Operations on US Federal Lands and in Nigeria |
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197 | (30) |
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197 | (4) |
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8.2 Developing Natural Gas for Domestic and International Markets |
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201 | (3) |
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8.3 Regulating Emissions in the Nigerian and US Gas Sector |
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204 | (15) |
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8.4 Addressing Sustainability and Decarbonization in Gas Operations |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (4) |
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9 A Political Economy of Energy Transition: Privatizing Natural Gas Assets in Gulf Arab States |
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227 | (14) |
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227 | (2) |
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9.2 Natural Gas Development Trajectories |
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229 | (2) |
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9.3 Privatization Agendas in the Gulf |
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231 | (1) |
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9.4 Gas Privatizations: Unrealized Potential? |
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232 | (3) |
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9.5 Energy Transitions and Future Prospects |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (4) |
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10 Natural Gas Subsidies and Their Implications for the Global Energy Transition |
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241 | (18) |
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241 | (3) |
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10.2 Subsidies, Natural Gas and the Global Energy Transition |
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244 | (3) |
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10.3 Reform of Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Indonesia, Argentina and Colombia |
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247 | (6) |
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10.4 Recommendations for Gradually Phasing Out Fossil Fuel Subsidies |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (3) |
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11 Legal Framework for Promoting Natural Gas in the Energy Transition: Lessons from Brazil's New Gas Law |
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259 | (24) |
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Thiago de Freitas Benevenuto |
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259 | (1) |
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11.2 The Brazilian Energy Matrix in the Context of Transition and the Potential of Natural Gas |
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260 | (2) |
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11.3 Brief Overview of the Natural Gas Market in Brazil That Preceded the "New Gas Law" |
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262 | (5) |
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267 | (11) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (3) |
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Part III Stakeholders Perspectives and Regulatory/Contractual Trends |
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283 | (282) |
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12 Natural Gas and Energy Transition for Large International Oil Companies |
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285 | (34) |
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Wellington Otto Bahnemann |
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Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros Costa |
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285 | (2) |
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12.2 Natural Gas and Climate Change |
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287 | (4) |
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12.3 Majors' Strategy for the Natural Gas Market |
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291 | (15) |
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12.4 Key Lessons from the Energy Transition Strategies of the Majors |
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306 | (5) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (7) |
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13 Decarbonising Shipping and the Role of LNG: International Law and Policy Trends |
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319 | (26) |
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319 | (2) |
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13.2 Decarbonizing Shipping Under the Current Climate Change Legal Framework |
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321 | (4) |
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13.3 The IMO and Its Efforts in Reducing GHG Emissions from Ships |
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325 | (8) |
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13.4 Using LNG as Marine Fuel |
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333 | (3) |
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13.5 The Future of LNG Fuel: The Legal and Policy Trends |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (7) |
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14 The Financing Spectrum for LNG Projects |
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345 | (22) |
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Gabriel Adeoluwa Onagoruwa |
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345 | (1) |
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14.2 LNG Financing Structures |
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346 | (8) |
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14.3 LNG Project Financing: Success Stories |
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354 | (4) |
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14.4 The Emergence of a Hybrid Financing Structure: NLNG Train 7 |
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358 | (5) |
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14.5 Conclusion: Template for the Future and Impact of Energy Transition on Financing Framework |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (3) |
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15 Host Government Instruments and Natural Gas Provisions |
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367 | (26) |
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Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros Costa |
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367 | (1) |
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15.2 Purposes and Types of Host Granting Instruments |
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368 | (3) |
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15.3 How Natural Gas Provisions Are Dealt with in HGIs: Case Studies |
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371 | (18) |
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15.4 Lessons and Recommendations |
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389 | (2) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
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16 Managing Energy Transition Risks in the Natural Gas Industry: Role of Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning (EPCC) Contracts |
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393 | (22) |
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393 | (2) |
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16.2 Managing Risk in Traditional Natural Gas Projects |
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395 | (7) |
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16.3 Profile of Critical Transition Risks That Might Emerge in Light of the Energy Transition |
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402 | (3) |
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16.4 Allocating Crucial Legal and Contractual Risks in Natural Gas Construction Contracts |
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405 | (3) |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (6) |
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17 Regulatory and Technical Opportunities for Reducing Flaring and Venting Operations in Oil and Gas Fields in Brazil |
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415 | (24) |
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Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros Costa |
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Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos |
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Joao Victor Correia Lopes |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (5) |
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17.3 Case Study: Technical and Regulatory Aspects About Flaring and Venting Activities |
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422 | (11) |
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17.4 Final Considerations |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (4) |
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18 Climate Risk and Physical Resilience: Adapting Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure for the Clean Energy Transition in Canada |
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439 | (22) |
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439 | (2) |
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18.2 Climate Risk and the Need to Increase Resilience of Natural Gas Infrastructure |
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441 | (2) |
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18.3 Repurposing and Adapting Existing Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure to Facilitate Canada's Clean Energy Transition |
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443 | (2) |
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18.4 Failure to Adequately Adapt Natural Gas Infrastructure: An Emerging Field of Corporate Liability |
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445 | (10) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (6) |
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19 Protecting Natural Gas Investments: Trends in Investment Treaties and Investors Projections in Africa |
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461 | (22) |
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461 | (2) |
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19.2 Africa's Natural Gas Resources: A Panoramic Overview |
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463 | (4) |
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19.3 Protection of Natural Gas Investments: Role of Bilateral, Regional, and Multilateral Energy Investment Treaties |
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467 | (11) |
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19.4 Conclusion and Recommendations |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (4) |
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20 International Trade Rules and Natural Gas Export: Trends and Challenges in National Markets |
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483 | (18) |
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483 | (2) |
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20.2 International Trade of Natural Gas: The Trends |
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485 | (4) |
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20.3 Natural Gas in the Kurdistan Region: An Overview |
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489 | (5) |
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20.4 Legal and Institutional Reform |
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494 | (2) |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (4) |
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21 Harnessing Opportunities for Synergy Between Natural Gas and Renewable Energy: Trends and Legal Requirements |
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501 | (24) |
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501 | (3) |
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21.2 The Importance of System Strength and Inertia in Power Systems |
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504 | (3) |
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21.3 Identifying Opportunities for Synergy Between Gas-Powered Generation and Renewable Energy |
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507 | (7) |
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21.4 Valuing Gas-Powered Generation in Electricity Markets with High VRE: Options for Legal and Regulatory Reform |
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514 | (5) |
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519 | (1) |
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520 | (5) |
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22 Energy Transition and the Role of Women: Advancing Gender-Aware Transition in the Natural Gas Industry |
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525 | (18) |
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Elisabeta Smaranda Olarinde |
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525 | (3) |
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22.2 Clean and Sustainable Energy for All Women: International and Regional Law Framework |
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528 | (3) |
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22.3 The Search for Gender Justice in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Sector: Review of Extant Legal Framework for the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria |
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531 | (6) |
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22.4 Advancing Gender Rights in the Oil and Gas Industry |
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537 | (2) |
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539 | (1) |
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539 | (4) |
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23 Promoting Cooperation in Natural Gas Development: Lessons from the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean |
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543 | (22) |
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543 | (2) |
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23.2 Attempts and Opportunities of Regional Cooperation |
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545 | (4) |
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23.3 Challenges to Regional Cooperation in the East Med |
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549 | (7) |
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23.4 How Challenges Can Be Overcome, and What Are the Ways Forward for Promoting Regional Cooperation in Natural Gas Development |
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556 | (2) |
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558 | (2) |
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560 | (1) |
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561 | (4) |
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Part IV Lessons Learned and Future Directions |
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565 | (46) |
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24 Energy Transitions and the Future of Natural Gas Law, Policy, and Research |
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567 | (28) |
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567 | (3) |
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24.2 How the Global Energy Transition Is Transforming Natural Gas Law and Policy |
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570 | (2) |
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24.3 The Search for Dynamic Legal Innovation: The Case of Nigeria |
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572 | (14) |
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24.4 The Need for Innovative Legal, Policy, and Research Agenda for the Energy Transition |
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586 | (1) |
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587 | (3) |
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590 | (5) |
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25 The Future of Natural Gas: Synthesis and Summary for Policy Makers |
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595 | (16) |
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595 | (2) |
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25.2 Natural Gas and the Global Transition Towards Clean Energy: A Synthesis |
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597 | (10) |
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607 | (1) |
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608 | (3) |
| Index |
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611 | |