Extraordinary in the diversity of their lifestyles, insect parasitoids have become extremely important study organisms in the field of population biology, and they are the most frequently used agents in the biological control of insect pests. This book presents the ideas of seventeen international specialists, providing the reader not only with an overview but also with lively discussions of the most salient questions pertaining to the field today and prescriptions for avenues of future research.
After a general introduction, the book divides into three main sections: population dynamics, population diversity, and population applications. The first section covers gaps in our knowledge in parasitoid behavior, parasitoid persistence, and how space and landscape affect dynamics. The contributions on population diversity consider how evolution has molded parasitoid populations and communities. The final section calls for novel approaches toward resolving the enigma of success in biological control and questions why parasitoids have been largely neglected in conservation biology. Parasitoid Population Biology will likely be an important influence on research well into the twenty-first century and will provoke discussion amongst parasitoid biologists and population biologists.
In addition to the editors, the contributors are Carlos Bernstein, Jacques Brodeur, Jerome Casas, H.C.J. Godfray, Susan Harrison, Alan Hastings, Bradford A. Hawkins, George E. Heimpel, Marcel Holyoak, Nick Mills, Bernard D. Roitberg, Jens Roland, Michael R. Strand, Teja Tscharntke, and Minus van Baalen.
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"An excellent edited volume that provides a useful synthesis of knowledge in the field and clear guidance for future research goals. The book is not an exhaustive review of the field, but it is more readable because it is focused on a limited number of specific problems... [ It] is concise and coherent enough so that readers will want to read the entire volume."--Timothy P. Craig, Ecology "A useful and interesting book."--Donald H. Feener, Jr.,The Quarterly Review of Biology
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I have often been asked what are the interesting questions to study in host-parasitoid biology, and this volume suggests a large number in a variety of different fields. In so doing, it will interest a wider audience than simply scientists working specifically in host-parasitoid biology. For both, however, the book will stimulate new research ideas. By looking forward, as well as reviewing the past, Parasitoid Population Biology makes for a novel, interesting, and timely addition to the field. -- Howard Wilson, Biology Department, Imperial College The underlying rationale for Parasitoid Population Biology--the need to question our current understanding of parasitoid population biology--is a laudable one. The editors and contributors are recognized experts at the international level, and are at the cutting edge of parasitoid population biology research. As such, they are well placed to assess the current state of the subject. I thoroughly enjoyed reading the book, and I expect to consult it frequently in my own research and teaching. -- Mark Jervis, Cardiff University Hochberg and Ives have brought together a group of leading researchers to remind populations biologists of every stripe of the unparalleled opportunity that parasitoids offer for studying the integration of ecology and evolution. In no other animal group is resource acquisition (i.e., foraging for hosts) so tightly linked to reproduction (i.e., oviposition into those hosts). As the chapters of this book convincingly demonstrate, this linkage between foraging and reproducing in parasitoids leads to tractable theories that connect life history variations to population regulation and community structure in both space and time. Although parasitoids are not without difficulties as experimental subjects, several authors show the wealth of empirical information already available as well as point to forthcoming innovations that will make parasitoid study even more important in the near future. This book tells us where we stand vis a vis parasitoids, but more importantly, it shows us where we can go. -- Arthur E. Weis, University of California, Irvine
Preface xi List of Contributors xiii Introduction 3(12) Michael E. Hochberg Anthony R. Ives PART ONE: POPULATION DYNAMICS 15(86) Host Location and Selection in the Field 17(10) Jerome Casas Effects of Parasitoid Clutch Size on Host-Parasitoid Population Dynamics 27(14) George E. Heimpel Host-Parasitoid Models: The Story of a Successful Failure 41(17) Carlos Bernstein A Field Guide to Studying Spatial Pattern Formation in Host-Parasitoid Systems 58(12) Susan Harrison Parasitoid Spread: Lessons for and from Invasion Biology 70(13) Alan Hastings Landscape Ecology of Parasitism 83(18) Jens Roland PART TWO: POPULATION DIVERSITY 101(114) The Evolution of Parasitoid Egg Load 103(18) Minus van Baalen Host Resistance, Parasitoid Virulence, and Population Dynamics 121(18) H. C. J. Godfray Developmental traits and Life-History Evolution in Parasitoids 139(24) Michael R. Strand Host Specificity and Trophic Relationships of Hyperparasitoids 163(21) Jacques Brodeur Comparing Parasitoid-Dominated Food Webs with Other Food Webs: Problems and Future Promises 184(14) Marcel Holyoak Species Coexistence in Parasitoid Communities: Does Competition Matter? 198(17) Bradford A. Hawkins PART THREE: POPULATION APPLICATIONS 215(90) Biological Control: The Need for Realistic Models and experimental approaches to Parasitoid Introductions 217(18) Nick Mills Parasitoid Populations in the Agricultural Landscape 235(19) Teja Tscharntke Threats, Flies, and Protocol Gaps: Can Evolutionary Ecology Save Biological Control? 254(12) Bernard D. Roitberg ``What, Conserve Parasitoids? 266(12) Michael E. Hochberg Conclusions: Debating Parasitoid Population Biology over the Next Twenty Years 278(27) Anthony R. Ives Michael E. Hochberg References 305(54) Index 359
Michael E. Hochberg is a Research Director with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. A recipient of the Silver Medal of the CNRS in 1997, he employs both empirical and theoretical approaches toward understanding fundamental and applied aspects of evolution in host-parasite associations. Anthony R. Ives is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Zoology and Entomology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is a theoretical ecologist who conducts empirical research on aphid pests and their parasitoids in agricultural systems.
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