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E-raamat: Passive Vibration Control of Structures

(Deaprtment of Civil Engineering, Indina Institute of Technology, Delhi, India), (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Pune, India)
  • Formaat: 414 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351978514
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Passive Vibration Control of StructuresSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 414 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-May-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351978514
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Research in vibration response control deals not only with prevention of catastrophic failures of structures during natural or accidental/manmade hazards but also ensures the comfort of occupants through serviceability. Therefore, the focus of this book is on the theory of dynamic response control of structures by using different kinds of passive vibration control devices. The strategies used for controlling displacement, velocity, and acceleration response of structures such as buildings, bridges, and liquid storage tanks under the action of dynamic loads emanating from earthquake, wind, wave, and so forth are detailed.

The book:





Explains fundamentals of vibration response control devices and their practical applications in response mitigation of structures exposed to earthquake, wind, and wave loading Offers a comprehensive overview of each passive damper, its functioning, and mathematical modeling in a dynamical system Covers practical aspects of employing the passive control devices to some of the benchmark problems that are developed from existing buildings and bridges in different countries worldwide Includes MATLAB® codes for determining the dynamic response of single degree of freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) systems along with computational models of the passive control devices

This book is aimed at senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers in civil, earthquake, aerospace, automotive, mechanical engineering, engineering dynamics, and vibration control, including structural engineers, architects, designers, manufacturers, and other professionals.
Photos and Attribution xi
Preface xiii
About the Authors xv
Chapter 1 Structural Vibration Control Using Passive Devices
1(32)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Control of Structural Vibrations
1(12)
1.2.1 Response of Structures under Earthquake Excitations
4(3)
1.2.2 Response of Structures under Wind Excitations
7(3)
1.2.3 Response of Structures under Wave Excitations
10(1)
1.2.4 Need for Structural Response Control
11(2)
1.3 Classification of Structural Vibration Control Strategies
13(20)
1.3.1 Passive Vibration Control Strategies
14(1)
1.3.1.1 State-of-the-Art Review
14(1)
1.3.1.2 Salient Features, Advantages, and Limitations
15(1)
1.3.1.3 Base Isolation
16(1)
1.3.1.4 Bracing System
17(1)
1.3.1.5 Viscous Damper
17(1)
1.3.1.6 Viscoelastic Damper
17(1)
1.3.1.7 Mass Damper
18(1)
1.3.1.8 Friction Damper
19(1)
1.3.1.9 Metallic Damper
19(1)
1.3.1.10 Re-Centering Devices
19(1)
1.3.1.11 Wire Rope Isolator
20(1)
1.3.2 Active Control Strategies
20(1)
1.3.2.1 Salient Features of Active Control Strategies
20(1)
1.3.2.2 Advantages of Active Control Strategies
21(1)
1.3.2.3 Limitations of Active Control Strategies
21(1)
1.3.2.4 Applications of Active Control Techniques
22(1)
1.3.3 Semi-Active Control Strategies
23(2)
1.3.3.1 Salient Features of Semi-Active Control Strategies
25(1)
1.3.3.2 Advantages of Semi-Active Control Strategies
26(1)
1.3.3.3 Limitations of Semi-Active Control Strategies
26(1)
1.3.3.4 Applications of Semi-Active Control Techniques
26(2)
1.3.4 Hybrid Control Strategies
28(1)
1.3.4.1 Salient Features of Hybrid Control Strategies
29(1)
1.3.4.2 Advantages of Hybrid Control Strategies
29(1)
1.3.4.3 Limitations of Hybrid Control Strategies
29(1)
1.3.4.4 Applications of Hybrid Control Techniques
29(3)
Reference
32(1)
Chapter 2 Dynamic Loading on Structures and Structural Response
33(22)
2.1 Selection of Earthquake Ground Motion Records
33(7)
2.1.1 Near-Fault Earthquake Ground Motions
36(1)
2.1.1.1 Forward-Directivity
36(1)
2.1.1.2 Fling-Step Effect
37(1)
2.1.2 Far-Fault Earthquake Ground Motions
37(1)
2.1.3 Scaling of Earthquake Ground Motions
37(1)
2.1.3.1 Scaling Based on ASCE 7-16 (2017)
37(1)
2.1.3.2 Scaling Based on Conditional Mean Spectrum
38(1)
2.1.3.3 Scaling Based on Uniform Design Method
38(1)
2.1.4 Synthetic Earthquake Ground Motions
38(1)
2.1.5 Structural Response under Near-Fault and Far-Fault Earthquakes
39(1)
2.2 Wind Loading
40(9)
2.2.1 Wind Loading on Buildings
42(1)
2.2.1.1 Designing a Building for Wind
42(1)
2.2.1.2 Mitigation of Wind Forces on Tall Buildings
43(1)
2.2.2 Wind Loading on Bridges
43(1)
2.2.2.1 Mitigation of Wind Effects on Bridges
44(1)
2.2.2.2 Design Considerations
44(1)
2.2.2.3 Construction Safety
44(1)
2.2.2.4 Cable Vibrations
45(1)
2.2.3 Wind Loading on Chimneys
45(1)
2.2.4 Wind Loading on Towers
45(1)
2.2.5 Wind Tunnel Test
46(1)
2.2.5.1 Types of Wind Tunnel Tests
47(2)
2.3 Wave Loading
49(6)
2.3.1 Wave-induced Dynamic Forces
50(1)
2.3.1.1 Computation of the Sea State
50(1)
2.3.1.2 Computation of the Wave Forces
51(1)
2.3.2 Dynamic Response of Offshore Structures
52(1)
2.3.3 Morison's Equation for Modeling of Wave Forces
52(1)
2.3.4 Pierson-Moskowitz Wave Height Spectrum
52(1)
2.3.5 Governing Equation of Motion for Wave Loading
53(1)
2.3.6 Structural Response under Wave Loads
54(1)
References
54(1)
Chapter 3 Bracing Systems
55(34)
3.1 Introduction
55(1)
3.2 Buckling-Resistant Braces (BRBs)
55(17)
3.3 Diagonal Bracing
72(1)
3.4 Concentrically Braced Frames
73(3)
3.5 Eccentrically Braced Frames
76(5)
3.6 X-Type Brace
81(1)
3.7 K-Type Brace
81(1)
3.8 V Brace and Inverted V Brace (Chevron Brace)
82(1)
3.9 Outrigger Braced System
82(1)
3.10 Toggle Brace
82(2)
3.11 Negative Stiffness Damper
84(1)
3.12 Lead Rubber Shear Damper
85(1)
3.13 Passive Tendon System
86(3)
References
87(2)
Chapter 4 Viscous and Viscoelastic Dampers
89(44)
4.1 Introduction
89(1)
4.2 Fluid Viscous Dampers
89(15)
4.2.1 Linear Fluid Viscous Damper
92(1)
4.2.2 Nonlinear Fluid Viscous Damper
92(4)
4.2.3 GERB Fluid Viscous Damper
96(2)
4.2.4 Viscous Damping Wall
98(6)
4.3 Viscoelastic Damper
104(11)
4.3.1 Viscoelastic Solid Damper
107(5)
4.3.2 Viscoelastic Fluid Damper
112(3)
4.4 Oil Damper
115(1)
4.5 Orifice Fluid Damper
116(1)
4.6 Lead Extrusion Damper
116(17)
References
131(2)
Chapter 5 Tuned Dampers
133(54)
5.1 Tuned Mass Damper
133(28)
5.1.1 Simple Pendulum
134(3)
5.1.2 Pendulum with Damper
137(2)
5.1.3 Inverted Pendulum with Damper and Spring
139(1)
5.1.4 Two-Mass Damper
140(5)
5.1.5 Multistage Tuned Mass Damper
145(2)
5.1.6 Mass on Rubber Bearing
147(1)
5.1.7 Multiple and Distributed Tuned Mass Dampers
147(5)
5.1.8 Timed Mass Damper Inerter
152(1)
5.1.9 Merits of Tuned Mass Dampers
153(1)
5.1.10 Demerits of Timed Mass Dampers
153(1)
5.1.11 Worldwide Applications of Tuned Mass Dampers
153(8)
5.2 Tuned Liquid Damper
161(26)
5.2.1 Sloped Bottom Tuned Liquid Damper
162(6)
5.2.2 Tuned Liquid Column Damper
168(3)
5.2.3 Tuned Liquid Damper with Floats
171(1)
5.2.4 Merits of Tuned Liquid Damper
172(1)
5.2.5 Demerits of Tuned Liquid Damper
172(1)
5.2.6 Worldwide Applications of Tuned Liquid Damper
173(13)
References
186(1)
Chapter 6 Friction Dampers
187(32)
6.1 Introduction
187(1)
6.2 X-Braced Pall Friction Damper
187(11)
6.3 Sumitomo Friction Damper
198(1)
6.4 Constant and Proportional Friction Damper
198(1)
6.5 Slotted Bolted Friction Damper
199(3)
6.6 Energy Dissipating Restraint
202(2)
6.7 Pseudo-Viscous Frictional Damper
204(1)
6.8 Double-Face Frictional Damper
205(1)
6.9 Multidirectional Torsional Damper
205(14)
References
218(1)
Chapter 7 Metallic Dampers
219(20)
7.1 Introduction
219(1)
7.2 X-Shaped Metallic Damper (ADAS Device)
219(3)
7.3 Tyler's Yielding Steel Bracing System
222(2)
7.4 Steel Damper
224(5)
7.4.1 Bar-Type Steel Damper
224(1)
7.4.2 Loop-Type Steel Damper
225(1)
7.4.3 Portal-Type Steel Damper
225(1)
7.4.4 Ring-Type Steel Damper
226(3)
7.4.5 Plate-Type Steel Damper
229(1)
7.5 Dual-Pipe Damper and Infilled-Pipe Damper
229(1)
7.6 Triangular Metallic Damper
230(3)
7.7 Dual Function Metallic Damper
233(1)
7.7.1 Strip Metallic Damper
233(1)
7.7.2 Round-Hole Metallic Damper
233(1)
7.7.3 Double X-Shaped Metallic Damper
234(1)
7.8 Metallic Yielding-Friction Damper
234(5)
References
236(3)
Chapter 8 Re-centering Devices
239(16)
8.1 Introduction
239(1)
8.2 Pressurized Fluid Damper
239(2)
8.3 Preloaded Spring Friction Damper
241(1)
8.3.1 Mathematical Model of Preloaded Spring Friction Damper
241(1)
8.4 Self-Centering Seismic-Resistant System
242(5)
8.4.1 Applications of Self-Centering System
243(4)
8.5 Shape Memory Alloy Devices
247(8)
8.5.1 Mathematical Model of SMA-Based Device
248(5)
References
253(2)
Chapter 9 Miscellaneous Response Control Devices
255(8)
9.1 Wire Rope Isolators
255(5)
9.2 Bretelle Damper
260(1)
9.3 Spacer Damper
260(3)
References
262(1)
Chapter 10 Advances in Passive Control Strategies: Hybrid Control
263(56)
10.1 Introduction
263(1)
10.2 Passive Control Systems
263(1)
10.3 Hybrid Control Systems
264(1)
10.4 Hybrid Base Isolation System for Buildings and Bridges
264(55)
References
318(1)
Chapter 11 Introduction to Benchmark Control Problems
319(73)
11.1 Introduction
319(1)
11.2 Seismically Excited 8-Story Base-Isolated Benchmark Building
319(8)
11.2.1 Model of 8-Story Benchmark Building
319(2)
11.2.2 Governing Equations of Motion
321(2)
11.2.3 Evaluation Criteria
323(1)
11.2.4 Peak Response
324(1)
11.2.5 RMS Response
325(1)
11.2.6 Earthquake Ground Excitations
326(1)
11.2.7 Numerical Study
326(1)
11.3 Seismically Excited 20-Story Steel Benchmark Building
327(28)
11.3.1 Model of the Seismically Excited 20-Story Steel Benchmark Building
328(2)
11.3.2 Evaluation Model for 20-Story Benchmark Building
330(1)
11.3.3 Governing Equations of Motion
331(1)
11.3.4 Earthquake Ground Motions
332(1)
11.3.5 Evaluation Criteria
333(3)
11.3.6 Numerical Study
336(2)
11.3.6.1 Application of SMA Dampers
338(1)
11.3.6.2 Application of Viscous Damping Walls
339(1)
11.3.6.3 Application of Friction Dampers
339(12)
11.3.6.4 Application of d-TMDs
351(4)
11.4 Wind Excited 76-Story Benchmark Building
355(6)
11.4.1 Model of the Wind Excited 76-Story Benchmark Building
355(2)
11.4.2 Performance Criteria
357(1)
11.4.3 RMS Response
357(1)
11.4.4 Peak Response
358(1)
11.4.4.1 Application of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCD)
359(1)
11.4.4.2 Application of Friction Dampers
359(1)
11.4.4.3 Application of Fluid Viscous Dampers
360(1)
11.4.4.4 Application of TMD
360(1)
11.5 Seismically Excited Benchmark Highway Bridge
361(12)
11.5.1 Evaluation Model
362(1)
11.5.2 Finite Element Model
363(1)
11.5.3 Reduced-Order Controller Design Model
364(1)
11.5.4 Governing Equations of Motion
364(1)
11.5.5 Evaluation Criteria
365(1)
11.5.6 Peak Response
365(1)
11.5.7 Normed Response
366(1)
11.5.8 Control Requirement
367(1)
11.5.9 Earthquake Ground Excitations
368(1)
11.5.10 Phase I and Phase II of the Benchmark Highway Bridge
369(1)
11.5.11 Sample Controllers for the Benchmark Highway Bridge
369(2)
11.5.11.1 Application of Sliding Isolators
371(1)
11.5.12 Numerical Study
372(1)
11.5.13 Seismic Response Control of Benchmark Highway Bridge: Phase II
373(1)
11.5.14 Evaluation Criteria
373(1)
11.6 Seismically Excited Benchmark Cable-Stayed Bridge
373(19)
11.6.1 Evaluation Model
376(6)
11.6.2 Finite Element Model
382(1)
11.6.3 Nonlinear Static Analysis
382(2)
11.6.4 Reduced-Order Controller Design Model
384(1)
11.6.5 Evaluation Criteria
384(1)
11.6.6 Peak Response
384(1)
11.6.7 Normed Response
385(1)
11.6.8 Control Requirement
386(2)
11.6.9 Earthquake Ground Excitations
388(1)
11.6.10 Numerical Study
388(4)
References 392(1)
Index 393
Suhasini N. Madhekar is currently working as Professor of Applied Mechanics in the Department of Civil Engineering at College of Engineering Pune (COEP). She obtained her doctorate degree from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. The subject of her doctoral research was "Seismic Control of Benchmark Highway Bridge." Her PhD thesis is published in a form of book by LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH and Company, Germany. Her research interests include structural dynamics and vibration control, bridge engineering, and protection of structures from earthquake. She is a supervisor of students for doctoral research. She is Fellow of Institution of Engineers, IEI (India), Indian Society of Earthquake Technology (ISET), and life member of ISSE, Indian ASTR, IIBE, ISET and ICI. Prof. Madhekar has published a book, Seismic Design of RC Buildings - Theory and Practice, coauthored by Mr. Sharad Manohar. The book is of international repute, published by Springer. The book was awarded "Best book of the year - Useful to consultants," in 2015, by the Association of Consulting Civil Engineers, India. She has published international journal papers, conference papers, and book chapters. Prof. Madhekar has delivered invited lectures in different educational institutes and is invited as examiner for evaluation of masters and PhD theses by different universities. Prof. Madhekar is recipient of the Excellence in Teaching Award at College of Engineering Pune, the "COEP Star Award." She works as a member of board of studies and as a member of research and review committees at different universities in India.

Vasant A. Matsagar is currently serving as a Dogra Chair Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. He obtained his doctorate degree from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay in 2005 in the area of seismic base isolation of structures. He performed his postdoctoral research at the Lawrence Technological University (LTU), United States, in the area of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) in bridge structures for about four years. His current research interests include structural dynamics and vibration control; multi-hazard protection of structures from earthquake, blast, fire, and wind; finite element methods; fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) in prestressed concrete structures; and bridge engineering. He has guided students at both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) levels in their bachelors and masters projects and doctoral research. Besides student guidance, he is actively engaged in sponsored research and consultancy projects at national and international levels. He has published hundreds of international journal papers, other hundreds of international conference manuscripts, a book, six edited proceedings, and has filed for two patents. He is also involved in teaching courses in structural engineering, e.g., structural analysis, finite element methods, numerical methods, structural stability, structural dynamics, design of steel and concrete structures to name a few. He has received the Excellence in Teaching Award. He has organized several short- and long-term courses as part of a quality improvement program (QIP) and continuing education program (CEP) and delivered invited lectures in different educational and research organizations. He is Fellow of Institution of Engineers, IEI (India), Indian Society of Earthquake Technology (ISET), and member of several professional societies. Prof. Matsagar is the recipient of numerous national and international awards including "CDRI Fellowship" by the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) in 2021; ASEM-DUO India Professor Fellowship Award in 2020; Erasmus+ Fellowship in 2020; "Humboldt Research Fellowship" in 2017; "Erasmus Mundus Award" in 2013; "DST Young Scientist Award" by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) in 2012; "DAAD Awards" by the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) in 2009 and 2012; "DAE Young Scientist Award" by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 2011; "IBC Award for Excellence in Built Environment" by the Indian Buildings Congress (IBC) in 2010; "IEI Young Engineer Award" by the Institution of Engineers (India) in 2009; and "Outstanding Young Faculty Fellowship" by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi in 2009. He has also been appointed as "DAAD Research Ambassador" by the German Academic Exchange Program since the academic session 2010. He is serving as Chief Editor and member of editorials boards of several indexed journals of repute. He is currently serving on code development committees in the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
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