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E-raamat: Peace Figuration after International Intervention: Intentions, Events and Consequences of Liberal Peacebuilding

(Dublin City University, Ireland)
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This book introduces ‘peace figuration’ as a concept offers a critique of and constructs a new framework for analysing peacebuilding practices in a long-term perspective.

The analytical framework of peace figuration provides a critical disentanglement of peacebuilding process by exploring 1) metaphysics of peacebuilding mediated through intentions, 2) performativity of peacebuilding mediated through events, 3) and normative and analytical validity of peacebuilding mediated through the consequences and outcomes that emerge. The linkage between intentions, events, and consequences is crucial as it captures the profound figuration of peace. The examination of consequences requires a situational and a sustainable critique, thus tracing back key intentions and events that have triggered various consequences.

The first aspect of peace figuration is to scrutinise intentionality behind peacebuilding endeavours. Behind each action there is a dose of intentionality, which represents the starting point of a peacebuilding cycle and is influenced by previous knowledge, experiences, and events. The second aspect of peace figuration relates to peacebuilding events. In peacebuilding practices, events are considered those important moments around which the implementation of peace process takes place. The third and most important aspect of peace figuration is a critical disentanglement of peacebuilding consequences. Peacebuilding consequences refer here to the various types of consequences, which are either directly caused by international peacebuilding actions, or indirectly caused when international peacebuilders did not take preventative action. To ensure that this new framework is empirically grounded as an analytically viable approach, three post-conflict cases, which have experienced protracted international peacebuilding, are examined in detail: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Timor-Leste. The evidence from these three case studies shows that liberal peacebuilding is unfit for purpose, while critical local agency has also impeded peace formation. Current peacebuilding practices are characterised by a mismatch between good intentions and bad consequences. The figuration of peace in these three cases has been different from what was intended and expected, the scope of local agency was more important (often in a devious fashion) than recognized by mainstream research, and the spectrum of consequences had a profound influence on shaping peace. Seen from a figurational point of view, most of the peacebuilding processes were shaped by events that were not intended, anticipated, or prevented by liberal peace forces.

This book will be of much interest to students of statebuilding, peacebuilding, war and conflict studies, security studiesd and IR.

Arvustused

Critical thinkers have long been calling for an empirical analysis of the sociology of peace interventions, as well as their relationality with the subjects of those interventions. Visoka's book moves the debate further in this direction with a fascinating analysis of key aspects of international peace interventions in Bosnia Herzegovina, Kosovo and Timor Leste, measuring intentionality against outcomes. Visoka's superb book illustrates how consequences flow from such interventions, often undermining their attempts to achieve specific goals, and placing political development upon an alternative trajectory. -- Oliver P. Richmond, University of Manchester, UK

'This excellent volume brings new insights into one of the defining international challenges of our time: how to support peace and reconstruction in post-conflict societies in a way that is both effective and legitimate. The idea of peace figuration takes the debate forward into new theoretical directions, and the book draws upon important empirical illustrations. It is highly recommended to researchers and students alike.' -- Edward Newman, University of Leeds, UK

'Gëzim Visoka's achievement is to reconceptualise peacebuilding as relational processes. Peace Figuration analyses a Clausewitzian clash of relations in which the best laid strategies and expectations, posited as common interests in a clear victory for peace, are constantly jeopardised by frictions. Visoka challenges the problem-solving, lessons-learned approach to peacebuilding by identifying the sociological essence of peace and the huge significance of unintended outcomes. Many of these outcomes lie in the uncertain futures of war-affected societies, likely to rebound disconcertingly against 'liberal' power. This absorbing analysis will engage a wide readership of students and policy-makers.' -- Michael Pugh, Emeritus Professor University of Bradford, UK

'Gëzim Visoka has made a major contribution both theoretically and empirically to the study of liberal peacebuilding. Theoretically, he takes further the recent application of Norbert Eliass sociological ideas to the field of international politics (thus also helping to rescue sociology from its increasingly narrow, domestic, short-term and policy-orientated foci). And his case studies explain the unpredicted outcomes of three well-intentioned interventions.' -- Stephen Mennell, Professor Emeritus, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland

Acknowledgements x
List of abbreviations
xi
1 Introduction: figuring out peace
1(14)
PART I Foundations of peace figuration
15(58)
2 How do we know peace? Rethinking liberal and critical epistemologies of peacebuilding
17(27)
3 Peace figuration: towards a new framework for analysis
44(29)
PART II Peace figuration in practice
73(114)
4 Peace figuration in Bosnia and Herzegovina
75(28)
5 Peace figuration in Kosovo
103(29)
6 Peace figuration in Timor-Leste
132(28)
7 At peace's end: disfiguring the impact of liberal peacebuilding
160(27)
Index 187
Gëzim Visoka is a Lecturer in Peace and Conflict Studies at Dublin City University, Ireland.