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E-raamat: Penal Crisis and the Clapham Omnibus

  • Formaat: 256 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jul-2009
  • Kirjastus: Waterside Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781906534776
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  • Formaat: 256 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jul-2009
  • Kirjastus: Waterside Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781906534776
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Based on a lifetime of research and experience, this book deals with the concerns about crime and punishment of that most vivid of judicial creations, 'The Man or Woman on the Clapham Omnibus'. As the author explains, this human reference point for reason and good sense is likely to be far more receptive to sound explanation and argument than the media (and tabloid press in particular) might give credit. And after all, it is his or her taxes which are being routinely wasted on outmoded or discredited methods. Crime will not disappear through the application of heavy-handed sanctions. Indeed, they make matters worse. With prisons overflowing in many western countries, restorative justice offers a better and ultimately more intuitive solution. Cornwell dismantles the traditional arguments for 'locking people away' and undermines the idea that it is necessary to be 'tough on crime'. The book credits people with a higher level of intelligence. It provides them with proper answers and explanations based on sound data, copious research and an in-depth analysis of existing trends. It is a work for people who value credibility rather than politically-driven excuses with their increasingly damaging effects.
Foreword viii
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction xv
Determinants of Criminal Justice Policy
xv
The Structure of this Book
xx
Part One Overview — Issues of Principle
xxi
Part Two Overview — Rethinking Prisons
xxii
Part Three Overview - More Effective Community Sanctions
xxiii
Some Preliminary Observations
xxv
Dedication xxvii
About the author xxviii
1. Why Are So Many Criminal Justice Systems Presently In Crisis? 29
The legacy of the 'Nothing Works' era
29
How do penal systems get into crisis?
33
The parallel effects on community corrections
36
Public attitudes towards crime and offenders
38
2. What is Restorative Justice, and What Does it Offer? 41
Different justice or better justice?
41
A chance to think differently about justice
43
A new approach to guilt and harm
44
Inclusive justice
45
Community involvement in justice
48
A re-assessment of causes and effects of crime
50
3. Does Restorative Justice 'Do Away' With Retribution? 52
Legally punitive responses to crime
53
Retributive justice 'undressed'
54
Restorative penology: a `neo-rehabilitative' approach?
57
Is restorative penology anti-retributive?
59
4. Would Wider Use of Restorative Justice Increase Public Risk? 63
Crime and public risk
64
Truths, myths and public attitudes
67
Restorative justice and public risk
69
Balancing the custody: community equation
72
5. Could Restorative Justice Give Victims of Crime a Better Deal? 76
Great expectations: meagre outcomes
76
What do victims require from criminal justice?
78
Can restorative practices improve justice delivery?
81
A stakeholder approach to victim vindication
83
6. Why Are Prisons as Presently Operated So Ineffective? 88
Management of prisons: order, amenity and service
89
Prisons, ideology and reality
93
The root causes of prison ineffectiveness
95
The need for a new custodial vision
97
7. Does Restorative Justice Propose Less Use of Prisons? 100
Re-setting the prison population parameters
100
Building towards reduction: a restorative approach
104
The morality of prison reduction
108
Less prisoners and better prisons
110
8. Can Prisons Rehabilitate Offenders Effectively? 112
What is penal rehabilitation?
112
Prisons and rehabilitation
115
Do the facts of custodial life rule out rehabilitation?
118
If not rehabilitation, then what?
120
9. Reparative and Restorative Prison Regimes: Pipedream or Paradigm? 124
The importance of voluntarism
125
Responsibility and participation
127
Self-analysis and reparative action
129
Social reintegration
132
10. How Can Prisons Become More 'Community Friendly'? 136
Balancing risks: taking a broader view
137
The custody: community equation
138
Creating a different custodial image
141
Changing the traditional custodial culture
143
Encouraging community stakeholders
146
11. What Should Be the Real Purposes of Community Corrections? 149
Conceiving a change of penal direction
150
Implications of penal system change for community corrections
155
Community corrections with a new purpose
158
Towards a structure for social reintegration
161
12. Could Restorative Justice Transform the Community Corrections System? 164
Community justice since the 1960's
164
Back to basics: the need to limit `managerialism
165
Envisaging a different concept of community justice
169
Re-focussing community corrections
173
13. Can Non-Custodial Sanctions Have Significant Community Benefit? 178
How can public confidence in community sanctions be improved?
178
Delivering effectiveness in non-custodial sanctions
183
Communities as beneficiaries of corrections
186
Creating space for community involvement
189
14. Who Should Operate and Supervise Community Sanctions? 195
Creating unity and preserving professional identity
195
Making community sanctions visible
199
Holism and realism in community sanctions
201
Conceiving simplicity and effectiveness in community justice delivery
204
15. Epilogue: The Case for Unified Restorative Corrections 210
Corrections in context
211
Reviewing the structure of justice
213
Problems of enhancing operational justice
216
Unification or bust?
220
Bibliography 224
Glossary of Some Key Terms Used in this Book 240
Index 245
David J Cornwell is a criminologist and consultant with extensive practical experience of prisons and imprisonment, having worked in senior positions within the public and private sectors in the UK and abroad. He has written two previous and acclaimed books on restorative justice, Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice (2006) and Doing Justice Better (2007) (both Waterside Press). Foreword author Heather Strang is the Director of the Centre for Restorative Justice at the Australian National University and one of the leading international commentators on this topic.