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E-raamat: People and Rail Systems: Human Factors at the Heart of the Railway

(University of Nottingham, UK), ,
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Following on from 2005's Rail Human Factors: Supporting the Integrated Railway, this book brings together an even broader range of academics and practitioners from around the world to share their expertise and experience on rail human factors. The content is both comprehensive and cutting-edge, featuring more than 55 chapters addressing the following topics: ¢ Passengers and public ¢ Driver performance and workload ¢ Driving and cognition ¢ Train cab and interfaces: simulation and design ¢ Routes, signage, signals and drivability ¢ Signalling and control of the railway ¢ Planning for the railway ¢ Engineering work and maintenance ¢ Level crossings ¢ Accidents and safety ¢ Human error and human reliability ¢ SPADs: signals passed at danger ¢ Human factors integration and standards ¢ Impairments to performance ¢ Staff competencies and training. People and Rail Systems: Human Factors at the Heart of the Railway will be invaluable for all those concerned with making railways safer, more reliable, of higher quality and more efficient. It will be essential reading for policy-makers, researchers and industry around the world.

Arvustused

'While building off their first volume, the editors chose to expand their scope and at the same time focus on very topical issues, such as safety culture and climate, interplay of workload and fatigue on system safety, sleep disorders and human reliability analysis. ... Human factors research in the rail-road industry has been slowly increasing, though it still lags behind other transportation modes. The scientific reports provided in this text represent state-of-the-art knowledge and should be of use to other researchers, regulators, manufacturers, and operators.' Ergonomics in Design, Summer 2008

List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xvii
List of Contributors
xxi
PART I: INTRODUCTION
Introduction
3(6)
John R. Wilson
Ann Mills
Theresa Clarke
Beverley Norris
Real Prediction of Real Performance
9(16)
Neville Moray
PART II: PASSENGERS AND PUBLIC
Wayfinding, Accessibility, Inclusive Design and Passenger Information Systems: `Euston Station and Beyond'
25(12)
Matt Pattison
John R. Wilson
Theresa Clarke
Improving the Content and Placement of Anti-Trespass Signs
37(12)
Nicola Forsdike
Claire Turner
Fiona Bellerby
Sue Nelson
Paul McGuire
Travel Information vs Commercial Signboards: The Battle between Travel and Shopping
49(14)
Answina D.P. Zwaagstra
PART III: DRIVER PERFORMANCE AND WORKLOAD
Assessing the Impact of Increased Numbers of CCTV Images on Driver Only Operation of a Train
63(8)
M. Wood
M. Freer
E. Grimes
N. Brook-Carter
Understanding Driver Route Knowledge
71(8)
R. Luther
H. Livingstone
T. Gipson
E. Grimes
Robot Trains: Results of Focus Groups with Remote Control Operators in the United States and Canada
79(12)
Stephen Reinach
PART IV: DRIVING AND COGNITION
Cognitive Workload of Train Drivers
91(12)
Use Gillis
Train Drivers and Fatal Accidents on the Rails: Psychological Aspects and Safety
103(12)
Valdimar Briem
Sonia de Lima
Camilla Siotis
The Cognitive Tasks of the Driver: The Approach and Passage Through Diverging Junctions
115(10)
Amanda C. Elliott
Sarah D. Garner
Elaine Grimes
A Train Driving Simulator Experiment to Investigate Driver Fault Diagnosis
125(12)
W.H. Gibson
M.W. Halliday
L. Sutton
J. Shelton
M. Bond
PART V: TRAIN CAB AND INTERFACES: SIMULATION AND DESIGN
An Ergonomics Methodology for Retrofitting Equipment in Train Cabs
137(10)
Katie Buchanan
Gary Davis
Richard Roels
The Waterfall Train Accident: Implications and Lessons Learnt
147(8)
Andrew S. McIntosh
Graham Edkins
Determining User Requirements for a Human Factors Research Train Driver Simulator
155(12)
Thomas K. Yates
Sarah C. Sharples
Ged Morrisroe
Theresa Clarke
A Facility for Testing ERTMS/ETCS Conformity and Human Factors
167(8)
Klaus P. Jaschke
Katrin Hartwig
Michael Meyer zu Horste
Karsten Lemmer
Cardboard to Computers: An Evolution of Design Visualisation
175(10)
Karen Wright
PART VI: ROUTES, SIGNAGE, SIGNALS AND DRIVABILITY
Early Route Drivability Assessment in Support of Railway Investment
185(12)
W. Ian Hamilton
Emma Lowe
Charlotte Hill
Development of a Route Assessment Checklist Tool for Train Operators
197(6)
Mark Newman
Claire Turner
Ann Mills
John Peters
Informing Signage Positioning Rules Through a Human Factors Assessment of Signal/Sign Co-location
203(12)
Charlotte Hill
Harry Blanchard
Mike Carey
PART VII: SIGNALLING AND CONTROL OF THE RAILWAY
Mental Workload Assessment and the Development of the Operational Demand Evaluation Checklist (ODEC) for Signallers
215(10)
Laura Pickup
John R. Wilson
Supervision in Signal Boxes
225(12)
Stuart Dickinson
Emma Lowe
Prediction of Signaller Workload
237(10)
Toby Garner
Mark Newman
Chris Lowe
W. Ian Hamilton
Collecting Human Factors Attitudes and Opinions from Signallers: Development and Use of REQUEST (The Railway Ergonomics Questionnaire)
247(10)
Brendan Ryan
John R. Wilson
Sarah Sharples
Eleanor Marshall
Ergonomics Assessment of Lever Operation in Mechanical Signalling
257(10)
R.J. Muffett
From the Horse's Mouth: The Contribution of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to Study of Rail Work Systems
267(8)
Gemma Cox
Trudi Farrington-Darby
Richard Bye
Work-Analysis and Distributed Cognition Representation of Integrated Rail Operations
275(12)
R. Bye
T. Farrington-Darby
G. Cox
G.R.J. Hockey
J.R. Wilson
T. Clarke
PART VIII: PLANNING FOR THE RAILWAY
Planning, Reasoning and Patterns of Inferences: An Empirical Study into the Reasoning of Staff Planners in The Netherlands Railways
287(14)
Rene Jorna
Derk Jan Kiewiet
Implementation of a Test System for Evaluation of New Concepts in Rail Traffic Planning and Control
301(8)
Bengt Sandblad
Arne W. Andersson
Arvid Kauppi
Johan Wikstrom
Task Oriented Support for Train Shunting Planning
309(12)
Wout Van Wezel
PART IX: ENGINEERING WORK AND MAINTENANCE
Understanding the Underlying Causes of Procedures Violations and Developing Effective Preventative Strategies
321(10)
David Embrey
Human Factors in the Management of Engineering Possessions: The Roles of the Engineering Supervisor and PICOP
331(12)
Brendan Ryan
John R. Wilson
Alex Schock
Emma Lowe
Fiona Kenvyn
Human Factors Integration for the Computerised Track Access Control System
343(12)
Chris Lowe
Dan Lock
Barnaby Annan
Paul Thompson
Paul Raistrick
PART X: LEVEL CROSSINGS
The Impact of Aggressive Driving on the Design of Level Crossing Safety Measures
355(8)
Andrej Godec
Zdravko Tos
Human Factors Issues at Level Crossings: A Reference Tool for Inspectors
363(8)
Hayley Dixon
Andy Baker
Claire Dickinson
Human Factors in the Upgrading of Railway Control Equipment
371(8)
John Wood
Mark Brunt
Claire Fix
Andy Harding
Theresa Clarke
The Effect of a Level Crossing Upgrade on Signaller Workload and Staffing Requirements: A Case Study
379(8)
Amanda J. Widdowson
PART XI: ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY
Maximising Information: An Effective Interview Technique for Investigators in the Rail Industry
387(12)
Emma Lowe
Claire Turner
Changing Safety Critical Communications Behaviour
399(10)
Emma Lowe
Peter Nock
Safety Climate in Australian Railways
409(10)
A. Ian Glendon
Bronwyn Evans
The Waterfall Train Accident: The Critical Role of Human Factors
419(8)
Andrew S. McIntosh
Graham Edkins
The Role of Communication Errors in Railway Incident Causation
427(12)
Dr Paul Shanahan
Dik Gregory
Mike Shannon
Huw Gibson
PART XII: HUMAN ERROR AND HUMAN RELIABILITY
Assessing the Potential for Human Error in Level 4 Rail Vehicle Maintenance
439(38)
Steve Mason
Generic Human Reliability Assessment for Railways: Results
477
Ned Hickling
Liz Gaskell
Theresa Clarke
The Development and Application of a Rail Human Reliability Assessment Tool
455(10)
Jenny Gilroy
Elaine Grimes
Improving the Predictive Power of an Existing Human Reliability Assessment Method
465(10)
J.L. Bell
J.C. Williams
C. Daniels
N.D. Warren
PART XIII: SPADS - SIGNALS PASSED AT DANGER
The Impact of Returning from Rest Days on SPAD Incidents
475(8)
W. Huw Gibson
John Shelton
Ann Mills
Driver Assessment of the Effectiveness of Spad Mitigation Measures
483(8)
Tidi Wisawayodhin
Suzanne Heape
Guangyan Li
Claire Turner
Ann Mills
John Peters
Predicting the Causes of Spad Incidents
491(10)
Linda Wright
Mark Dabekaussen
Tjerk van der Schaaf
PART XIV: HUMAN FACTORS INTEGRATION AND STANDARDS
Integrating Ergonomics into Engineering and Engineering into Ergonomics
501(10)
Mike Carey
Focussed and Effective Human Factors Integration Programmes for Railways
511(6)
Martin Dooley
Ned Hickling
Paul Stephens
Experience of Rail Human Factors in Hong Kong
517(12)
Karen Priestley
PART XV: IMPAIRMENTS TO PERFORMANCE
The Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) in Train Drivers
529(6)
Melissa Hack
Elaine Grimes
Toyin Davies
John Shelton
Fatigue Management on the Operational Railway: Developing a Strategic Approach
535(10)
Fiona Kenvyn
Alcohol and Drugs as Risk Factors in Railway Traffic
545(8)
O. Ervasti
L. Pitkamaki
H.K. Otterstad
M. Sternudd
J. Worm-Petersen
Research on Fatigue and Mental Workload of Railway Drivers and Traffic Controllers
553(12)
Anabela Simoes
Jose Carvalhais
Pedro Ferreira
Julia Correia
Miguel Lourenco
Fatigue and Shift Work in UK Train Drivers
565(12)
Barbara Stone
Alison McGuffog
Mick Spencer
Claire Turner
Ann Mills
PART XVI: COMPETENCIES, TRAINING AND PROCEDURES
Educational Activities in Relation to Affective Commitment, Voluntary Turnover, Perceived Inner Motivation and Work Effort
577(6)
Cathrine Brustad
Anna Gunningberg
Marie Svensli
Management Toolkits: Solutions for Rule Compliance
583(10)
Jonathan Berman
Peter Ackroyd
Ann Mills
Toyin Davies
Rules Management: How to Achieve Flexible Guidance for Safe Railway Operations
593(8)
Gudela Grote
Index 601
John Wilson is Professor of Occupational Ergonomics in the School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and Management, at the University of Nottingham, UK. He is also Director of the University's Institute for Occupational Ergonomics and Director of the Virtual Reality Applications Research Team (VIRART). Beverley Norris is Research Manager in the Institute for Occupational Ergonomics, University of Nottingham, UK. Theresa Clarke is Head of Ergonomics at Network Rail, UK. Ann Mills is Principal Human Factors Specialist at the Rail Safety and Standards Board, UK.