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1 Marketing, Sales and Pricing: Introduction |
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1 | (12) |
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1.1 Definition of Marketing and Sales Management |
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1 | (3) |
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1.1.1 Early Developments of Marketing |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Needs and Demands as the Trigger for Marketing |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Integrated Marketing Concepts (IMC) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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1.4 Differences Between Marketing and Sales |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4.1 Introduction to the Differencesof Marketing and Sales |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Process of Marketing and Sales |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Goals of Marketing and Sales |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Tools and Resources of Marketing and Sales |
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8 | (1) |
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1.5 Case Study: Marketing and Sales Strategy of Louis Vuitton |
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9 | (4) |
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1.5.1 Introduction to Louis Vuitton |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Marketing Mix of Louis Vuitton |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Product Strategy of Louis Vuitton |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Distribution and Pricing of Louis Vuitton |
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10 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Promotion and Advertising Louis Vuitton |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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2 Marketing Management as Part of the Corporate Strategy |
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13 | (22) |
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13 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Functional Strategy |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Alignment of Strategies |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (4) |
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2.3.1 Analysing Important Factors |
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16 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Analysing the Environment |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Analysing the Industry |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Analysing the Strengths and Weaknesses |
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19 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Analysing the Core Competencies |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (6) |
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20 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Boston Consulting Matrix (BCG-Matrix) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (3) |
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2.4.4 Blue and Red Ocean Strategies |
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26 | (1) |
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2.5 Strategic Implementation |
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26 | (3) |
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2.5.1 Assessment of Suitability, Acceptability and Feasibility |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Goals and Objectives |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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2.6.5 Strategic Architecture |
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30 | (1) |
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2.6.6 Control and Execution |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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2.7.1 Strategies Must Focus on Value Creation |
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31 | (1) |
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2.8 Case Study: McDonald's Marketing Strategy |
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32 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.8.3 Multi-method Advertising |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (10) |
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35 | (1) |
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3.2 Production-Oriented Marketing Concept |
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36 | (1) |
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3.3 Product-Related Marketing Concept |
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37 | (1) |
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3.4 Sales-Oriented Marketing Concept |
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38 | (1) |
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3.5 Marketing-Oriented Marketing Concept |
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39 | (1) |
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3.6 Social Marketing-Oriented Marketing Concept |
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40 | (1) |
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3.7 Case Study: PepsiCo's Product-Oriented Marketing |
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41 | (4) |
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3.7.1 Introduction to PepsiCo |
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41 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Positioning and Segmentation |
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42 | (1) |
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3.7.3 Investments in Marketing |
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43 | (1) |
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3.7.4 Product Innovations |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (6) |
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4.1 B2B and BC2 Marketing |
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45 | (3) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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4.1.5 Differences in B2B and B2C Marketing |
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47 | (1) |
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4.2 Case Study: Telekom B2B Service |
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48 | (3) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (12) |
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5.1 Definition of Sales Management |
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51 | (1) |
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5.2 Sales Management Process |
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51 | (1) |
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5.2.1 Introduction to the Sales Management Process |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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5.9 Benefits of Structured Sales Management |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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5.10.1 Purpose of the Sales Funnel |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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5.11 Case Study: Marketing and Sales Strategy in Porsche |
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59 | (4) |
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5.11.1 Introduction of Porsche |
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59 | (1) |
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5.11.2 Porsche Marketing Mix |
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59 | (2) |
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5.11.3 Porsche Marketing Strategy |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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6 Economic Pricing, 3C-Pricing and Cost-Estimation Concepts |
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63 | (12) |
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6.1 Economic Pricing Model |
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63 | (4) |
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6.1.1 Introduction: Supply and Demand |
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63 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Understanding Supply and Demand |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Supply and Demand Curves |
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65 | (1) |
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6.1.6 Shifts Versus Movements |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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6.1.8 Impacts on Supply and Demand |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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6.2.1 Introduction to the 3C Pricing Model |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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6.5 Case Study: Product Strategy and Premium Pricing of Mercedes |
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72 | (3) |
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6.5.1 Product Strategy of Mercedes |
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72 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Premium Pricing of Mercedes |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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7 Value-Based and Cost-Based Pricing Concepts |
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75 | (8) |
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75 | (2) |
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7.1.1 Definition of Value-Based Pricing |
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75 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Characteristics of Value-Based Pricing |
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76 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Examples of Value-Based Pricing |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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7.2.1 Definition of Cost-Based Pricing |
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77 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Advantages of Cost-Based Pricing |
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79 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Drawbacks of Cost-Based Pricing |
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79 | (1) |
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7.3 Cost-Based Versus Value-Based Pricing |
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79 | (1) |
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7.4 Case Study: H&M's Value Proposition Strategy |
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80 | (3) |
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81 | (2) |
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8 Service Marketing and Service Sales Management |
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83 | (12) |
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8.1 Importance of Service Sector |
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83 | (1) |
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8.2 Service Marketing and Sales |
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83 | (1) |
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8.3 Characteristics of Services |
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84 | (5) |
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8.3.1 Characteristics of Services |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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8.3.8 Difficulty to Measure Quality of Services |
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88 | (1) |
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8.4 Marketing and Sales Strategies for Services |
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89 | (2) |
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8.4.1 Understanding the Customers' Needs |
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89 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Applying a Service-Based Strategy |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Make Services Tangible |
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90 | (1) |
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8.4.5 Establish a Brand Loyalty |
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90 | (1) |
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8.4.6 Personalize Services |
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91 | (1) |
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8.4.7 Set Up a Relationship |
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91 | (1) |
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8.5 Lean as a Revenue Driver in the Service Industry |
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91 | (1) |
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8.6 Case Study: McDonald's Lean Kitchen Area |
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92 | (3) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (10) |
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9.1 Introduction to the Marketing Mix |
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95 | (1) |
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9.2 Marketing Mix: The 7Ps |
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95 | (4) |
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9.2.1 Introduction to the 7Ps |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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9.3 Case Study: Marketing Mix at McDonald's |
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99 | (6) |
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9.3.1 Marketing Strategy at McDonald's |
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99 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Marketing Mix (7Ps) at McDonald's |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (3) |
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10 Market Segmentation, Targeting, Differentiation and Positioning |
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105 | (12) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (5) |
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10.2.1 Definition of Market Segmentation |
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105 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Geographic Segmentation |
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106 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Demographic Segmentation |
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107 | (2) |
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10.2.4 Psychographic Segmentation |
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109 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Behavioural Segmentation |
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109 | (1) |
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10.3 Other Segmentation Concepts |
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110 | (1) |
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10.3.1 Attitudinal Segmentation |
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110 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Generational Segmentation |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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10.6.1 Definition of Differentiation |
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112 | (1) |
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10.6.2 Product Differentiation |
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113 | (1) |
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10.6.3 Service Differentiation |
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113 | (1) |
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10.6.4 Channel of Differentiation |
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114 | (1) |
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10.6.5 People Differentiation |
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114 | (1) |
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10.6.6 Image Differentiation |
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114 | (1) |
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10.6.7 Ethics Differentiation |
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114 | (1) |
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10.7 Case Study: Image Differentiation of Hennessy Cognac |
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114 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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11 Direct and Indirect Marketing, Sales Promotion and Public Relations |
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117 | (8) |
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11.1 Promotion Tools and Concepts (Fig. 11.1) |
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117 | (1) |
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11.2 Direct and Indirect Marketing |
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117 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Advantages of Direct Marketing |
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118 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Disadvantages of Direct Marketing |
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118 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Indirect Marketing |
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118 | (1) |
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11.2.5 Advantages of Indirect Marketing |
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119 | (1) |
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11.2.6 Disadvantages of Indirect Marketing |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (1) |
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11.5 Case Study: Public Relations in Siemens |
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122 | (3) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (8) |
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125 | (1) |
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12.1.1 Introduction to Selling Concepts |
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125 | (1) |
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12.1.2 Characteristics of Selling Concepts |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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12.2.1 Introduction to Social Selling |
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126 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Establishing a Personal Brand |
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127 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Finding the Right People |
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127 | (1) |
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12.2.4 Dealing with Knowledge |
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127 | (1) |
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12.2.5 Building Relationships |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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12.6 Consultative Selling |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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12.9 Case Study: Activities in Amazon to Boost Cross-Selling Activities |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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13 Pricing Strategies and Discount Policy |
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133 | (14) |
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13.1 Introduction to Pricing Strategies |
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133 | (1) |
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13.2 Price and Value Considerations |
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133 | (2) |
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13.3 Pricing Strategies and Concepts |
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135 | (7) |
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13.3.1 Introduction and Definition of Pricing Strategies |
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135 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Value-Based Pricing |
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136 | (1) |
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13.3.3 Cost-Based Pricing |
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137 | (1) |
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13.3.4 Break-Even Pricing |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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13.3.6 Loss Leader-Based Pricing |
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138 | (1) |
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13.3.7 Competition-Based Pricing |
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138 | (1) |
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13.3.8 Premium-Based Pricing |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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13.3.10 Everyday Low Pricing (EDLP) |
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139 | (1) |
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13.3.11 Good Value Pricing |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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13.3.14 Penetration Pricing |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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13.4 Important Aspects to Pricing |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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13.6 Case Study: Pricing Strategy in Starbucks |
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143 | (4) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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13.6.3 Starbucks' Branding Strategy |
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144 | (1) |
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13.6.4 Starbuck's Promotion Strategy |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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14 Sales Channels and Sales Partners |
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147 | (10) |
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14.1 Introduction to Sales Channels |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (4) |
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14.2.1 Zero Levels Channels: Producer-Consumer |
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147 | (2) |
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14.2.2 One Level Channels: Producer-Retailer-Consumer |
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149 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Two Level Channels: Producer-Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer v |
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149 | (1) |
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14.2.4 Three Level Channels: Producer-Agent-Wholesaler - Retailer-Consumer |
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150 | (1) |
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14.3 Direct Sales Channels |
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151 | (2) |
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14.4 Channel Sales and Indirect Sales Channels |
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153 | (1) |
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14.5 Indirect Sales Channels |
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153 | (1) |
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14.6 Case Study: Direct and Indirect Sales Channels at Apple |
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154 | (3) |
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156 | (1) |
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15 Innovation Management and New Product Launches |
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157 | (12) |
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15.1 Introduction to Innovation Management |
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157 | (1) |
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15.2 Technical Relevance and Attractivity |
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158 | (1) |
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15.3 Strategic Relevance of Innovation Management |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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15.5 Future Potential of Innovations |
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160 | (1) |
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15.6 Fields and Tasks of Innovation Management |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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15.8 Product Launch Roadmap and Process |
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162 | (3) |
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162 | (2) |
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15.8.2 Data Gathering and Analysis |
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164 | (1) |
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15.8.3 Milestones and Timing |
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164 | (1) |
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15.8.4 Implementation and Introduction |
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165 | (1) |
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15.9 Case Study: Digital Innovation in a Bakery in Tokyo |
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165 | (4) |
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166 | (3) |
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16 International Marketing and Sales |
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169 | (8) |
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16.1 Market Entry Strategies with High and Low Investments |
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169 | (1) |
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16.2 International Marketing and Sales Strategies |
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170 | (3) |
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16.2.1 International Sales Entry Concepts |
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170 | (1) |
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16.2.2 Direct and Indirect Exporting |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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16.2.5 Branches and Sales Offices as Own Subsidiary |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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16.3 Strategic Alliances and Partnering |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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16.5 Glocalization Strategies |
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174 | (1) |
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16.6 Case Study: Glocal Strategy of Persil |
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175 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (8) |
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17.1 Market Research Process |
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177 | (1) |
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17.2 Market Research Methodologies |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (4) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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17.3.5 In-Depth or Depth Interviews |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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17.5 Case Study: Market Research Toyota Prius in North America |
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182 | (3) |
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184 | (1) |
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18 Supply Chain Management and Distribution Channels |
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185 | (14) |
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18.1 Upstream and Downstream Supply Chain Management (SCM) |
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185 | (2) |
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18.2 Globalization and Global Supply Networks |
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187 | (2) |
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18.3 Risks in the Supply Chain |
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189 | (1) |
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18.4 Supply Risk Prevention and Mitigation |
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190 | (2) |
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18.5 Method of Global Risk Evaluation |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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18.7 Glocal Supply Chains |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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18.9 Distribution Channels |
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195 | (1) |
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18.9.1 Sales and Physical Distribution Channels (Fig. 18.7) |
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195 | (1) |
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18.9.2 Channel Members Adding Value (Fig. 18.8) |
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195 | (1) |
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18.10 Case Study: Lidl's Glocal Supply and Distribution Strategy |
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195 | (4) |
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18.10.1 Lidl's Glocal Supply Strategy |
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195 | (2) |
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18.10.2 Glocal Distribution Through Network |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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19 Promotion and Advertising Strategies |
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199 | (10) |
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19.1 Introduction to Promotion and Advertising |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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19.2.1 Objectives of Promotion |
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199 | (2) |
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19.2.2 Promotions in a Physical Environment |
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201 | (1) |
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19.2.3 Promotions in Media |
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201 | (1) |
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19.2.4 Promotions in Digital Media |
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202 | (1) |
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19.2.5 Promotions through Sponsoring |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (3) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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19.3.3 Telephone Advertising |
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205 | (1) |
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19.3.4 Product Placement Advertising |
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205 | (1) |
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19.3.5 Guerilla Advertising |
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205 | (1) |
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19.3.6 Broadcast Advertising |
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205 | (1) |
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19.3.7 Outdoor Advertising |
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205 | (1) |
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19.3.8 Public Service Advertising |
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206 | (1) |
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19.4 Case Study: Promotion and Advertising Strategy of Rolex |
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206 | (3) |
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19.4.1 Marketing Strategy of Rolex |
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206 | (1) |
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19.4.2 Rolex Product Strategy |
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207 | (1) |
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19.4.3 Rolex Promotion and Advertising Activities |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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20 Lean Management and Pull as Part of the Marketing Strategy |
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209 | (12) |
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20.1 Lean Production System |
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209 | (5) |
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20.1.1 Introduction to the Lean Production System |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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20.1.3 Zero Defect Principle |
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210 | (1) |
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20.1.4 Production in Line with Customer Tact |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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20.1.6 Andon System for Superior Quality |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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20.1.8 Gemba and Shop Floor Management |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (4) |
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20.2.1 Customers Want to Buy from Companies with Health Standards |
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214 | (1) |
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20.2.2 Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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20.3 Case Study: Porsche Production System |
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218 | (3) |
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219 | (2) |
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21 Change Management for Marketing and Sales Activities |
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221 | (14) |
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21.1 Definition of Change Management |
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221 | (1) |
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21.2 External and Internal Reasons for Change |
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222 | (1) |
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21.3 Change Management Concepts |
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223 | (10) |
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21.3.1 Change Management Concept of Kurt Lewin |
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223 | (1) |
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21.3.2 Change Management Curve of Elisabeth Kurbler-Ross |
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224 | (5) |
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21.3.3 Change Management Phase Model of Kotter |
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229 | (2) |
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21.3.4 ADKAR Change Management Model |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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21.4 Case Study: Change Management in Nissan |
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233 | (2) |
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233 | (2) |
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22 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cyber Tools in Marketing and Sales |
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235 | (12) |
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22.1 AI in Marketing and Sales |
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235 | (4) |
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22.1.1 Introduction to AI in Marketing and Sales |
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235 | (1) |
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22.1.2 Al-Powered Marketing and Sales Reprint |
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235 | (1) |
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22.1.3 Task Automation in Marketing and Sales |
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236 | (1) |
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22.1.4 Machine Learning in Marketing and Sales |
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237 | (1) |
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22.1.5 Stand-Alone Solution in Marketing and Sales |
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237 | (1) |
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22.1.6 Integrated Solutions in Marketing and Sales |
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237 | (2) |
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22.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools |
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239 | (3) |
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22.2.1 AI Tools Will Lead to a Competitive Advantage |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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22.2.3 Virtual Production and Supply Chains |
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240 | (1) |
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22.2.4 Virtual and Lean Simulations |
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240 | (1) |
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22.2.5 Systems Integration |
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241 | (1) |
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22.2.6 Internet of Things |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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22.2.9 Additive Manufacturing |
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241 | (1) |
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22.2.10 Augmented Reality |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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22.3 Industry 4.0 in Lean Management |
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242 | (1) |
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22.4 Case Study: Google's Self-Driving Cars |
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243 | (4) |
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245 | (2) |
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23 Sales Management Negotiations |
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247 | (16) |
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23.1 Definition of Negotiations |
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247 | (2) |
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23.2 A-6 Concept by Dr. Marc Helmold |
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249 | (1) |
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23.3 The Harvard Negotiation Concept |
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250 | (1) |
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23.4 The Schranner Negotiation Concept |
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251 | (5) |
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23.4.1 Concept for Borderline Negotiations |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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23.4.5 Important Steps in the Schranner Negotiation Concept |
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252 | (4) |
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23.5 Negotiation Personalities |
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256 | (2) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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23.5.4 Principled Negotiator |
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257 | (1) |
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23.5.5 Situational Negotiator (Schlagfertig) |
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258 | (1) |
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23.6 Roles and Responsibilities in Negotiations |
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258 | (1) |
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23.7 Case Study: EU Negotiation Strategy for COVID-19 Vaccines |
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259 | (4) |
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260 | (3) |
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24 Outlook 2030 for Marketing and Sales |
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263 | (7) |
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24.1 Future Outlook of Marketing |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
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24.2.1 Trend 1: Customer Behaviour-Centric Marketing and Sales Activities |
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264 | (1) |
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24.2.2 Trend 2: Increased Importance of Influencers in Marketing |
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264 | (1) |
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24.2.3 Trend 3: Purpose as Success Factor |
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265 | (1) |
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24.2.4 Trend 4: Marketing Will Become Green and More Ethical |
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265 | (1) |
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24.2.5 Trend 5: Mobile: Authentic and Inclusive Marketing |
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266 | (1) |
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24.2.6 Trend 6: Creating an Intelligent and Creative Engine |
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266 | (1) |
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24.2.7 Trend 7: Customers Without Cookies |
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266 | (1) |
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24.2.8 Trend 8: Customer-Centric Data Experience |
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266 | (1) |
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24.2.9 Trend 9: Hybrid and Social Customer Experience |
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266 | (1) |
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24.2.10 Trend 10: Al-Optimized Marketing and Advertising |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (3) |
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24.3.1 Introduction to Marketing 4.0 |
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267 | (1) |
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24.3.2 Online Versus Offline |
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268 | (1) |
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24.3.3 Informed Versus Distracted Customers |
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268 | (1) |
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24.3.4 Negative Versus Positive Defence |
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268 | (1) |
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24.3.5 Digital Humanization of Marketing Tools |
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|
268 | (1) |
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24.3.6 Digital Subcultures: Netizens |
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|
269 | (1) |
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24.3.7 Implementing Content Marketing Tools |
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|
269 | (1) |
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24.3.8 Engagement Marketing |
|
|
270 | (1) |
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24.4 Case Study: VR for BMW Customer Experience |
|
|
270 | (1) |
References |
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270 | |