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E-raamat: Pesticides in Surface Waters: Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors

  • Formaat: 392 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Apr-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781439822616
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  • Formaat: 392 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Apr-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781439822616

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A summary of research on the occurrence, distribution, and significance of pesticides in surface waters of the US, compiling and evaluating most of the studies measuring pesticide concentration in surface waters published up to 1993, and some published after. Tables provide summaries of study sites, targeted pesticides, and results, and are accompanied by explanatory overviews. Useful for scientists, students, and water managers, ranging from those interested in references to those looking for interpretive analyses and conclusions. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Pesticde use in agriculture and non-agriculture settings has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Concern about adverse effects on the environment and human health has spurred an enormous amount of research into their environmental behavior and fate. Pesticides in Surface Waters presents a comprehensive summary of this research.
This book evaluates published studies that focus on measuring pesticide concentration. The studies chosen include peer reviewed scientific literature, government reports, laboratory studies, and those using microcosms and artificial streams and ponds. The authors used this information to develop their overview of pesticide contamination of surface waters.
The exhaustive compilation of data along with the fundamental science make this book essential for those involved in pesticide use, environmental protection, water quality, and human or ecological risk assessment. Pesticides in Surface Waters covers the results of actual studies, sources of pesticides to surface water, fate and transport, and environmental significance. Hundreds of data-packed tables, maps, charts, and drawings illustrate the key points, making research and application easy and cost effective.

Arvustused

"...An excellent compilation...a required reference book for anyone planning a study of pesticides in surface water..." - James Seiber, Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada

Introduction to the Series v(2)
Preface vii(1)
Editor's Note viii(3)
List of Figures
xi(3)
List of Tables
xiv(1)
Conversion Factors xv(1)
Abbreviations and Acronyms xvi
Abstract 1(2)
Chapter
1. Introduction
3(8)
1.1 Purpose
3(1)
1.2 Previous Reviews
4(5)
1.3 Approach
9(2)
Chapter
2. Characteristics of Studies Reviewed
11(122)
2.1 Introduction
11(6)
2.2 General Design Features
17(1)
2.3 Target Analytes
17(5)
2.4 Geographic Distribution
22(1)
2.5 Temporal Distribution
22(1)
2.6 Matrices Sampled
23(1)
2.7 Analytical Limits of Detection
23(2)
2.8 Influence of Study Design
25(108)
Chapter
3. Overview of Occurrence and Distribution of Pesticides in Relation to Use
133(84)
3.1 Occurrence
133(2)
3.2 National Pesticide Use
135(49)
Agricultural Use
136(41)
Pesticide Use in Urban Areas
177(3)
Pesticide Use in Forestry
180(3)
Pesticide Use on Roadways and Rights-of-Way
183(1)
Aquatic Pesticide Use
183(1)
3.3 Occurrence and Distribution in Relation to Use
184(25)
Introduction
184(1)
Organochlorine Insecticides
184(6)
Organophosphorus Insecticides
190(4)
Triazine and Acetanilide Herbicides
194(6)
Phenoxy Acid Herbicides
200(6)
Other Herbicides, Insecticides, and Fungicides
206(1)
Herbicides
206(1)
Insecticides
207(1)
Fungicides
208(1)
3.4 Long-Term Trends in Pesticide Occurrence in Surface Waters
209(8)
Organochlorine Insecticides
209(2)
Organophosphorus and Other Insecticides
211(1)
Triazine and Acetanilide Herbicides
211(6)
Chapter
4. Factors Controlling the Behavior and Fate of Pesticides in Surface Waters
217(18)
4.1 Sources of Pesticides to Surface Waters
217(10)
Introduction
217(1)
Pesticides from Agricultural Applications
217(2)
Pesticides from Forestry Applications
219(1)
Pesticides from Roadways and Rights-of-Way
220(1)
Pesticides from Urban and Suburban Applications
221(1)
Pesticides from Aquatic Applications
222(1)
Pesticides from Manufacturing Waste and Accidental Spills
223(1)
Pesticides from Ground Water
224(1)
Pesticides from the Atmosphere
225(1)
Pesticides from Bed Sediments
226(1)
4.2 Behavior and Fate of Pesticides in Surface Waters
227(8)
Introduction
227(1)
Transformation Processes
227(3)
Phase-Transfer Processes
230(2)
Transport of Pesticides in Surface Waters
232(3)
Chapter
5. Analysis of Key Topics--Sources, Behavior, and Transport
235(28)
5.1 Seasonal Patterns of Pesticide Occurrence
235(9)
5.2 Sources and Concentrations of Pesticides in Remote Water Bodies
244(2)
5.3 Impact of Urban-Use Pesticides on Surface Water Quality
246(2)
5.4 Impact of Forestry-Use Pesticides on Surface Water Quality
248(2)
5.5 Pesticide Transformation Products in Surface Waters
250(3)
5.6 Modeling of Pesticides in Surface Waters
253(10)
Structure-Activity Models
254(2)
Runoff Models
256(2)
Surface Water Transport Models
258(1)
Multimedia Models
258(2)
Use of Models
260(3)
Chapter
6. Analysis of Key Topics--Environmental Significance
263(22)
6.1 Implications for Human Health
263(12)
6.2 Implications for Health of Aquatic Organisms
275(1)
Pesticide Concentrations Exceeding Aquatic-Life Criteria Values
275(3)
Fish Kills Attributed to Pesticides
278(1)
Effects of Atrazine on Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems
279(1)
6.3 Environmental Significance of Pesticide Transformation Products in Surface Waters
280(5)
Chapter
7. Summary and Conclusions
285(3)
Appendix: Glossary of Common and Chemical Names of Pesticides 288(25)
References 313(30)
Index 343
Larson\, Steven J.; Capel\, Paul D.; Majewski\, Michael