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E-raamat: Phenomena of Power: Authority, Domination, and Violence

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In Phenomena of Power, one of the leading figures of postwar German sociology reflects on the nature, and many forms of, power. For Heinrich Popitz, power is rooted in the human condition and is therefore part of all social relations. Drawing on philosophical anthropology, he identifies the elementary forms of power to provide detailed insight into how individuals gain and perpetuate control over others. Instead of striving for a power-free society, Popitz argues, humanity should try to impose limits on power where possible and establish counterpower where necessary.

Phenomena of Power delves into the sociohistorical manifestations of power and breaks through to its general structures. Popitz distinguishes the forms of the enforcement of power as well as of its stabilization and institutionalization, clearly articulating how the mechanisms of power work and how to track them in the social world. Philosophically trained, historically informed, and endowed with keen observation, Popitz uses examples ranging from the way passengers on a ship organize deck chairs to how prisoners of war share property to illustrate his theory. Long influential in German sociology, Phenomena of Power offers a challenging reworking of one of the essential concepts of the social sciences.

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Long counted among the classics of German postwar sociology, Heinrich Popitz's Phenomena of Power is an elegant and unique anthropological study of power. This excellent translation will add an independent perspective to the Anglophone world's discourse on power and will also open up numerous new points for analysis and comparison. -- Ulrich Brockling, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg In times of globalization, localization, and rapid technicization, the appearance of power becomes increasingly complicated. Its inquiry calls for a comprehensive theoretical viewpoint, like the one Heinrich Popitz develops in Phenomena of Power. He conceives of power as one of essential phenomena of human sociation, distinguishes four fundamental and anthropological forms of power, and articulates them in detail. Readers of this volume will acquire an appropriate viewpoint for inquiring into power. -- Hisashi Nasu, Waseda University, Japan

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Finally, the phenomenology of power, developed by one of the most creative German social theorists of the postwar era, reaches the English-speaking world. Written in the style of Georg Simmel, it offers a goldmine of insights for contemporary discussions. -- Hans Joas, Humboldt University, Berlin, and University of Chicago Popitz's anatomy of power as an integral part of the human condition is perhaps the most important theoretical statement after Weber. -- Andreas Wimmer, Lieber Professor of Sociology and Political Philosophy, Columbia University Popitz offers a uniquely systematic treatment of power in which earlier concepts from Aristotle to Weber and Foucault are integrated. He also extends previous accounts through new concepts and distinctions, ranging from standard setting power to data power, and by a captivating analysis of how power emerges from universal human concerns with the future and is linked to our capacities to change our environment and our world. A must read for all students and analysts of power. -- Karin Knorr Cetina, Otto Borchert Distinguished Service Professor, University of Chicago
Editors' Introduction ix
Translator's Note xxvii
Acknowledgments xxix
1 The Concept of Power
1(24)
Historical Premises of the Problematization of Power
1(1)
Power Orders Are Humanly Produced
2(2)
Ubiquity of Power
4(2)
Limitation of Freedom by Power
6(3)
Basic Anthropological Forms of Power
9(1)
Power of Action
10(2)
Instrumental Power
12(2)
Authoritative Power
14(1)
Power of Data Constitution
15(3)
Universality of Power Forms and Their Relations
18(7)
PART I FORMS OF ENFORCEMENT
2 Violence
25(27)
Power of Action
26(3)
Dissolution of Boundaries of Human Violent Relations
29(3)
The Power of Killing
32(4)
The Antinomy of the Perfection of Power
36(2)
The Vicious Circle of the Repression of Violence
38(4)
The Syndrome of Total Violence: Glorification, Indifference, and Technization
42(10)
3 Threatening and Being Threatened
52(19)
Structure of the Threat
53(1)
The Imposed Alternative
53(2)
Self-Commitment
55(1)
Controlling Current Actions via Potential Actions
56(2)
The Everyday Nature of Threats
58(1)
Concealed Threat and Concealed Compliance
59(2)
Economy of the Threat
61(4)
1 Profitability
61(2)
2 The Extendibility of Threats
63(2)
Excessive Disposition to Conflict
65(2)
Modeling the Mental State of Being Threatened
67(4)
4 The Authority Bond
71(21)
The Specific Nature of Being Bound by Authority
71(3)
Effects of Authority
74(5)
Recognition of Authority as Response to the Hankering Toward Social Recognition
79(1)
Anthropological Foundations
80(2)
Who Attains Authority?
82(4)
The Significance of the Capacity to Imagine
86(4)
Authoritative Power
90(2)
5 Needs For Authority: The Change In Social Subjectivity
92(20)
Institutional Authority: Sacred and Generative Authority
93(3)
Needs for Recognition: Social Subjectivities
96(2)
Recognition of Belonging
98(2)
Recognition in Ascribed, Achieved, and Public Roles
100(4)
Recognition of Individuality
104(2)
Reciprocal Relationship of Authority
106(6)
6 Technical Action
112(19)
Usage and Rights to Usage (Property)
113(3)
Modifying (Power of Data Constitution)
116(2)
Producing: Organized Production (Division of Labor) and Conscious Production
118(3)
The Typology of Technical Objectifications
121(4)
The Growth of the Social Power Potential Through Technical Progress
125(6)
PART II FORMS OF STABILIZATION
7 Processes Of Power Formation
131(34)
Power Formation on a Ship
133(9)
1 The Superior Capacity for Organization of the Privileged
135(4)
2 The Birth of Legitimacy from the Principle of Reciprocity
139(3)
Power Formation in a Prisoners' Camp
142(11)
1 The Productive Superiority of Nuclei of Solidarity
144(4)
2 Power Acquisition as a Process of Establishing Echelons
148(5)
Power Formation in a Boarding School
153(8)
1 The Reproduction of Power in the Redistribution System
155(2)
2 The Ordering Value of the Existent Order as Basic Legitimacy
157(4)
Final Comment
161(4)
8 Power and Domination: Stages Of the Institutionalization Of Power
165(22)
Institutionalization
166(2)
Sporadic Power
168(2)
Power as a Source of Norms
170(4)
Positionalization of Power: Domination---the Emergence of Domination Within Peasant Cultures of the Neolithic Era
174(8)
Apparatuses of Power
182(2)
State Domination: Routinization of Centralized Domination
184(3)
Notes 187(12)
Index 199
Heinrich Popitz (1925-2002) was professor of sociology and founding director of the Institute for Sociology at the University of Freiburg. In 1971-72, he was Theodor Heuss Professor at the New School for Social Research. Gianfranco Poggi is professor of sociology at the University of Trento and emeritus professor of sociology at the University of Virginia and the European University Institute.
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