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E-raamat: Philosophical Treatise on Muslim Politics: Wisdom and Governance

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This is a translation of Mehdi Hairi Yazdi’s ???? ? ????? (?ikmat wa ?ukumat) which provides a philosophical critique of the theory of the guardianship of the jurist. 

This theory is currently the governance theory in Iran and Mehdi Hairi Yazdi’s treatise provides a critique based on both philosophical and traditional arguments. It asks numerous questions, such as: ‘Is the governance of jurists philosophically coherent, rational and efficient?’ and ‘How can Muslim communities have their own forms of governance in such a manner that their faith commitments are met while living in their own time without clashing with universal values of governance?’ and debunks the key foundation of the guardianship of the jurist. 

The present translation makes accessible, for the first time, the text of this critique in English, and provides a competing narrative based on his theory of joint public ownership in political theory.


1 Prologue: The Main Arguments of Mehdi Hairi Yazdi's Wisdom and Governance
1(22)
1.1 The Priority of Islamic Philosophy over Islamic Jurisprudence
3(5)
1.2 Government as the Agency of Joint Private Owners
8(2)
1.3 Individualism Versus Collectivism: Criticizing Rousseau
10(2)
1.4 Voluntariness of Sharia Versus Coerciveness of the State
12(1)
1.5 Hairi's Meta-Ethics
13(3)
1.6 Concluding Remarks: Rethinking General Will
16(7)
Bibliography
18(5)
Part I Wisdom and Governance
2 Predicative Existence (Hasti) vs. Copulative Existence (Asti)
23(8)
2.1 Existentialism and Essentialism
25(2)
2.2 Being in Kant's Philosophy
27(4)
3 Copulative (Asti) vs. Normative (Bayisti)
31(4)
4 Existence (Hasti) and Quiddity (Chisti)
35(2)
5 Different Types of Necessity
37(8)
5.1 Necessity in Propositions and Statements of Practical Reason
42(3)
6 Theoretical Reason and Practical Reason
45(18)
7 Hukumat and a Philological Understanding of Its Quiddity
63(2)
8 Hukumat in Political Science and Common Politics
65(2)
9 The Raison d'etre of Governance
67(4)
10 Governance, Politics and Statesmanship
71(4)
10.1 Hukm, Hukumat and Walayat
72(3)
11 Empirical Understanding of Governance
75(4)
12 Analytical Knowledge of Governance and Statesmanship
79(4)
13 The Fundamental and Main Duties of the Statesman
83(4)
14 The Structure of Society Based on Private Joint Ownership
87(8)
15 Natural Ownership Versus Conventional and Legal Ownership
95(6)
16 Private Exclusive Ownership Versus Private Joint Ownership
101(2)
17 Welfare or Peaceful Coexistence
103(2)
18 The Meaning of Society as per Personal Joint Ownership
105(4)
19 The Meaning of State in the Doctrine of Joint Ownership
109(4)
20 Governance or Statesmanship
113(2)
21 Individuality, Autonomy, Freedom and National Sovereignty
115(2)
22 Comparing Private Joint Ownership and Social Contract
117(4)
23 The Legislative Will or Rules of Law-Making
121(6)
23.1 Existential Will
121(2)
23.2 Legislative Will or Rules of Law-Making
123(4)
24 The Principle of Grace
127(8)
24.1 Definition of the Principle of Grace
128(7)
25 Divine Creative Foreknowledge of the Best System
135(4)
26 Islamic Society and Democratic Societies
139(14)
26.1 Principles of Islamic Sociology
141(1)
26.2 The Anthropology of Islam
142(11)
26.2.1 Individual Independence
143(1)
26.2.2 The Collective Relation of "Class" and Member
144(1)
26.2.3 The Relation Between Society and Citizens
145(1)
26.2.4 Predestination and Free Will in Decision and Determination
146(1)
26.2.5 Political Pluralism
147(2)
26.2.6 Impossibility of Religious Legislation in Executive Matters
149(4)
27 Prophecy, Imamate and Caliphate
153(4)
28 Guardianship of the Jurist
157(28)
28.1 Part I
159(9)
28.2 Part II
168(6)
28.3 The Concepts of hukm, Arbitration and Governance in hadith
174(4)
28.4 The Concept of Proof (hujjat) and Proofness (hujjiyyat) in hadith and fiqh
178(7)
29 The Unresolvable Mystery of the Islamic Republic and the Guardianship of the Jurist
185(6)
Glossary 191(6)
Bibliography 197(2)
Index 199
Mehdi Hairi Yazdi (1923-1999) was a contemporary jurist and philosopher and one of the most prominent exponents of the philosophy of Mull dra in the tradition of classical Muslim philosophy. He received his qualification as an expert jurisprudent (mujtahid) from Grand Ayatollah Burjird, who was the most senior Twelver Shii authority after Hairis own father, Grand Ayatollah Abdulkarim Hairi Yazdi, who had founded the Qumm seminary in the early 20th century in Iran. Hairi joined Tehran University in 1952 as scholar of theology on the account of his traditional learning, which was equivalent to a PhD. In the years before the 1979 revolution, Hairi attended the University of Torontos Department of Philosophy where he earned his second PhD. Upon his return to Iran following the revolution, he resumed his academic career at Tehran University as Professor of Islamic Philosophy and rejoining the Iranian Academy of Philosophy, established before the revolution by Seyyed Hossein Nasr.   About the Translator Dr. Daryoush Mohammad Poor is a Senior Research Associate in the Department of Academic Research and Publications at the Institute of Ismaili Studies and a lecturer for the Department of Graduate Studies at the Institute. His first monograph, Authority without Territory: The Aga Khan Development Network and the Ismaili Imamate (2014) is a fresh theoretical engagement with contemporary institutions of the Ismaili imamate. He has edited and translated the autobiography of Aga Khan I, with Daniel Beben. The book is now published under the title The First Aga Khan: Memoirs of the 46th Ismaili Imam (2018). His latest book Command and Creation: A Shii Cosmological Treatise (2021) is a Persian edition and English translation of Muhammad al-Shahrastanis Majlis-i maktb.