Preface |
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xi | |
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1 Soft Materials Driven by Photothermal Effect and Their Applications |
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1 | (44) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Liquid Crystals Driven by Photothermal Effect |
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3 | (13) |
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1.3 Polymers Driven by Photothermal Effect |
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16 | (7) |
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1.4 Gels Driven by Photothermal Effect |
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23 | (8) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (13) |
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2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers |
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45 | (46) |
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45 | (1) |
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2.2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Host-Guest and Coordination Systems |
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46 | (6) |
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2.3 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Complementary Hydrogen Bonds |
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52 | (9) |
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2.4 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Stacking of Photochromic Molecules |
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61 | (15) |
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2.5 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers with Photocontrollable ID Topology |
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76 | (7) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (7) |
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3 Light-Driven Self-Organized Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures Enabled by Chiral Molecular Switches or Motors: From 1D to 3D Photonic Crystals |
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91 | (34) |
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91 | (2) |
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3.2 Light-Driven Cholesteric Liquid Crystals |
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93 | (13) |
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3.2.1 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Azobenzene Photoswitches |
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93 | (7) |
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3.2.2 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Diarylethene Photoswitches |
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100 | (4) |
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3.2.3 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Spirooxazine and Overcrowded Alkenes |
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104 | (2) |
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3.3 Light-Driven Blue Phase Liquid Crystals |
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106 | (3) |
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3.4 Light-Driven Chiral Liquid Crystal Microdroplets and Microshells |
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109 | (5) |
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3.5 Summary and Perspective |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (9) |
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4 Photochemical Chirality Induction and Inversion in Soft Materials |
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125 | (42) |
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125 | (1) |
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4.2 Chirality Induction from Achiral Soft Materials by CPL |
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126 | (13) |
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4.2.1 Achiral LMW Liquid Crystals |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (5) |
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4.2.3 Self-Assembled Supramolecules |
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137 | (2) |
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4.3 Photochemical Chirality Inversion from Chiral Soft Materials |
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139 | (21) |
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4.3.1 Photoresponsive Chiral Dopants for Cholesteric Liquid Crystals |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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145 | (4) |
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4.3.1.3 Overcrowded Alkenes |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (1) |
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4.3.2.2 Overcrowded Alkene-Based Polymers |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (6) |
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5 Soft Photoactuators in Microfluidics |
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167 | (30) |
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167 | (2) |
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5.2 Photoactive Soft Materials as Generic Microactuators |
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169 | (17) |
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5.2.1 Light-Driven Microvalves |
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169 | (2) |
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5.2.1.1 Hydrogel Microvalves Actuated by Photothermal Effect |
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171 | (3) |
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5.2.1.2 Hydrogel Microvalves Actuated by Photoisomerization |
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174 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Light-Driven Micropumps and Micromixers |
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177 | (5) |
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5.2.3 Light-Driven Emulsification and De-emulsification |
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182 | (2) |
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5.2.4 New Conceptual Light-Driven Fluid Motion in Microchannels |
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184 | (2) |
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5.3 Soft Photoactuators as Optical Microcomponents |
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186 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Tunable Microlenses Actuated by Photoactive Hydrogels |
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187 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Microlens Arrays Actuated by Photoactive Emulsions |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (5) |
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6 Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks and Elastomers for Light-Fueled Robotics |
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197 | (30) |
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6.1 Photoactuation: A New Paradigm for Soft Micro-robotics |
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197 | (3) |
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6.2 Photoactuation in LCNs |
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200 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Photochemical Actuation |
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202 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Photothermal Actuation |
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204 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Comparison Between the Photochemical and Photothermal Effects |
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205 | (2) |
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6.3 Diversity of Shape Changes in LCNs |
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207 | (5) |
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6.3.1 Uniaxial Contraction/Expansion |
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207 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Bending and Coiling |
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208 | (1) |
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6.3.3 From Flat Sheets to Cones |
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209 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Shape Changes via Complex Alignment Patterning |
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210 | (2) |
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6.4 Physics and Dynamics of Small-Scale Robots |
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212 | (3) |
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6.5 A Historical Overview of Light-Fueled Micro-robots |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (7) |
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7 Light-Driven Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals and Their Applications |
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227 | (58) |
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Ammathanadu S. Achalkumar |
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7.1 Introduction to Liquid Crystals |
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227 | (3) |
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7.2 Classification of Liquid Crystals |
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230 | (5) |
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7.2.1 Calamitic Liquid Crystals: Phase Types and Structures |
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230 | (1) |
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7.2.1.1 Nematic (N) and Cholesteric (N*) Mesophase |
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230 | (1) |
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7.2.1.2 Smectic (Sm) Mesophase |
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231 | (1) |
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7.2.1.3 Chiral Frustrated Phases |
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232 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Discotic Liquid Crystals: Phase Types and Structures |
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234 | (1) |
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7.2.2.1 Nematic (N) Phase |
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234 | (1) |
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7.2.2.2 Columnar (Col) Mesophases |
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234 | (1) |
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7.3 Light-Driven Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals |
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235 | (23) |
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235 | (1) |
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7.3.1.1 Photoinduced Nematic to Isotropic Phase Transition |
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236 | (6) |
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7.3.1.2 Photoinduced Nematic to Smectic Phase Transition |
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242 | (2) |
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7.3.1.3 Photoinduced Phase Transition in Bent-Core Systems |
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244 | (3) |
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7.3.1.4 Photoinduced Phase Transitions Involving Smectic and Chiral Phases |
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247 | (8) |
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7.3.1.5 Photoinduced Phase Transitions Involving Columnar Phases |
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255 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Axially Chiral Azo Compounds |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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7.3 A Spiropyrans and Naphthopyrans |
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258 | (14) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (2) |
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7.3.9 Near Infrared Light-Driven Phase Transition in Hybrid Materials |
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269 | (3) |
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7.4 Applications of Light-Driven Phase Transitions |
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272 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Optical Storage Device |
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272 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Photocontrol in Liquid Crystal Displays |
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273 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Photocontrol of Mechanical Motion in Liquid Crystal Elastomers |
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274 | (1) |
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7.5 Summary and Perspective |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (10) |
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8 Photomechanical Soft Nanocomposites: Synergies Between Soft Matrix and Energy Conversion Additives |
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285 | (34) |
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285 | (1) |
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8.2 Photomechanical Nanocomposites Based on Photothermal Effect |
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286 | (10) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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8.2.2.1 Homogeneous Single-Layer Films |
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290 | (1) |
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8.2.2.2 Asymmetric Assembled Films |
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291 | (3) |
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8.2.3 Properties of Photothermal Actuators |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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8.3 Photomechanical Nanocomposites Based on Photochemical Effect |
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296 | (9) |
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8.3.1 Photodeformable Supramolecular Systems |
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296 | (1) |
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8.3.1.1 Reversible Metal-Ligand Coordination |
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296 | (1) |
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8.3.1.2 Interaction Between Cyclodextrin and Azobenzene Derivatives |
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297 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Liquid Crystalline Polymer Nanocomposites |
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299 | (1) |
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8.3.2.1 Aligned Carbon Nanotube |
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300 | (1) |
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8.3.2.2 Polymer-Dispersed Hybrid Film |
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301 | (2) |
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8.3.2.3 Bilayer Composite Film |
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303 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Incorporation of Upconversion Nanophosphors |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (4) |
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8.5 Summary and Perspectives |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (10) |
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9 Photoresponsive Polyolefins |
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319 | (22) |
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Albertus P. H. J. Schenning |
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319 | (1) |
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9.2 Photoresponsive Polymers |
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320 | (2) |
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9.3 Need for Non-liquid Crystalline or Commodity Polymeric Materials |
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322 | (2) |
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324 | (1) |
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9.5 Photoresponsive Polyolefins |
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325 | (7) |
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326 | (4) |
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9.5.2 Single-Layer Actuators |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (4) |
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9.7 Challenges for Photoresponsive Polyolefins and Future Directions |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (4) |
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10 A Photoresponsive Multi-Bilayered Film for a Tunable Photonic Crystal |
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341 | (20) |
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341 | (3) |
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341 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Tunable Photonic Crystals |
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342 | (2) |
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10.2 Photo-Tunable ID PCs |
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344 | (13) |
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10.2.1 Photoresponsive Properties of Azobenzene Molecules |
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344 | (1) |
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10.2.1.1 Optical Anisotropy Based on Molecular Orientation |
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345 | (2) |
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10.2.1.2 Refractive Indices Depending on Molecular Orientation States |
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347 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Fabrication of Multi-Bilayered Films |
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347 | (1) |
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10.2.2.1 Control of Reflection Wavelength |
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348 | (1) |
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10.2.2.2 Control of Reflection Intensity |
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349 | (1) |
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10.2.3 On-Off Switching of Reflection Based on Refractive Index Change |
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350 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Improvement of Response Speed |
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350 | (1) |
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10.2.4.1 Introduction of Biphenyl LC Group |
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350 | (2) |
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10.2.4.2 Introduction of Longer Conjugated LC Groups |
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352 | (5) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (4) |
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11 Photoinduced Liquid Crystal Domain Engineering for Optical Field Control |
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361 | (28) |
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361 | (2) |
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11.2 Photoalignment Technology and Photopatterning System |
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363 | (2) |
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11.2.1 Photoalignment Technology |
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363 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Photopatterning System |
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364 | (1) |
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11.3 Binary LC Domains for Binary Optics |
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365 | (5) |
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11.4 Space-Variant LC Domains for Geometric Phase Modulation |
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370 | (5) |
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11.5 Digitalized LC Domains for Digitalized Geometric Phase |
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375 | (4) |
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11.6 Discussion and Conclusion |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (10) |
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12 Azobenzene Polymers as Photoactive Materials for Shape Changes of Micro/Nano-objects |
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389 | (24) |
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12.1 Why Azobenzene-Based Photoactive Nano-objects? |
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389 | (7) |
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12.2 Azopolymer as a Photoactive Material |
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396 | (2) |
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12.3 Fabrication of Photoactive Nano-objects |
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398 | (6) |
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12.3.1 Fabrication of Photoactive Nanospheres |
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398 | (5) |
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12.3.2 Fabrication of Nanotubes and Nanowires |
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403 | (1) |
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12.3.3 Fabrications of Other Different Nano- and Micro-objects |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (1) |
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407 | (6) |
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13 Light-Controlled Encapsulation and Release Enabled by Photoresponsive Polymer Self-Assemblies |
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413 | (36) |
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413 | (2) |
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13.2 Photoresponsive Groups |
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415 | (2) |
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13.3 Photoresponsive Polymer Self-Assemblies for Encapsulation and Release |
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417 | (20) |
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13.3.1 Polymer Self-Assemblies from Linear Amphiphilic BCs |
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417 | (6) |
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13.3.2 Polymer Self-Assemblies from Linear-Dendritic and Branched BCs |
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423 | (4) |
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13.3.3 Polymer Self-Assemblies from Supramolecular BCs |
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427 | (2) |
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13.3.4 Photoresponsive Polymer Capsules |
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429 | (4) |
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13.3.5 Photoresponsive Microgels and Nanogels |
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433 | (1) |
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13.3.6 Other Miscellaneous Photoresponsive Polymeric Encapsulants |
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434 | (3) |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (11) |
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14 Photoresponsive Soft Materials Based on Reversible Proton Transfer |
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449 | (20) |
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449 | (2) |
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14.2 Photoactivity and Physicochemical Properties of Metastable-State Photoacids in Polymer Films |
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451 | (4) |
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14.3 Photochromic Materials Based on Photoinduced Proton Transfer |
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455 | (4) |
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14.4 Photo-Controlled Fragrant-Releasing Polymer Based on Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis |
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459 | (3) |
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14.5 Photo-Controlled Reversible Dissolution/Formation of Polymer Nanoparticles |
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462 | (3) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (3) |
Index |
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469 | |