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E-raamat: Photonic Sensing: Principles and Applications for Safety and Security Monitoring

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"The impact of certain worldwide threats such as terrorism and climate change can be significantly mitigated by the presence of effective early-detection and early-warning systems. Photonics (the use of light) has the potential to provide highly effective solutions tailored to meet a broad range of specific sensing requirements. This book provides a comprehensive review by leading experts of a wide array of photonic sensors with applications to health, environment, and security. It serves as an invaluable source for engineers, researchers, and technical staff working in the field of photonic sensing, as well as safety and security monitoring"--Provided by publisher.

"The text comprises a series of commissioned chapters from leading experts in the field of photonic sensing, with the target applications to safety and security"--Provided by publisher.

A cutting-edge look at safety and security applications of photonic sensors

With its many superior qualities, photonic sensing technology is increasingly used in early-detection and early-warning systems for biological hazards, structural flaws, and security threats. Photonic Sensing provides for the first time a comprehensive review of this exciting and rapidly evolving field, focusing on the development of cutting-edge applications in diverse areas of safety and security, from biodetection to biometrics.

The book brings together contributions from leading experts in the field, fostering effective solutions for the development of specialized materials, novel optical devices, and networking algorithms and platforms. A number of specific areas of safety and security monitoring are covered, including background information, operation principles, analytical techniques, and applications. Topics include:

  • Document security and structural integrity monitoring, as well as the detection of food pathogens and bacteria
  • Surface plasmon sensors, micro-based cytometry, optofluidic techniques, and optical coherence tomography
  • Optic fiber sensors for explosive detection and photonic liquid crystal fiber sensors for security monitoring
  • Photonics-assisted frequency measurement with promising electronic warfare applications

An invaluable, multidisciplinary resource for researchers and professionals in photonic sensing, as well as safety and security monitoring, this book will help readers jump-start their own research and development in areas of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, mechanics, electronics, and defense.

Preface xi
Contributors xiii
1 Surface Plasmons for Biodetection
1(58)
Pavel Adam
Marek Piliarik
Hana Sipova
Tomas Springer
Milan Vala
Jiri Homola
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Principles of SPR Biosensors
2(10)
1.2.1 Surface Plasmons
2(2)
1.2.2 Excitation of Surface Plasmons
4(3)
1.2.3 Sensors Based on Surface Plasmons
7(1)
1.2.4 SPR Affinity Biosensors
8(1)
1.2.5 Performance Characteristics of SPR Biosensors
9(3)
1.3 Optical Platforms for SPR Sensors
12(14)
1.3.1 Prism-Based SPR Sensors
12(8)
1.3.2 SPR Sensors Based on Grating Couplers
20(3)
1.3.3 SPR Sensors Based on Optical Waveguides
23(2)
1.3.4 Commercial SPR Sensors
25(1)
1.4 Functionalization Methods for SPR Biosensors
26(9)
1.4.1 Functional Layers
27(2)
1.4.2 Attachment of Receptors to Functional Surfaces
29(5)
1.4.3 Molecular Recognition Elements
34(1)
1.5 Applications of SPR Biosensors
35(10)
1.5.1 Detection Formats
35(1)
1.5.2 Medical Diagnostics
36(1)
1.5.3 Environmental Monitoring
36(2)
1.5.4 Food Quality and Safety
38(7)
1.6 Summary
45(14)
References
45(14)
2 Microchip-Based Flow Cytometry in Photonic Sensing: Principles and Applications for Safety and Security Monitoring
59(30)
Benjamin R. Watts
Zhiyi Zhang
Chang-Qing Xu
2.1 Introduction
59(2)
2.2 Microchip-Based Flow Cytometry
61(5)
2.3 Microchip-Based Flow Cytometry with Integrated Optics
66(7)
2.4 Applications
73(8)
2.5 Conclusion
81(8)
References
83(6)
3 Optofluidic Techniques for the Manipulation of Micro Particles: Principles and Applications to Bioanalyses
89(30)
Honglei Guo
Gaozhi Xiao
Jianping Yao
3.1 Introduction
89(1)
3.2 Optofluidic Techniques for the Manipulation of Particles
90(14)
3.2.1 Fiber-Based Optofluidic Techniques
91(5)
3.2.2 Near-Field Optofluidic Techniques
96(6)
3.2.3 Optical Chromatography Techniques: Axial-Type and Cross-Type
102(2)
3.3 Enhancing Optical Manipulation with a Monolithically Integrated on-Chip Structure
104(6)
3.4 Applications
110(2)
3.5 Conclusion
112(7)
Acknowledgments
114(1)
References
114(5)
4 Optical Fiber Sensors and Their Applications for Explosive Detection
119(28)
Jianjun Ma
Wojtek J. Bock
4.1 Introduction
119(4)
4.2 A Brief Review of Existing Fiber-Optic-Based Explosive Detectors
123(6)
4.3 High Performance Fiber-Optic Explosive Detector Based on the AFP Thin Film
129(8)
4.3.1 Optimizing Fiber-Optic Explosive Detector Architecture
129(1)
4.3.2 Experimental Demonstration of Fluorescent Quenching Detection and Discussion
130(4)
4.3.3 Unique Advantage of the Optimized Detector---Dramatically Increased Fluorescence Collection through the End-Face-TIR Process
134(3)
4.4 Generating High Quality Polymer Film---Pretreatment with Adhesion Promoter
137(1)
4.5 Effect of Photodegradation on AFP Polymer
138(1)
4.6 Optimizing Polymer Concentration for Optimized AFP-Film Thickness
138(1)
4.7 Explosive Vapor Preconcentration and Delivery
139(4)
4.7.1 Adsorption/Desorption Zone 40
141(1)
4.7.2 Equilibrium Zone 46
142(1)
4.7.3 Chromatography Zone 52
142(1)
4.7.4 Preconditioning Zone 60
142(1)
4.7.5 Sensing Zone 42
142(1)
4.8 Future Directions and Conclusions
143(4)
References
144(3)
5 Photonic Liquid Crystal Fiber Sensors for Safety and Security Monitoring
147(36)
Tomasz Wolinski
5.1 Introduction
147(2)
5.2 Materials and Experimental Setups
149(4)
5.3 Principle of Operation
153(4)
5.3.1 Mechanism of Propagation in a PLCF
153(1)
5.3.2 LC Arrangement in PCF
154(3)
5.4 Tuning Possibility
157(15)
5.4.1 Thermal Tuning
157(2)
5.4.2 Electrical Tuning
159(3)
5.4.3 Pressure Tuning
162(2)
5.4.4 Optical Tuning
164(2)
5.4.5 Birefringence Tuning
166(6)
5.5 Photonic Devices
172(4)
5.5.1 Electrically Tuned Phase Shifter
173(1)
5.5.2 Thermally/electrically Tuned Optical Filters
174(1)
5.5.3 Electrically Controlled PLCF-based Polarizer
175(1)
5.5.4 Thermally Tunable Attenuator
175(1)
5.6 Photonic Liquid Crystal Fiber Sensors for Sensing and Security
176(2)
5.7 Conclusion
178(5)
Acknowledgments
178(1)
References
179(4)
6 Miniaturized Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Systems for Potential Air Vehicle Structural Health Monitoring Applications
183(42)
Honglei Guo
Gaozhi Xiao
Nezih Mrad
Jianping Yao
6.1 Introduction
183(3)
6.2 Spectrum Fixed AWG-Based FBG Sensor System
186(4)
6.2.1 Operation Principle
186(2)
6.2.2 Applications
188(2)
6.3 Spectrum Tuning AWG-/EDG-Based FBG Sensor Systems
190(25)
6.3.1 Principle of Spectrum Tuning AWG
191(3)
6.3.2 Applications of Spectrum Tuning PLC
194(21)
6.4 Dual Function EDG-Based Interrogation Unit
215(4)
6.5 Conclusion
219(6)
Acknowledgments
220(1)
References
220(5)
7 Optical Coherence Tomography for Document Security and Biometrics
225(34)
Shoude Chang
Youxin Mao
Costel Flueraru
7.1 Introduction
225(4)
7.2 Principle of OCT
229(4)
7.2.1 Coherence Gate
229(1)
7.2.2 Time Domain and Fourier Domain OCT
230(2)
7.2.3 Full-Field OCT (FF-OCT)
232(1)
7.3 OCT Systems: Hardware and Software
233(9)
7.3.1 OCT Systems and Components
233(3)
7.3.2 Algorithms Used in OCT Signal/Image Processing
236(6)
7.4 Sensing Through Volume: Applications
242(9)
7.4.1 Security Data Storage and Retrieval
242(2)
7.4.2 Internal Biometrics for Fingerprint Recognition
244(7)
7.5 Summary and Conclusion
251(8)
References
252(7)
8 Photonics-Assisted Instantaneous Frequency Measurement
259(38)
Shilong Pan
Jianping Yao
8.1 Introduction
259(2)
8.2 Frequency Measurement Using an Optical Channelizer
261(5)
8.2.1 Optical Phased Array WDM
262(2)
8.2.2 Free-Space Diffraction Grating
264(1)
8.2.3 Phase-Shifted Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays
265(1)
8.2.4 Integrated Optical Bragg Grating Fabry-Perot Etalon
266(1)
8.3 Frequency Measurement Based on Power Monitoring
266(21)
8.3.1 Chromatic-Dispersion-Induced Microwave Power Penalty
267(6)
8.3.2 Break the Lower Frequency Bound
273(4)
8.3.3 IFM Based on Photonic Microwave Filters with Complementary Frequency Responses
277(3)
8.3.4 First-Order Photonic Microwave Differentiator
280(4)
8.3.5 Optical Power Fading Using Optical Filters
284(3)
8.4 Other Methods for Frequency Measurement
287(4)
8.4.1 Fabry-Perot Scanning Receiver
287(1)
8.4.2 Photonic Hilbert Transform
287(2)
8.4.3 Monolithically Integrated EDG
289(1)
8.4.4 Incoherent Frequency-to-Time Mapping
290(1)
8.5 Challenges and Future Prospects
291(1)
8.6 Conclusion
292(5)
References
292(5)
Index 297
GAOZHI XIAO is Senior Research Officer at the Institute for Microstructural Science at Canadas National Research Council. He is an associate editor for IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Electronics at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada.

WOJTEK J. BOCK is Canada Research Chair in Photonics. His areas of research include fiber optic sensors, metrology, and calibration parameters of non-electric optoelectronics.
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