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E-raamat: Phytochemistry of Piper betle Landraces

, (Central Drug Research, India),
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Phytochemistry of Piper betle LandracesSuurem pilt
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Piper betle (betel vine) a pan-Asiatic, tropical plant can also grow under mild subtropical areas, essentially grown for leaves which are chewed with array of additives besides slaked lime. The plant is cultivated widely in India and its neighborhood. Phytochemistry of Piper Betel Landraces presents a brief on the distribution, historical and cultural aspects and the properties ascribed to this plant in the ancient texts. Phytochemical and pharmacological information has been also included to underscore the importance of this plant in the present time. A detailed account on metabolic profiling employing modern methods such as direct analysis in real-time of flight mass spectrometric method and chemometric analysis for characterization of the available biodiversity and specificsignatures to gender and geographical locations has been presented. It was also possible to identify the gender of unknown landraces, with the help of principal component analysis.

Features:

  • Elaborates the chemical diversity within Piper betel

  • Piper betel leaves have mouth freshening compounds and are used as mouth fresheners due to the presence of antimicrobial and breath freshening compounds

  • Use of chemical signatures for the identification of different Piper betel
      landraces, their gender and geographical locations

    • Preface ix
    Acknowledgments xi
    Authors xiii
    List of Abbreviations and Units
    		xv
    1 Introduction
    		1(26)
    1.1 Common Names of Piper Species
    		2(1)
    1.2 Distribution of Piper Species
    		2(3)
    1.3 Botanical Description of Piper Species
    		5(5)
    1.3.1 Piper argyrophyllum M iq.
    		6(1)
    1.3.2 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq.
    		6(1)
    1.3.3 Piper divaricatum G.Mey. (Synonym: P. adenophyllum Miq., P. apiculatum CDC, P. colubrina (Link) Miq., P. colubrinum Link)
    		7(1)
    1.3.4 Piper galeatum (Miq.) CDC. (Synonym: Muldera galeata Miq.)
    		7(1)
    1.3.5 P/per hymenophyllum (Miq.) Wight
    		7(1)
    1.3.6 Piper longum I.
    		8(1)
    1.3.7 P/per mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Synonym: P. guigual Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
    		8(1)
    1.3.8 Piper nigrum I.
    		8(1)
    1.3.9 Piper retrofractum Vahl (Synonym: P. chaba Hunter, P. officinarum CDC.)
    		9(1)
    1.3.10 P/per umbellatum L.
    		9(1)
    1.4 Brief Review on Chemistry of Piper Species
    		10(2)
    1.5 Brief Review on Pharmacology and Biological Activity of Piper Species
    		12(7)
    1.5.1 Insecticidal and Acaricidal Activity
    		12(1)
    1.5.2 Antifungal Activity
    		12(3)
    1.5.3 Antiamoebic Activity
    		15(1)
    1.5.4 Antimicrobial Activity
    		15(1)
    1.5.5 Effect on Respiratory System
    		15(1)
    1.5.6 Antiasthmatic Activity
    		16(1)
    1.5.7 Antidiabetic Activity
    		16(1)
    1.5.8 Hypocholesterolemic Activity
    		16(1)
    1.5.9 Antioxidant Activity
    		16(1)
    1.5.10 Analgesic Activity
    		17(1)
    1.5.11 Antiinflammatory Activity
    		17(1)
    1.5.12 Immunomodulatory Activity
    		17(1)
    1.5.13 Anticancer Activity
    		17(1)
    1.5.14 Antidepressant Activity
    		18(1)
    1.5.15 Antiulcer Activity
    		18(1)
    1.5.16 Effect on Reproductive System
    		18(1)
    1.5.17 Bioavailability Enhancement
    		18(1)
    1.5.18 Hepatoprotective Activity
    		19(1)
    1.6 Traditional Medicinal Uses of Piper Species
    		19(3)
    1.7 Commercially Available Products Obtained from Various Piper Species
    		22(1)
    1.8 Phytochemical Analysis
    		22(5)
    2 Metabolic Profiling of Piper Species by Direct Analysis Using Real Time Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis
    		27(10)
    2.1 Plant Material and Chemicals
    		28(1)
    2.2 Optimization of DART-MS Analysis
    		28(1)
    2.3 DART-MS Analysis of Piper Species
    		29(5)
    2.4 Identification of Marker Using Principal Component Analysis
    		34(3)
    3 Quantitative Determination of Chemical Constituents of Piper Species Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
    		37(16)
    3.1 Plant Material and Chemicals
    		37(1)
    3.2 Extraction and Sample Preparation
    		38(1)
    3.3 UPLC-MS/MS Conditions
    		39(1)
    3.3.1 Instrumental Parameters
    		39(1)
    3.3.2 Compound-dependent Parameters
    		39(1)
    3.4 Optimization of UPLC Conditions
    		40(1)
    3.5 Optimization of MS/MS Conditions
    		41(1)
    3.6 Quantitative Analysis
    		41(10)
    3.6.1 MS/MS Spectra and MRM Transitions
    		41(2)
    3.6.2 Analytical Method Validation
    		43(1)
    3.6.3 Linearity, LOD and LOQ
    		43(2)
    3.6.4 Precision, Stability and Recovery
    		45(1)
    3.6.5 Quantitative Analysis of Samples
    		46(5)
    3.7 Discrimination of Piper Species by Principal Component Analysis
    		51(2)
    4 Conclusions
    		53(2)
    References 55(12)
    Index 67
    Vikas Bajpai completed his PhD from the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India and carried his research work under supervision of Dr. Brijesh Kumar at CSIR-Central Drug research Institute Lucknow. His research includes development and validation of LC-MS/MS methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of small molecules of Indian medicinal plants.

    Nikhil Kumar is a plant physiologist by training and worked in different capacities for about thirty years and finally superannuated from CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India. He has worked on one of the very important cultural plants of India (including South Esat Asia) Piper betle which effectively broadened his understanding as how plants contributed in the development of human skills. He has published more than fifty research papers in national and international journals. He brought to focus the ascpect of dioecy in P. betle and T. cordifolia and its possible functional implications in adaptation and biological activities.

    Brijesh Kumar is a Professor (AcSIR) and Chief Scientist of sophisticated analytical instrument facility division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Currently he is facility in charge at Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF) division of CSIR-CDRI. He has completed his PhD from CSIR-CDRI Lucknow (Dr. R.M.L Avadh University Faizabad UP, India). He has to his credit 7 book chapters, one book and 145 papers in International journal of repute. His current area of research is applications of Mass Spectrometry (DART MS/Q-TOF LC-MS/4000 Q Trap LC-MS/ Orbitrap MSn) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of molecules for quality control and authentication/standardization of Indian medicinal plants/parts and their herbal formulations. He is also involved in identification of marker compounds using statistical software to check adulteration/substitution.
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