About the Author |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xix | |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (6) |
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1.1.1 Population Growth and Aging Populations |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Minimally Invasive Procedures |
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1 | (3) |
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1.1.3 Increase of Infectious Diseases |
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4 | (1) |
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1.1.4 Outpatient and Home Health Care |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.1.7 Combination Products |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2 Medical Device Definition |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Medical Device Classification |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5 Organization of This Book |
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10 | (3) |
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10 | (3) |
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2 Regulations for Medical Devices and Application to Plastics Suppliers |
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13 | (28) |
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2.1 History and Introduction |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Medical Device Regulations |
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14 | (1) |
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2.3 United States Regulations |
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14 | (5) |
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2.3.1 Premarket Notification or 510(k) Clearance |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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2.4 European Union Medical Device Regulation |
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19 | (2) |
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2.4.1 European Union Medical Device Regulation Requirements With Respect to Materials and Plastics |
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20 | (1) |
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2.5 European Union Invitro Diagnostic Regulation |
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21 | (1) |
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2.5.1 European Union Invitro Diagnostic Regulation Requirements With Respect to Materials and Plastics |
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21 | (1) |
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2.6 CE Marking for European Union Medical Device Regulation and European Union Invitro Diagnostic Regulation |
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22 | (1) |
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2.7 ISO 13485---The Global Quality Management Systems Standard for Medical Devices |
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23 | (1) |
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2.7.1 Application of ISO 13485:2016 to Plastics Suppliers and Processers |
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24 | (1) |
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2.8 Alignment of ISO 13485:2016 and FDA 21 CFR Part 820 |
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24 | (1) |
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2.9 International Medical Device Regulators Forum |
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24 | (6) |
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30 | (6) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.10.6 Central and South America |
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35 | (1) |
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2.11 World Health Organization Medical Device Regulations Recommendations for Regions With No Regulatory Oversight or Regulations |
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36 | (1) |
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2.12 Applicability of the Regulations to Material Suppliers and Plastics Processors |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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3 Materials Used in Medical Devices |
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41 | (24) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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3.6 Advantages of Plastics |
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46 | (9) |
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46 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Miniaturization of Components |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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3.6.4 Electrical Insulation and Conductivity |
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47 | (1) |
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3.6.5 Glass and Metal Replacement |
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48 | (2) |
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3.6.6 Thermal Insulation and Thermal Conductivity |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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3.6.8 Soft-touch Properties |
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50 | (1) |
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3.6.9 Ability to be Metallized |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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3.6.12 Chemical and Corrosion Resistance |
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52 | (1) |
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3.6.13 Mildew and Fungus Resistance |
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53 | (1) |
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3.6.14 Production Costs and Economies of Scale |
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53 | (1) |
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3.6.15 Ease of Processing |
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53 | (1) |
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3.6.16 Fillers and Additives to Tailor Properties |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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3.7 Disadvantages of Plastics |
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55 | (1) |
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3.7.1 Poor Mechanical Resistance |
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56 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Poor Thermal Resistance |
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56 | (1) |
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3.7.3 Sensitivity to Aging due to Heat, Light, Humidity, Air, and Gases |
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56 | (1) |
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3.7.4 Flammability and Combustibility |
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56 | (1) |
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3.7.5 Dimensional Stability and Warpage |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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3.9 Homopolymers and Copolymers |
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59 | (2) |
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3.10 Polymer Blends and Alloys |
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61 | (1) |
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3.11 Medical Devices---Material Selection Process |
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62 | (1) |
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3.11.1 Physical and Mechanical Criteria |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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3.11.3 Electrical Criteria |
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62 | (1) |
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3.11.4 Chemical Resistance |
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62 | (1) |
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3.11.5 Sterilization Capability |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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3.11.7 Long-Term Reliability and Durability |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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4 Material Requirements for Plastics Used in Medical Devices |
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65 | (48) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (19) |
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4.2.1 Steam Sterilization |
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68 | (5) |
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4.2.2 Dry Heat Sterilization |
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73 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Ethylene Oxide Sterilization |
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74 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Other Chemical Sterilization Methods |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (6) |
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4.2.6 Sterilization Summary |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (12) |
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4.3.1 ISO 10993---Biocompatibility Standards |
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85 | (11) |
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96 | (3) |
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4.4.1 Test Methods for Environmental Stress Cracking |
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98 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Test Methods for the Immersion Test |
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98 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Test Methods for Crazing of Transparent Plastics |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Chemical Resistance Summary |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (6) |
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4.6.1 Mechanical Techniques |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (4) |
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109 | (4) |
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5 Commodity Thermoplastics: Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyolefins, Cycloolefins and Polystyrene |
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113 | (54) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (14) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (1) |
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5.2.4 PVC Chemical Resistance |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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5.2.6 PVC Biocompatibility |
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123 | (2) |
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5.2.7 PVC Joining and Welding |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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5.2.9 PVC Medical Device Applications |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (11) |
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5.3.1 Polyethylene Manufacture |
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127 | (6) |
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5.3.2 Polyethylene Properties |
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133 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Polyethylene Chemical Resistance |
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134 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Polyethylene Sterilization |
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134 | (3) |
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5.3.5 Polyethylene Biocompatibility |
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137 | (1) |
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5.3.6 Polyethylene Joining and Welding |
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138 | (1) |
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5.3.7 Polyethylene Applications---Examples |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (9) |
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5.4.1 Polypropylene Manufacture |
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138 | (4) |
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5.4.2 Polypropylene Properties |
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142 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Additives for Polypropylene |
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142 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Polypropylene Chemical Resistance |
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143 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Polypropylene Sterilization |
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144 | (1) |
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5.4.6 Polypropylene Biocompatibility |
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144 | (1) |
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5.4.7 Polypropylene Joining and Welding |
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145 | (1) |
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5.4.8 Polypropylene Applications |
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146 | (1) |
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5.5 Cyclo Olefin Copolymers (COCs) |
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147 | (4) |
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5.5.1 Cyclo Olefin Copolymer Manufacture |
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149 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Cyclo Olefin Copolymer Properties |
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149 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Cyclo Olefin Copolymer Chemical Resistance |
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150 | (1) |
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5.5.4 Cyclo Olefin Copolymer Sterilization |
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151 | (1) |
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5.5.5 Cyclo Olefin Copolymer Biocompatibility |
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151 | (1) |
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5.5.6 Cyclo Olefin Copolymer Joining and Welding |
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151 | (1) |
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5.5.7 Cyclo Olefin Copolymers Medical Applications |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (11) |
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5.6.1 Polystyrene Manufacture |
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154 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Polystyrene Properties |
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155 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Polystyrene Chemical Resistance |
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155 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Polystyrene Sterilization |
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156 | (3) |
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5.6.5 Polystyrene Biocompatibility |
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159 | (1) |
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5.6.6 Polystyrene Joining and Welding |
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159 | (1) |
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5.6.7 Polystyrene Applications---Examples |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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5.8 Commodity Thermoplastics Suppliers |
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163 | (4) |
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163 | (4) |
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6 Engineering Thermoplastics: Acrylics, Polycarbonates, Polyurethanes, Polyacetals, Polyesters, and Polyamides |
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167 | (66) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Production and Properties of Acrylics |
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167 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Chemical Resistance of Acrylics |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Sterilization of Acrylics |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Biocompatibility of Acrylics |
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170 | (1) |
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6.2.5 Acrylics Welding and Joining |
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170 | (3) |
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6.2.6 Acrylics Applications |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (15) |
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6.3.1 Production and Properties of Polycarbonates |
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174 | (4) |
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6.3.2 Polycarbonate Chemical Resistance |
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178 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Sterilization of Polycarbonates |
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180 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Polycarbonate Biocompatibility |
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181 | (2) |
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6.3.5 Bisphenol A ---Effects on Human Health |
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183 | (2) |
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6.3.6 Polycarbonate Joining and Welding |
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185 | (1) |
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6.3.7 Polycarbonate Applications---Examples |
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185 | (1) |
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6.3.8 Polycarbonate Blends |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (8) |
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6.4.1 Production and Properties of Polyurethanes |
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190 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Chemical Resistance of Polyurethanes |
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191 | (3) |
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6.4.3 Polyurethane Sterilization |
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194 | (1) |
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6.4.4 Polyurethane Biocompatibility |
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194 | (1) |
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6.4.5 Joining and Welding of Polyurethanes |
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195 | (1) |
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6.4.6 Polyurethane Applications---Examples |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (6) |
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6.5.1 Production and Properties of Polyacetals |
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197 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Chemical Resistance of Polyacetals |
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199 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Polyacetal Sterilization |
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199 | (1) |
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6.5.4 Joining and Welding of Polyacetals |
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199 | (2) |
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6.5.5 Polyacetal Applications |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (4) |
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6.6.1 Production and Properties of Polyesters |
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202 | (2) |
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6.6.2 Chemical Resistance of Polyesters |
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204 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Sterilization of Polyesters |
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205 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Polyester Biocompatibility |
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205 | (1) |
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6.6.5 Polyesters---Joining |
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205 | (1) |
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6.6.6 Polyesters---Applications |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (9) |
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6.7.1 Production and Properties of Copolyesters |
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209 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Chemical Resistance of Copolyesters |
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209 | (1) |
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6.7.3 Sterilization of Copolyesters |
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209 | (1) |
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6.7.4 Copolyester Biocompatibility |
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209 | (2) |
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6.7.5 Joining and Welding of Copolyesters |
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211 | (1) |
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6.7.6 Copolyesters---Applications |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (12) |
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6.8.1 Production and Properties of Polyamides |
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215 | (9) |
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6.8.2 Chemical Resistance of Polyamides |
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224 | (1) |
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6.8.3 Polyamide Sterilization |
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224 | (1) |
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6.8.4 Polyamide Biocompatibility |
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224 | (2) |
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6.8.5 Joining and Welding of Polyamides |
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226 | (1) |
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6.8.6 Polyamides---Applications |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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6.10 Engineering Thermoplastic Suppliers |
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227 | (6) |
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229 | (4) |
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7 High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfides, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, Fluoropolymers, and Polyarylamides |
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233 | (54) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (6) |
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7.2.1 Polysulfone Production |
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233 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Properties of Polysulfones |
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235 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Chemical Resistance of Polysulfones |
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236 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Sterilization of Polysulfones |
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236 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Polysulfones Biocompatibility |
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237 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Joining and Welding of Polysulfones |
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237 | (1) |
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7.2.7 Polysulfones---Applications |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (9) |
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7.3.1 Polyetherimides Production |
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239 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Properties of Polyetherimides |
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241 | (3) |
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7.3.3 Chemical Resistance of Polyetherimides |
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244 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Polyetherimides Sterilization |
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244 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Polyetherimides Biocompatibility |
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244 | (1) |
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7.3.6 Joining and Welding of Polyetherimides |
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244 | (1) |
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7.3.7 Polyetherimides---Applications |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (1) |
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7.4.1 Production of Polyamide-Imides |
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248 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Properties of Polyamide-Imides |
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248 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Chemical Resistance and Sterilization of Polyamide-Imides |
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248 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Joining and Welding of Polyamide-Imides |
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248 | (1) |
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7.4.5 Polyamide-Imides---Applications |
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248 | (1) |
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7.5 Polyphenylene Sulfide |
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249 | (4) |
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7.5.1 Production and Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfides |
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251 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Chemical Resistance of Polyphenylene Sulfides |
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252 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Sterilization of Polyphenylene Sulfides |
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252 | (1) |
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7.5.4 Joining and Welding of Polyphenylene Sulfides |
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253 | (1) |
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7.5.5 Polyphenylene Sulfides---Applications |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (6) |
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7.6.1 Polyaryletherketone Production |
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254 | (1) |
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7.6.2 Properties of Polyaryletherketones |
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255 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Chemical Resistance of Polyaryletherketones |
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256 | (1) |
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7.6.4 Polyaryletherketone Sterilization |
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257 | (1) |
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7.6.5 Polyaryletherketone Biocompatibility |
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257 | (1) |
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7.6.6 Joining and Welding of Polyaryletherketones |
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257 | (2) |
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7.6.7 Polyaryletherketones---Applications |
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259 | (1) |
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7.7 Liquid Crystalline Polymers |
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259 | (7) |
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7.7.1 Liquid Crystalline Polymers Production |
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261 | (3) |
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7.7.2 Liquid Crystalline Polymers Properties |
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264 | (1) |
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7.7.3 Chemical Resistance and Sterilization of Liquid Crystalline Polymers |
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265 | (1) |
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7.7.4 Joining and Welding of Liquid Crystalline Polymers |
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265 | (1) |
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7.7.5 Liquid Crystalline Polymers Applications---Examples |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (11) |
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7.8.1 Fluoropolymers Production |
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267 | (1) |
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7.8.2 Fluoropolymers Properties |
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268 | (3) |
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7.8.3 Chemical Resistance of Fluoropolymers |
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271 | (1) |
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7.8.4 Sterilization of Fluoropolymers |
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271 | (2) |
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7.8.5 Fluoropolymers Biocompatibility |
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273 | (1) |
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7.8.6 Joining and Welding of Fluoropolymers |
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273 | (1) |
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7.8.7 Fluoropolymers Applications---Examples |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (4) |
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7.9.1 Polyarylamides Production |
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277 | (1) |
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7.9.2 Polyarylamides Properties |
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278 | (1) |
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7.9.3 Polyarylamides Chemical Resistance |
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278 | (1) |
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7.9.4 Polyarylamides Sterilization |
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278 | (2) |
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7.9.5 Polyarylamides Biocompatibility |
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280 | (1) |
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7.9.6 Joining and Welding of Polyarylamides |
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280 | (1) |
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7.9.7 Polyarylamides Applications---Examples |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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7.11 High-temperature Engineering Thermoplastics Suppliers |
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283 | (4) |
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283 | (4) |
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8 Other Polymers: Styrenics, Silicones, Thermoplastic Elastomers, Biopolymers, and Thermosets |
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287 | (56) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (8) |
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8.2.1 Styrenics Production |
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288 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Properties of Styrenics |
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289 | (3) |
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8.2.3 Chemical Resistance of Styrenics |
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292 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Sterilization of Styrenics |
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292 | (2) |
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8.2.5 Styrenics Biocompatibility |
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294 | (1) |
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8.2.6 Joining and Welding of Styrenics |
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294 | (1) |
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8.2.7 Styrenics---Applications |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (9) |
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8.3.1 Silicone Production |
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296 | (3) |
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8.3.2 Properties of Silicones |
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299 | (2) |
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8.3.3 Chemical Resistance of Silicones |
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301 | (2) |
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8.3.4 Sterilization of Silicones |
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303 | (1) |
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8.3.5 Silicone Biocompatibility |
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303 | (1) |
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8.3.6 Joining and Welding of Silicones |
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303 | (1) |
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8.3.7 Silicones---Applications |
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304 | (1) |
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8.4 Thermoplastic Elastomers |
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304 | (10) |
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8.4.1 Thermoplastic Elastomer Production |
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306 | (4) |
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8.4.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers Properties |
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310 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Chemical Resistance of Thermoplastic Elastomers |
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311 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Sterilization of Thermoplastic Elastomers |
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311 | (2) |
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8.4.5 Thermoplastic Elastomer Biocompatibility |
|
|
313 | (1) |
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8.4.6 Thermoplastic Elastomer Joining and Welding |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
8.4.7 Thermoplastic Elastomers---Applications |
|
|
314 | (1) |
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|
314 | (14) |
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8.5.1 Biopolymer Production |
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|
319 | (3) |
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8.5.2 Biopolymer Properties |
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|
322 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Chemical Resistance of Biopolymers |
|
|
323 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Biopolymer Sterilization |
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|
323 | (4) |
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8.5.5 Biocompatibility of Biopolymers |
|
|
327 | (1) |
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8.5.6 Joining and Welding of Biopolymers |
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|
328 | (1) |
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8.5.7 Biopolymers---Applications |
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|
328 | (1) |
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|
328 | (9) |
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8.6.1 Thermoset Production |
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|
330 | (4) |
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8.6.2 Properties of Thermosets |
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334 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Thermosets---Applications |
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335 | (2) |
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|
337 | (1) |
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|
337 | (6) |
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|
339 | (4) |
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9 Polymer Additives Used to Enhance Material Properties for Medical Device Applications |
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|
343 | (38) |
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|
343 | (1) |
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|
343 | (1) |
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9.3 Things to Consider When Using Additives |
|
|
343 | (1) |
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|
344 | (1) |
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9.5 Wear-Resistant and Lubricious Additives |
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345 | (5) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (3) |
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352 | (1) |
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9.7.2 Laser Marking Methods |
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353 | (1) |
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9.7.3 Suitable Plastics for Laser Marking |
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353 | (1) |
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9.7.4 Formation of Images |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (3) |
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9.8.1 X-rays and Photoelectric Absorption |
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355 | (2) |
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9.8.2 Radiopacity Testing |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (4) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (7) |
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9.11.1 Nanoclays, Nanosilicates, and Nanotalcs |
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|
365 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (2) |
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9.12.1 Thermal stabilizers |
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|
370 | (1) |
|
9.12.2 Light and Radiation Stabilizers |
|
|
371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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|
373 | (1) |
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|
373 | (1) |
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|
373 | (1) |
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|
373 | (3) |
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376 | (5) |
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|
377 | (4) |
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10 Three-Dimensional Printing, Wearables, Medical Textiles, Adhesives, and Coatings |
|
|
381 | (42) |
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|
381 | (1) |
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10.2 Three-Dimensional Printing or 3D Printing for Medical Devices |
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|
381 | (6) |
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10.2.1 The Three-Dimensional Printing Process |
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|
382 | (3) |
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|
385 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Materials Used in Three-dimensional Printing |
|
|
385 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Regulatory Requirements for Three-Dimensional Printing of Medical Devices |
|
|
385 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Medical Device Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
10.3 Wearable Medical Devices |
|
|
387 | (6) |
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10.3.1 Requirements for Wearable Devices |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
10.3.2 Wearable Device Applications |
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|
390 | (3) |
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|
393 | (6) |
|
10.4.1 Requirements for Medical Textiles |
|
|
393 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Regulatory Requirements for Medical Textiles |
|
|
393 | (2) |
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10.4.3 Types of Materials and Fabrics used in Medical Textiles |
|
|
395 | (1) |
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10.4.4 Types of Medical Textiles |
|
|
396 | (2) |
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398 | (1) |
|
10.4.6 Fiber Linear Density Measurement |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
10.4.7 Plastics used in Medical Textile Fibers |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
10.5 Adhesives Used in Medical Applications |
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|
399 | (9) |
|
10.5.1 Adhesive Application Categories |
|
|
400 | (2) |
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10.5.2 Adhesive Materials and Categories |
|
|
402 | (3) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
10.5.4 Plastics and Their Adhesive Bonding Capability |
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
10.5.5 Medical Device Applications of Adhesives |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
10.6 Coatings in Medical Applications |
|
|
408 | (8) |
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|
408 | (4) |
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|
412 | (1) |
|
|
413 | (3) |
|
10.6.4 Applications of Coatings |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
10.7 Regulatory Requirements |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
10.7.1 Three-Dimensional Printing Requirements |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
10.7.2 Wearable Devices Requirements |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
10.7.3 Medical Textiles Requirements |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
418 | (5) |
|
|
418 | (5) |
|
11 Purchasing Controls and Supplier Quality for Medical Device Manufacturers and Their Suppliers |
|
|
423 | (18) |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
11.3 Regulatory Requirements for Purchasing Controls and Supplier Quality |
|
|
428 | (5) |
|
11.4 Global Harmonization Task Force (GHTF) Guidance Document on Purchasing Controls |
|
|
433 | (5) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
11.4.2 Selection of Potential Suppliers |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
11.4.3 Supplier Evaluation and Acceptance |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
11.4.4 Finalization of Controls |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
11.4.5 Feedback and Communication |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
11.5 GHTF Guidance Document on Inspection of Purchasing Controls |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
12 Process Validation for Medical Device Manufacturers and Their Suppliers |
|
|
441 | (22) |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
12.2 Process Validation and the Applicable Regulations and Standards |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
12.3 Processes That May Be Verified |
|
|
443 | (3) |
|
12.4 Processes That Require Validation |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
12.5 Process Validation Overview |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
12.6 Process Validation Planning and the Master Validation Plan |
|
|
448 | (3) |
|
12.6.1 The Master Validation Plan |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
12.6.2 The Validation Plan |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
12.6.3 The Validation Plan Example A |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
12.7 Process Validation Prerequisites |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
12.8 Process Development and Engineering Studies |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
12.8.1 Injection Molded Part---Example A |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
12.9 Installation Qualification |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
12.9.1 Injection Molded Part Example---Installation Qualification |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
12.10 Operational Qualification |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
12.10.1 Injection Molded Part Example---Operational Qualification |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
12.11 Performance Qualification |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
12.11.1 Injection Molded Part Example---Production Qualification |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
12.12 Process Validation Summary Report |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
12.12.1 Injection Molded Part Example---Validation Summary Report |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
12.13.1 Installation Qualification or Equipment Qualification |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
12.13.2 Operator and Manufacturing Work Instruction Qualification |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
12.13.3 Performance Qualification |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
12.14 Automated Processes and Software Validation |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
12.15 The Validation Life Cycle |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
12.17 Other Validations---Packaging, Cleaning, and Sterilization |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
13 Risk Management for Medical Devices |
|
|
463 | (22) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
13.2 Chronology of Risk Management in Medical Devices |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
13.3 Quality Management Systems and Risk Management |
|
|
465 | (6) |
|
13.3.1 21 CFR Part 820 and Risk Management |
|
|
465 | (3) |
|
13.3.2 ISO 13485 and Risk Management |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
13.3.3 EU MDR, EU IVDR, and Risk Management |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
13.4 Risk Management Per ISO 14971:2019 |
|
|
471 | (7) |
|
13.4.1 ISO 14971:2019---Scope and Definitions |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
13.4.2 ISO 14971:2019---Basic Process |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
13.4.3 ISO 14971:2019---Risk Analysis Prerequisites |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
13.4.4 ISO 14971:2019---Risk Analysis |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
13.4.5 ISO 14971:2019---Overall Residual Risk |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
13.4.6 ISO 14971:2019---Production and Postproduction Activities |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
13.5 Other Risk Management Techniques Supporting Risk Analysis |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
13.5.1 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
13.5.2 Fault Tree Analysis |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
13.5.3 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
13.6 Standards Related to ISO 14971 |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
13.7 ISO 10993---1 Biocompatibility and Risk Management |
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
13.7.1 Nanomaterials and Risk Management |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
|
483 | (2) |
Appendix |
|
485 | (8) |
Index |
|
493 | |