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E-raamat: Policing Problem Places

(Distinguished Professor of Administration of Justice; Professor of Law and Criminal Justice, George Mason University; Hebrew University Law School), (Senior Research Associate and Lecturer, Harvard University)
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In recent years, crime scholars and practitioners have pointed to the potential benefits of focusing crime prevention efforts on crime places. A number of studies suggest that crime is not spread evenly across city landscapes. Rather, there is significant clustering of crime in small places, or "hot spots," that generate a vastly disproportionate number of criminal events. Even within the most crime-ridden neighborhoods, crime clusters at a few discrete locations and other areas are relatively crime free. A number of researchers have argued that many crime problems can be addressed more efficiently if police officers focus their attention on these deviant places. The appeal of focusing limited resources on a small number of high-activity crime places is straightforward. If crime can be prevented at these problem places, then police will be well positioned to lower citywide crime rates.

In Policing Problem Places, Anthony Braga and David Weisburd make the case that hot spots policing is an effective approach to crime prevention that should be engaged by police departments in the United States and other countries. There is a strong and growing body of rigorous scientific evidence that the police can control crime hot spots without simply displacing crime problems to other places. Indeed, putting police officers in high crime locations is an old and well-established idea. However, the age and popularity of this idea does not necessarily mean that it is being done properly. Police officers should strive to use problem-oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques to address the place dynamics, situations, and characteristics that cause a "spot" to be "hot." Braga and Weisburd further suggest that the strategies used to police problem places can have more or less desirable effects on police-community relations. Particularly in minority neighborhoods where residents have long suffered from elevated crime problems and historically poor police service, police officers should make an effort to develop positive and collaborative relationships with residents and not engage strategies that will undermine the legitimacy of police agencies, such as indiscriminant enforcement tactics. This book argues that it is time for police departments to shift away from a focus on catching criminal offenders and move towards dealing with crime at problem places as a central crime prevention strategy.

Arvustused

"Policing Problem Places is a must read for mayors, police executives, and academics alike. This landmark work makes a particularly important contribution by offering a framework to understand and change the underlying conditions that give rise to crime hot spots. Community members, in particular, will appreciate Braga and Weisburd's focus on preventing crime through collaboration and the engagement of policing strategies that are legitimate to the people the police seek to serve and protect."--William Bratton, former Chief, Los Angeles Police Department and former Commissioner, New York Police Department "Policing Problem Places seeks nothing less than a revolution in police organization and practice. While most of the police budget is spent on police patrol, most of that time is wasted on low-crime places. In a clear and engaging style, Braga and Weisburd synthesize three decades of police research around a distinctive and brilliant vision for reorganizing our system of public crime prevention around high-crime places. This will be a widely read and influential book."--Lawrence W. Sherman, Professor of Criminology and Director of the Centre for Experimental Criminology, Cambridge University "Braga and Weisburd make an unequivocal case for a tightly focused emphasis on place in policing. They rehearse the empirical evidence for the relationship between hot-spots policing and crime prevention, but they do more. The authors introduce a critical normative criterion for good policing--legitimacy--that scholars must address and police executives must not ignore. This is the book on smarter and fairer law enforcement."--Tracey L. Meares, Deputy Dean and Walton Hale Hamilton Professor of Law, Yale Law School "This book provides a clarion call to police officers and police leaders everywhere to follow the evidence, to focus on policing places and to reduce crime. It is a recipe book for safer places, less crime, and better policing."--Peter Neyroud QPM, Chief Constable and Chief Executive, National Policing Improvement Agency, UK "The National Academy of Sciences has recommended that the police concentrate their efforts on developing specific strategies to deal with specific problems rather than on the more general strategies of patrol and investigation that had been the core of policing for at least two generations. In this book, Anthony Braga and David Weisburd have shown how to meet this challenge. They have forged a strong connection between sophisticated crime control theory and the existing scientific evidence on policing crime hot spots. The result is a rich, rigorous, and provocative analysis... A must read for both academics and practitioners."--Mark H. Moore, Hauser Professor of Nonprofit Organizations, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

Tables
ix
Figures
xi
1 Introduction
3(32)
2 Putting Hot Spots Policing in Context
35(64)
3 The Theoretical Importance of Place in Crime Prevention
4 The Empirical Evidence for Hot Spots Policing
99(52)
5 Dealing with Problem Places
151(36)
6 Enhancing Police Legitimacy through Community Engagement in Problem Places
187(34)
7 Conclusion: Improving Policing by Focusing on Problem Places
221(26)
Notes 247(6)
References 253(40)
Index 293
Anthony A. Braga is Senior Research Associate and Lecturer in Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

David L. Weisburd holds a joint appointment as a Distinguished Professor in the Administration of Justice Department at George Mason University and also as the Walter E. Meyer Professor of Law and Criminal Justice at the Hebrew University Law School in Jerusalem.