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E-raamat: Politics and Society in the Developing World

  • Formaat: 488 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jun-2014
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317865940
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  • Formaat: 488 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jun-2014
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317865940

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In a world seemingly surfing a wave of unprecedented affluence, it is sobering to be reminded that only thirty out of nearly two hundred countries can really be classified as advanced industrialized countries. Eighty per cent of the world's population lives in the developing world. This popular, concise introduction scrutinises the developing world, its varied political institutions and the key social, economic and environmental issues at the heart of contemporary debates.



Wide-ranging and clearly written, Politics and Society in the Developing World begins by providing a brisk survey of the major theoretical and methodological interpretations of the social impact of development. It then details the factors which determine the parameters of the developing world before moving on to examine its infrastructure and the crises currently facing it. The book also covers the social and economic contexts of developing societies, the international arena and its impact on the developing world, state-building and the tension between dictatorship and democratization. The book focuses on four policy areas: aid, trade, tourism and the environment.



 

Muu info

A concise introduction to the political make-up of the developing world and the issues facing it.
List of tables, figures and maps xiii
List of plates xv
List of abbreviations xvii
Preface to the third edition xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
Part I The developing world 1
1 Third World or developing world?
3
What is development?
3
Which are the developing countries?
4
First World and Third World
5
South v North
5
Survival of the term Third World
13
Colonisation and post-colonial society
13
Independence and the legacy of war and militarism
17
Gender and the roles of women and men
19
Women and development
24
Research in the developing world
26
Social and other indicators
27
China: the dragon awakes?
32
Competing ideologies and interpretations of development
36
Strategies of industrialisation
44
A right to development?
48
Development in the free market
51
Transnational corporations
53
Globalisation: what is it and what effect does it have?
57
Neo-liberalism
59
Conclusion
62
Key terms
63
Questions
64
2 The infrastructure of the developing world
65
Physical location
65
Main geographical features
66
Case study 2.1: The Asian tsunami of 2004
69
Relief and drainage
72
Boundaries and territorial disputes
75
Case study 2.2: Refugees: the case of East Timor (Timor Leste)
80
Terrorism
81
Agricultural activity
82
Mining
86
Human settlement
88
Case study 2.3: Refugees: the case of Rwanda
91
Land reform
92
Urbanisation
95
Migrants
100
Communications
101
Small island developing states
105
The balance sheet: assets and problems
106
Key terms
108
Questions
108
3 The crisis of the developing world
109
Poverty and basic needs
109
Water
111
Food
113
Sanitation and health
120
Infant mortality and life expectancy
121
Medical services
125
Case study 3.1: Malaria
127
Case study 3.2: HIV/AIDS
130
Housing
131
Case study 3.3: Bird flu
132
Education
134
Population growth
135
Key terms
140
Questions
141
Part II Social and economic contexts 143
4 The economic context
145
Introduction
145
How is economic policy made?
146
Africa: globalisation and marginalisation
152
Case study 4.1: Ghana
152
Cash crops
154
Latin America: the persistence of debt
155
The debt boomerang
161
The 'war on drugs'
161
Policy choices for indebted countries
163
The crisis of 1997
164
Asia: the newly industrialising countries
165
The rise of the NICs
166
The fear of insecurity: the South-east Asia crisis and after
169
Globalisation
171
Transnational links
172
Business and politics: taxation, tariffs and privatisation
174
Bretton Woods
175
The International Monetary Fund
176
The World Bank
179
The GATT and WTO
180
Case study 4.2: Bananas
184
Regional economic groupings
186
Conclusion
189
Key terms
189
Questions
192
5 The social context
193
Introduction
193
Gender and society
193
Women and work
194
Women and children
198
Women and political power
200
Women and the orthodoxy of development
204
Impact of development on other disadvantaged groups
206
Ethnic cleavages
207
Class and state
209
The family
218
Indigenous peoples
221
Social factors favouring development
225
Maintaining social provision in an evolving society
226
Religion, politics and society
228
The clash of cultures
230
The concept of modernity: competing cultures
233
The global network
235
Impact of transnational media
236
'McWorld?'
239
Opinion formers
240
News management and international perception of the developing world
241
High culture
242
Conclusion
246
Key terms
247
Questions
248
6 The international context
249
Introduction
249
Two hours that shook the world
250
George Bush and the aftermath of '9/11'
250
War in Iraq
252
The post-war situation
253
Terror and the developing world
254
The breakdown of the state
254
Intervention
256
Non-alignment
260
Developing world conflicts
264
Weapons of mass destruction in the developing world
266
The role of the United Nations
268
Regional alignments
270
The first Bush Administration and Panama
273
The rise of 'humanitarian intervention'
274
The Gulf War 1991
275
Rwanda
277
International peacemaking/peacekeeping
280
The international politics of oil
281
The oil majors as actors in South–North relations
285
Libya and the North
286
Oil in South–North relations today
288
The international politics of water
290
Conclusion
293
Key terms
294
Questions
294
Part III Politics of the developing world 297
7 State-building
299
Introduction
299
Who makes the law?
302
The problem of the weak state
303
Constitutional government
303
Parliamentary systems
307
Presidential systems
308
Interest groups
310
Political parties and elections
311
Organisation of political parties
314
Rise and fall of the 'one-party state'
315
Populism and democracy
320
Causes of insurgency
321
Nationalism
322
Religion and ethnicity
323
Case study 7.1: Sri Lanka
325
Personalism
326
Corruption
331
Conclusion
333
Key Terms
334
Questions
335
8 Dictatorship and democratisation
337
Introduction
337
Authoritarianism
338
Coercive structures
339
Military intervention
341
Structure and roles of armed forces
344
Military developmentalism
347
Case study 8.1: Democratisation in Argentina
349
Arms procurement
351
Regional powers
352
Requirements for liberal democracy
357
Democratisation in the developing world
359
Empowerment and the growth of civil society
363
Democracy and development
366
Democracy promotion
369
Case study 8.2: Democratisation in Ghana
371
Conclusion
373
Key terms
373
Questions
374
Part IV Policy issues 377
9 Policy issues
379
Introduction
379
Aid
380
Trade
391
South—South trade
392
Tourism
394
Case study 9.1: Goa
397
Case study 9.2: Belize
398
Case study 9.3: Costa Rica
398
Case study 9.4: The Caribbean Islands
399
Case study 9.5: Kenya
401
Case study 9.6: The Gambia
402
Case study 9.7: Southern Africa
402
Environment
404
Key terms
420
Questions
421
10 Conclusion
422
Modernisation in Asia
423
The radicalisation of the Middle East
424
The decline of Africa
425
The de—industrialisation of Europe
426
The future of the poorest countries
427
References 428
Index 449


Peter Calvert is Emeritus Professor of Comparative and International Politics at the University of Southampton.

Susan Calvert was formerly a Lecturer at Itchen College, Southampton and a Visiting Research Fellow in the Department of Politics at the University of Southampton.