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E-raamat: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - E-Book: Basic Science to Clinical Advances Across the Lifespan

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Edited by (Associate Professor, Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University), Edited by (Lecturer and Consultant Endocrinologist, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Nov-2022
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323879330
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Nov-2022
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323879330
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Providing a holistic, global approach to all aspects of PCOS, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Basic Science to Clinical Advances Across the Lifespan offers authoritative guidance on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this challenging syndrome. It presents a coherent, evidence-based approach to diagnosis, as well as recommendations for clinical practice grounded in recent advances in basic sciences. Unique in the field, this practical resource provides decision-making tools for endocrinologists, fertility specialists, gynecologists, and internists who diagnose and treat patients with this complex chronic condition.

  • Covers all aspects of PCOS and management across the lifespan, including short- and long-term metabolic, endocrine, and psychological challenges.

  • Offers an integrative approach to the understanding of pathophysiology and management of PCOS in adult women and adolescent girls with a focus on genetics, microRNAs, and risk factors.

  • Includes clinical, hormonal and metabolic features as well as diagnostic criteria and PCOS phenotypes.

  • Presents treatment and management options for common symptoms, hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and conception planning, including a chapter on subfertility and the male PCOS equivalent. Includes coverage of standard comorbidities, as well as a section on global approaches to patients with PCOS that addresses unique concerns, practices, and stigmas associated with how different cultures approach the disorder.

  • Addresses the use of complementary/alternative medicine, lifestyle modification, and behavioral therapy in managing PCOS.

  • An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

SECTION I Overview of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
1(22)
1 Introduction to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
1(5)
Introduction
1(5)
2 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes
6(5)
Introduction
6(1)
Ethnic Variations in PCOS Prevalence and Clinical Presentation
6(5)
3 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
11(12)
Introduction
11(1)
Risk Factors and Pathogenesis of PCOS in Adolescents
11(1)
Diagnostic Challenges in Adolescent PCOS
11(2)
Differential Diagnosis of PCOS in Adolescents
13(1)
Diagnosis of PCOS in Adolescence
13(1)
Clinical Presentation
13(3)
Quality of Life in Adolescents With PCOS
16(1)
Diagnostic Approach to PCOS in Adolescence
16(1)
Treatment Strategies
17(2)
Summary
19(4)
SECTION II Pathogenesis and Clinical Presentation
23(88)
4 Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
23(10)
Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
23(1)
Hormonal Aberrations
23(2)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
25(1)
Vitamin D
26(1)
Epigenetics
26(2)
Genetics
28(5)
5 Interplay of Adipocytokines With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
33(10)
Introduction
33(2)
Adiponectin
35(1)
Leptin
36(1)
Resistin
36(1)
Visfatin
36(2)
Chemerin
38(1)
Asprosin
38(1)
Conclusion
39(4)
6 Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation in Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
43(8)
Introduction: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
43(1)
The Oxidant and Antioxidant System
43(1)
Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation
43(1)
Oxidative Stress and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
44(1)
Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Cellular Functions in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients
44(2)
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Detected in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
46(2)
Identification and Prevention of OS Enhancing Factors
48(1)
Conclusion
48(3)
7 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Subfertility: Ovulation Dysregulation and Fertility Problems (Clinical Features and Pathophysiology)
51(5)
Introduction
51(1)
Normal Ovulation Physiology
51(2)
Pathology in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
53(1)
Conclusion
54(2)
8 Clinical Features and Presentation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
56(5)
Introduction
56(1)
Clinical Features
56(5)
9 Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
61(14)
Introduction
61(1)
Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adults
61(4)
National Institutes of Health Criteria
65(1)
Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society Criteria
65(1)
Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Postmenopausal Females
65(1)
Diagnostic Criteria
66(1)
Diagnosis in Adolescents
66(1)
Challenges in the Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
67(1)
Diagnostic Criteria in Adolescents
67(1)
Referral to Specialist
68(2)
Conclusion
70(5)
10 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome: Risks in Later Life
75(12)
Introduction
75(1)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Obesity
75(1)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin Resistance
75(2)
Assessment of Insulin Resistance
77(1)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome
77(4)
Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotype
81(1)
Abnormalities of Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
81(1)
Risks in Later Life
82(1)
Screening for Metabolic Syndrome
83(1)
Clinical Implications
83(1)
Future Research Needs
84(3)
11 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Mental Health
87(5)
Introduction
87(1)
Depressive and Anxiety Disorder
87(1)
Body Image and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
87(1)
The Complex Trio of Culture, Stigma, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
87(1)
Sexuality and Marital Life
88(1)
Quality of Life
88(1)
Coping Strategies
88(1)
Eating Disorders
88(1)
Bipolar Affective Disorder
88(1)
The Complex Relationship Between Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Psychological Issues
88(1)
Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
89(1)
Specific Management for Anxiety and Depressive Disorders
89(1)
Specific Biologic Interventions for Mood Disorder in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
89(1)
Referral to Specialized Psychiatric Services
89(1)
Conclusion
89(3)
12 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
92(8)
Is There Any Link Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?
92(1)
What Is the Plausible Connection Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?
92(3)
Conclusion
95(5)
13 Male Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Equivalent
100(11)
Introduction
100(1)
Findings in Male Relatives of Females With PCOS
100(2)
Early-Onset Androgenic Alopecia: A Possible Male PCOS Equivalent Marker?
102(5)
Conclusions and Final Remarks
107(4)
SECTION III Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Associated Comorbidities
111(74)
14 Pharmacologic Management of PCOS: Menstrual Irregularities
111(6)
Definition
111(1)
Pathophysiology
111(1)
Implications of Menstrual Irregularities in PCOS Patients
112(1)
Management of Menstrual Irregularities in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
113(2)
Summary
115(2)
15 Pharmacologic Management for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Hirsutism and Acne
117(5)
Introduction
117(1)
Treatment of Hirsutism
117(2)
Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
119(1)
Systemic Therapy
119(1)
Devices and Physical Modalities for Treating Active Acne
120(1)
Conclusion
120(2)
16 Pharmacologic Management for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Weight Loss
122(8)
Significance of Weight in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
122(1)
Weight Management
122(2)
Pharmacologic Interventions
124(3)
Bariatric Surgery
127(3)
17 Role of Insulin Sensitizers in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
130(6)
Introduction
130(1)
Mechanism of Insulin Sensitizers in PCOS
130(1)
Insulin Sensitizers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
130(4)
Comparative Studies Among Various Insulin Sensitizers
134(1)
Conclusion
134(2)
18 Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
136(5)
Background
136(1)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
136(1)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases
137(1)
Cardiovascular Risk Management in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
138(1)
Primary Prevention Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
139(1)
Conclusion
139(2)
19 Management of Subfertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
141(20)
Introduction
141(1)
Physiologic Principles of Gonadotrophin Ovarian Stimulation
141(3)
Pathophysiology: The Effect of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Fertility
144(1)
Investigations of Infertility Patients in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
145(1)
Principles of Management of Anovulatory Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
145(1)
Management Therapies
146(10)
Conclusion
156(5)
20 Management of Associated Risks of Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
161(5)
Possible Underlying Mechanism of Pathophysiologic Changes in Females With PCOS During Pregnancy
161(1)
Risks Associated With Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
162(1)
Management of Pregnancy Complications in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients
163(1)
Lifestyle Modifications
163(1)
Metformin
163(1)
Myoinositol
163(1)
Conclusion
164(2)
21 Importance of Lifestyle Modifications
166(5)
Introduction
166(1)
How Lifestyle Interventions Work
166(1)
Diet Modification
166(1)
Exercise
167(1)
Behavioral Strategies
168(1)
Vitamin D
168(1)
Environmental Endocrine Disruptors
168(1)
Summary
168(3)
22 Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
171(10)
Introduction
171(1)
Etiology
171(1)
Treatment Modalities
172(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
172(2)
Role of Medicinal Herbs in the Management of PCOS
174(2)
Role of Functional Foods in the Management of PCOS
176(1)
Role of Nuts Intake in the Management of PCOS
177(4)
23 Evidence-Based Recommendations for Clinical Practice (Future Directions: Research and Practice)
181(4)
Introduction
181(1)
Questions for Investigating and Establishing Quality Standards for the Diagnosis of PCOS
181(1)
Questions for Understanding What Works for Improving Treatments and Interventions for PCOS
181(1)
Questions for Identifying the Mental and Physical Health Comorbidity Associated With PCOS
182(1)
Questions for Exploring the Contextual and Social Factors Related to PCOS Outcomes
182(1)
Questions for Strengthening Capacity Building and Organizational Readiness for Health Systems Responsive to the Needs of Populations With or at Risk for PCOS
182(1)
Concluding Remarks
183(2)
SECTION IV Global Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
185
24 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in South Asians
185(6)
Genetics of PCOS in the South Asian Population
185(1)
Metabolic Disorders and Other Medical Conditions in South Asians With PCOS
186(1)
PCOS Fertility and Pregnancy
187(1)
Physical Characteristics of PCOS in South Asian Females With PCOS and the Impact on Quality of Life
187(4)
25 Situation Analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Central and East Asia
191(9)
Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Region
191(1)
Factors Influencing the Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Management of PCOS
191(1)
Central Asia
192(1)
East Asia
192(6)
Conclusion
198(2)
26 Situational Analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Southeast Asia
200(7)
Brunei
200(1)
Cambodia
200(1)
East Timor (Timor-Leste)
200(2)
Indonesia
202(1)
Laos
202(1)
Malaysia
202(1)
Myanmar
203(1)
Philippines
203(1)
Singapore
203(1)
Thailand
204(1)
Vietnam
204(1)
Conclusion
205(2)
27 Situation Analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Western Asia
207(9)
Countries in the Northern Region of Western Asia
207(1)
Countries in the Fertile Crescent of Western Asia
208(3)
Countries Situated in the Arab Peninsula
211(5)
28 Situation Analysis, Cultural Beliefs, Lifestyle, and the Psychological Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Europe
216(4)
Background
216(1)
Situation in Europe
216(1)
Cultural Beliefs and Implication of Lifestyle in Patients With PCOS
216(3)
Psychological Impact
219(1)
29 Global Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Africa
220(9)
Introduction
220(1)
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Africa
220(1)
Clinical Picture of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Africans
221(5)
Treatment Modalities for PCOS in Africa
226(2)
Recommendations and Conclusions
228(1)
30 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in North America
229
North America
229(1)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Associated Disorders in Females in the United States
229(3)
Diagnosis
232(1)
Treatment (According to Recommendations Made by the ASRM)
232
Dr. Rehana Rehman has 20 years of teaching experience in the field of physiology. She is a well-recognized authority in the field of reproductive physiology and is working to identify treatable causes of infertility in collaboration with the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre. She has more than 200 publications in high impact national & international journal and 60 abstract presentations (oral and poster) in local and international conferences. Her book "Five Minutes to Wellness” is based on holistic review of all dimensions of wellness of medical students. She is a member of the Society for Endocrinology and the European Society of Human Reproduction & Endocrinology. Dr. Aisha Sheikh is a Consultant Endocrinologist. She is actively involved in medical education and research and she has published several research papers and book chapters. Dr. Sheikh is currently the Joint Secretary of Pakistan Endocrine Society. She has keen interest in antenatal Diabetes & Endocrinology and has played a key role in development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus recommendations and action plans from the platform of the South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies (SAFES). She has written book chapters, published her research findings, and presented her research at international meetings. She is a member of the Pakistan Endocrine Society and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.
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