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E-raamat: Polymers and Additives in Extreme Environments: Application, Properties, and Fabrication

(University of Leoben, Austria)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119851530
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119851530

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POLYMERS AND ADDITVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS Uniquely catalogs polymers and additives for uses in extreme applications such as in high or low pressure, high or low temperature, deep water and other special applications.



The book includes chapters on aqueous environments including polymeric membranes for water purification and wastewater treatment; extreme pressure environments such as oils and lubricants for combustion engines as well as materials used for deep drilling such as surfactants, scale inhibitors, foaming agents, defoamers, propellants, fracturing fluids; extreme temperatures is subdivided in high and low temperature applications including gasketing materials, fuel tank sealants, expulsion bladders, fuel cell materials, and on the other hand, cold weather articles and thermoregulatory textiles; electrical applications include solar cell devices, triboelectric generators, fuel cell applications, electrochromic materials and batteries; medical applications include polymers for contact lenses, materials for tissue engineering, sophisticated drug delivery systems; aerospace applications include outer space applications such as low temperature and pressure, also cosmic rays, outgassing, and atomic erosion, as well as materials for electrostactic dissipative coatings and space suits; a final chapter detailing materials that are used in other extreme environments, such as adhesives, and polymeric concrete materials.

Audience

Materials and polymer scientists working in manufacturing and plastics, civil and mechanical engineers in various industries such as automotive, aircraft, space, marine and shipping, electronics, construction, electrical, etc. will find this book essential. The book will also serve the needs of engineers and specialists who have only a passing contact with polymers and additives in industrial setting need to know more.
Preface xi
1 Materials for Extreme Environments 1(28)
References
23(6)
2 Aqueous Environments 29(28)
2.1 Water Purification
29(7)
2.1.1 Synthetic Membranes
29(2)
2.1.2 Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
31(5)
2.1.3 Removal of Phenolic Compounds
36(1)
2.2 Polymer Membranes
36(14)
2.2.1 Functional Polymer Membranes
39(2)
2.2.2 Membranes with Intrinsic Microporosity
41(3)
2.2.3 Transport Mechanisms
44(1)
2.2.4 Materials for Membranes
45(4)
2.2.5 Robeson Plot
49(1)
References
50(7)
3 Extreme Pressure Environments 57(60)
3.1 Engine Oils
57(3)
3.1.1 Block Copolymer Nanoparticles
57(2)
3.1.2 Heavy Duty Applications
59(1)
3.1.3 Oil Degradation in a Combustion Engine
59(1)
3.2 Extreme Pressure Lubricant Additives
60(6)
3.2.1 Inorganic Polymers
63(3)
3.3 Deep Drilling
66(14)
3.3.1 Surfactants
67(1)
3.3.2 Scale Inhibitors
68(1)
3.3.3 Foaming Agents
69(1)
3.3.4 Defoamers
69(1)
3.3.5 Crosslinking Agents
70(2)
3.3.6 Gel Stabilizers
72(1)
3.3.7 Gel Breakers
72(1)
3.3.8 Biocides
73(1)
3.3.9 Proppants
73(1)
3.3.10 Fracturing Fluids
73(1)
3.3.11 Thickeners
74(1)
3.3.12 Friction Reducers
74(2)
3.3.13 Fluid Loss Additives
76(1)
3.3.14 Emulsifiers
77(1)
3.3.15 Demulsifiers
78(1)
3.3.16 Clay Stabilization
78(1)
3.3.17 pH Control Additives
79(1)
3.4 Automotive Applications
80(27)
3.4.1 Airbags
80(23)
3.4.2 Silicone Rubber Sponge
103(4)
References
107(10)
4 Extreme Temperature 117(20)
4.1 High-Temperature Environments
117(7)
4.1.1 Solvent-Resistant Elastomers
117(1)
4.1.2 Processable Silicone Composites
118(2)
4.1.3 Polymer-Derived Ceramics
120(1)
4.1.4 Membrane Fuel Cells
121(3)
4.2 Low-Temperature Environments
124(8)
4.2.1 Cold Weather Articles
124(4)
4.2.2 Low-Temperature Thermal Insulation Garment
128(4)
4.3 Thermoregulatory Textile
132(3)
4.3.1 Integrated Garment System
134(1)
References
135(2)
5 Electrical Applications 137(60)
5.1 Ionic Liquids
137(11)
5.1.1 Monomers
138(3)
5.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Separation
141(1)
5.1.3 Polymeric Ionic Liquids
142(4)
5.1.4 Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids
146(1)
5.1.5 Computer Simulation
147(1)
5.2 Solar Cell Devices
148(11)
5.2.1 History of Photovoltaics
148(1)
5.2.2 High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics
149(4)
5.2.3 Naphthodithiophene
153(1)
5.2.4 Stability
154(5)
5.3 Triboelectric Nanogenerators
159(9)
5.3.1 Triboelectric Polymers
161(3)
5.3.2 Paper-Based Generator
164(1)
5.3.3 Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerator
165(3)
5.4 Fuel Cell Applications
168(2)
5.5 Conductive Nanocomposites
170(1)
5.6 Electrochromic Materials
170(1)
5.7 Batteries
171(10)
5.7.1 Cathode Polymers
171(4)
5.7.2 Polymeric Electrolytes
175(2)
5.7.3 Polymer Interlayers
177(1)
5.7.4 Polymer Separators
178(2)
5.7.5 Protective Polymers
180(1)
References
181(16)
6 Medical Applications 197(150)
6.1 Contact Lenses
197(75)
6.1.1 History of Contact Lenses
197(1)
6.1.2 Materials
198(1)
6.1.3 Monomers
199(6)
6.1.4 Soft Lenses
205(33)
6.1.5 Functional Contact Lenses
238(20)
6.1.6 Fabrication Methods
258(14)
6.2 Tissue Engineering
272(4)
6.2.1 Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
275(1)
6.2.2 Coating of an Implantable Device
275(1)
6.3 Drug Delivery Systems
276(28)
6.3.1 Pharmaceutical Cocrystals
277(1)
6.3.2 Drug-Eluting Stents
278(1)
6.3.3 Microchamber for Bacteria-Based Drug Delivery
278(1)
6.3.4 Polymer Microspheres
279(8)
6.3.5 Inhalable Particles
287(1)
6.3.6 Microfabricated Drug Delivery Systems
287(1)
6.3.7 Oral Drug Delivery
288(2)
6.3.8 Nasal Delivery and Diagnostics
290(1)
6.3.9 Transdermal Drug Delivery Devices
291(5)
6.3.10 Drop-on-Demand System
296(1)
6.3.11 Pulmonary Drug Delivery
297(1)
6.3.12 Microchip Drug Delivery
298(1)
6.3.13 Microchannels Drug Delivery
298(1)
6.3.14 Printing Poorly Soluble Drugs
299(1)
6.3.15 Fabrication of Personalized Doses
300(1)
6.3.16 Pharmaceutical Bilayer Tablets
300(1)
6.3.17 Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing
301(1)
6.3.18 Three-Dimensional Printing
302(1)
6.3.19 Bioabsorbable Stent with Prohealing Layer
303(1)
6.3.20 Electrolytic Deposition
304(1)
6.4 Polymeric Materials for Surface Modification
304(8)
6.4.1 Porous Polymer Particles
311(1)
6.5 Nanomaterials
312(8)
6.5.1 Photosensitive Nanoparticles
314(3)
6.5.2 Crosslinked Polymeric Nanoparticles
317(3)
6.6 Other Fabrication Methods
320(14)
6.6.1 Controlled Spreading
320(1)
6.6.2 Thermal Inkjet Spray Freeze-Drying
321(1)
6.6.3 Drug-Loaded Polymer Microparticles with Arbitrary Geometries
322(1)
6.6.4 Microarray Technology
322(1)
6.6.5 Biphasic Inks
322(7)
6.6.6 Contact Lenses
329(4)
6.6.7 Dip-Pen Nanolithography
333(1)
6.6.8 Direct-Write Lithographic Printing of Peptides and Proteins
333(1)
References
334(13)
7 Drug Delivery 347(50)
7.1 Biodegradable Polymers
347(1)
7.2 Sustained Release Technology
347(15)
7.2.1 Acacia
350(3)
7.2.2 Carrageenan
353(1)
7.2.3 Cellulose
354(1)
7.2.4 Chitosan
355(1)
7.2.5 Gellan Gum
355(1)
7.2.6 Guar Gum
355(1)
7.2.7 Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives
356(1)
7.2.8 Khaya Gum
357(1)
7.2.9 Locust Bean Gum
357(1)
7.2.10 Pectin
358(1)
7.2.11 Xanthan Gum
359(1)
7.2.12 Electrospinning
359(1)
7.2.13 Drug Release from Electrospun Fibers
360(2)
7.3 Tissue Engineering
362(2)
7.3.1 Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
363(1)
7.4 Tissue Markers
364(2)
7.5 Hydrogels
366(1)
7.6 Microporous Materials
367(3)
7.7 Implants
370(10)
7.7.1 Inflammatory Problems with Implants
370(1)
7.7.2 Eye Implants
371(1)
7.7.3 Thermosetting Implants
372(8)
7.7.4 Neurotoxin Implants
380(1)
7.7.5 Water-Soluble Glass Fibers
380(1)
7.8 Shape-Memory Polymers
380(3)
7.8.1 Shape-Memory Polyesters
382(1)
7.9 Stents
383(3)
7.9.1 Surface Erosion
384(1)
7.9.2 Tubular Main Body
385(1)
7.9.3 Multilayer Stents
386(1)
7.10 Thermogelling Materials
386(1)
7.11 Wound Dressings
387(1)
7.12 Bioceramics
387(2)
7.13 Conjugates
389(1)
References
390(7)
8 Aero and Space Applications 397(58)
8.1 Technical Standards
397(6)
8.2 Aerospace Applications
403(24)
8.2.1 Components for Airplanes
403(2)
8.2.2 Polymer Matrix Composites
405(1)
8.2.3 Nanocomposites
405(1)
8.2.4 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers
406(5)
8.2.5 Sealants for Aerospace Fuel Tanks
411(7)
8.2.6 Leak Detection
418(1)
8.2.7 Antistatic Applications
418(1)
8.2.8 Electroactive Polymers
419(1)
8.2.9 Shape-Memory Polymers
419(8)
8.3 Outer Space Applications
427(17)
8.3.1 Disadvantages of Polymers
428(2)
8.3.2 Solar Cells
430(3)
8.3.3 Antenna Reflector
433(1)
8.3.4 Polymeric Coating
434(5)
8.3.5 Space Suits
439(1)
8.3.6 Electrostactic Dissipative Coatings
440(4)
References
444(11)
9 Other Environments 455(28)
9.1 Adhesives
455(2)
9.1.1 Lignin
455(1)
9.1.2 Mussel-Inspired Adhesives
456(1)
9.1.3 Supramolecular Polymer Adhesives
457(1)
9.2 Extreme pH
457(10)
9.2.1 Hydrolytic Degradation
457(1)
9.2.2 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Membranes
458(2)
9.2.3 Pulp and Paper Production
460(2)
9.2.4 Polymeric Micelles
462(1)
9.2.5 pH-Stable Stationary Phases
463(4)
9.3 Concrete
467(10)
9.3.1 Metakaolin and Polymers
467(2)
9.3.2 Polymer-Modified Mortar
469(1)
9.3.3 Functionalized Polyvinyl alcohol)
469(1)
9.3.4 Polymer Concrete
470(1)
9.3.5 Influence of Humidity
471(2)
9.3.6 Polymer Emulsions and Fibers
473(2)
9.3.7 Lightweight Cement
475(1)
9.3.8 Recycling Control
476(1)
References
477(6)
Index 483(1)
Acronyms 483(4)
Chemicals 487(18)
General Index 505
Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 30 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published many books on physical chemistry and polymer science including A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2009), The Chemistry of Biobased Polymers, 2nd edition (Wiley-Scrivener 2019), The Chemistry of Environmental Engineering (Wiley-Scrivener 2020), and Plastics Process Analysis, Instrumentation and Control (Wiley-Scrivener 2021).