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E-raamat: Power Electronics and Control Techniques for Maximum Energy Harvesting in Photovoltaic Systems

(Second University of Naples, Italy), (University of Salerno, Italy), (University of Salerno, Italy), (University of Salerno, Italy)
  • Formaat: 366 pages
  • Sari: Industrial Electronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781466506916
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Power Electronics and Control Techniques for Maximum Energy Harvesting in Photovoltaic SystemsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 366 pages
  • Sari: Industrial Electronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781466506916
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"Preface Photovoltaic (PV) systems are nowadays producing a significant amount of the electrical energy used all around the world. The support the PV technology can offer in the next decades, to the rate of growth of the advanced economies as well as of the developing Countries, is very high. The incentives provided at a first stage by the European governments have resulted in the rapid growth of the photovoltaic market and in the increase of the number and quality of products offered by the industries. PV modules by many producers are nowadays commercially available and a number of power electronic systems have been put on the Market for processing the electric power produced by PV systems, especially for grid connected applications. Also the scientificliterature concerning PV applications has been characterized by a strong quantitative and qualitative growth in the last decade. A huge number of papers has been written and continues to be published in many journals; moreover, high impact factor scientific journals which are specifically devoted to photovoltaic systems are printed. A significant number of scientific papers is dedicated to the control of the photovoltaic source. A simple search on the Reuters Thomson website reveals that, at the end of May 2012, about 600 papers include the Maximum Power Point Tracking among their keywords. Many authors have contributed to the scientific field of the circuits and systems ensuring the best operation of the photovoltaic generator, but a reference in this field is still lacking. Some books that try to assess the most significant improvements concerning the connection of the photovoltaic systems to the grid have been recently published"--

Incentives provided by European governments have resulted in the rapid growth of the photovoltaic (PV) market. Many PV modules are now commercially available, and there are a number of power electronic systems for processing the electrical power produced by PV systems, especially for grid-connected applications. Filling a gap in the literature, Power Electronics and Control Techniques for Maximum Energy Harvesting in Photovoltaic Systems brings together research on control circuits, systems, and techniques dedicated to the maximization of the electrical power produced by a photovoltaic (PV) source.

Tools to Help You Improve the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Systems

The book supplies an overview of recent improvements in connecting PV systems to the grid and highlights various solutions that can be used as a starting point for further research and development. It begins with a review of methods for modeling a PV array working in uniform and mismatched conditions. The book then discusses several ways to achieve the best maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance. A chapter focuses on MPPT efficiency, examining the design of the parameters that affect algorithm performance. The authors also address the maximization of the energy harvested in mismatched conditions, in terms of both power architecture and control algorithms, and discuss the distributed MPPT approach. The final chapter details the design of DC/DC converters, which usually perform the MPPT function, with special emphasis on their energy efficiency.

Get Insights from the Experts on How to Effectively Implement MPPT

Written by well-known researchers in the field of photovoltaic systems, this book tackles state-of-the-art issues related to how to extract the maximum electrical power from photovoltaic arrays under any weather condition. Featuring a wealth of examples and illustrations, it offers practical guidance for researchers and industry professionals who want to implement MPPT in photovoltaic systems.

Arvustused

" very innovative provides a very rigorous analytical treatment starting from the modeling of the PV field and the power converter stages as well as the dynamics of the overall system, including MPPT control. This in-depth analytical description allows the design of power converters and DMPPT algorithms improving the overall efficiency of the whole PV system operating under mismatching conditions." Dr. Francesc Guinjoan, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

" a concise but complete compendium of the required knowledge to understand, design, and control photovoltaic systems. a good introduction to photovoltaic systems also presents most of the recent advances on photovoltaic optimization the authors are very well known in the scientific community, which provides confidence on the equations and conclusions given in the book." Carlos Andres Ramos Paja, Universidad Nacional de Colombia " very innovative provides a very rigorous analytical treatment starting from the modeling of the PV field and the power converter stages as well as the dynamics of the overall system, including MPPT control. This in-depth analytical description allows the design of power converters and DMPPT algorithms improving the overall efficiency of the whole PV system operating under mismatching conditions."Dr. Francesc Guinjoan, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

" a concise but complete compendium of the required knowledge to understand, design, and control photovoltaic systems. a good introduction to photovoltaic systems also presents most of the recent advances on photovoltaic optimization the authors are very well known in the scientific community, which provides confidence on the equations and conclusions given in the book."Carlos Andres Ramos Paja, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Preface xi
About the Authors xiii
1 PV Modeling
1(34)
1.1 From the Photovoltaic Cell to the Field
1(2)
1.2 The Electrical Characteristic of a PV Module
3(4)
1.3 The Double-Diode and Single-Diode Models
7(5)
1.4 From Data Sheet Values to Model Parameters
12(8)
1.4.1 Parameters Identification Assuming Rp
13(2)
1.4.2 Parameters Identification Including Rp
15(1)
1.4.3 Parameters Identification Including Rp: Explicit Solution
16(1)
1.4.4 Other Approaches Proposed in Literature
17(3)
1.5 Example: PV Module Equivalent Circuit Parameters Calculation
20(2)
1.6 The Lambert W Function for Modeling a PV Field
22(7)
1.6.1 PV Generator Working in Uniform Conditions
22(3)
1.6.2 Modeling a Mismatched PV Generator
25(4)
1.7 Example
29(6)
References
32(3)
2 Maximum Power Point Tracking
35(54)
2.1 The Dynamic Optimization Problem
35(5)
2.2 Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage and Short-Circuit Current
40(1)
2.3 Soft Computing Methods
41(1)
2.4 The Perturb and Observe Approach
42(20)
2.4.1 Performance Optimization: Steady-State and Dynamic Conditions
45(6)
2.4.2 Rapidly Changing Irradiance Conditions
51(3)
2.4.3 P&O Design Example: A PV Battery Charger
54(8)
2.5 Improvements of the P&O Algorithm
62(6)
2.5.1 P&O with Adaptive Step Size
62(1)
2.5.2 P&O with Parabolic Approximation
63(5)
2.6 Evolution of the Perturbative Method
68(7)
2.6.1 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
68(2)
2.6.2 Extremum Seeking and Ripple Correlation Techniques
70(1)
2.6.3 The Incremental Conductance Method
71(4)
2.7 PV MPPT via Output Parameters
75(6)
2.7.1 The TEODI Approach
76(5)
2.8 MPPT Efficiency
81(8)
References
84(5)
3 MPPT Efficiency: Noise Sources and Methods for Reducing Their Effects
89(50)
3.1 Low-Frequency Disturbances in Single-Phase Applications
89(15)
3.1.1 The Perturb and Observe Approach Applied to Closed-Loop Switching Converters
95(4)
3.1.2 Example of P&O Design for a Closed-Loop Boost Converter
99(5)
3.2 Instability of the Current-Based MPPT Algorithms
104(4)
3.3 Sliding Mode in PV System
108(18)
3.3.1 Noise Rejection by Sliding Mode: Numerical Example
114(3)
3.3.2 MPPT Current Control by Sliding Mode
117(1)
3.3.2.1 Basic Configuration of Sliding Mode with Voltage Controller
117(5)
3.3.2.2 Voltage Controller Design
122(1)
3.3.3 Sliding Mode MPPT Controller: Numerical Example
123(3)
3.4 Analysis of the MPPT Performances in a Noisy Environment
126(13)
3.4.1 Noise Attenuation by Using Low-Pass Filters
129(2)
3.4.2 Error Compensation by Increasing the Step
Perturbation
131(3)
3.4.3 ADC Quantization Error in the P&O Algorithm: Numerical Example
134(2)
References
136(3)
4 Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Arrays
139(112)
4.1 Limitations of Standard MPPT
139(1)
4.2 A New Approach: Distributed MPPT
139(6)
4.2.1 DMPPT by Means of Microinverters
140(2)
4.2.2 DMPPT by Means of DC/DC Converters
142(3)
4.3 DC Analysis of a PV Array with DMPPT
145(32)
4.3.1 Feasible Operating Regions
145(2)
4.3.2 Examples of Feasible Operating Regions
147(5)
4.3.3 I-V and P-V Characteristics of Boost-Based SCPVMs
152(11)
4.3.4 I-V and P-V Characteristics of Buckboost-Based SCPVMs
163(14)
4.4 Optimal Operating Range of the DC Inverter Input Voltage
177(8)
4.5 AC Analysis of a PV Array with DMPPT
185(66)
4.5.1 AC Model of a Single SCPVM
196(12)
4.5.2 Small-Signal Model of a Photovoltaic Array with DMPPT
208(4)
4.5.3 Stability of a String of SCPVMs
212(32)
References
244(7)
5 Design of High-Energy-Efficiency Power Converters for PV MPPT Applications
251(60)
5.1 Introduction
251(1)
5.2 Power, Energy, Efficiency
252(6)
5.3 Energy Harvesting in PV Plant Using DMPPT Power Converters
258(10)
5.4 Losses in Power Converters
268(2)
5.5 Losses in the Synchronous FET Switching Cells
270(2)
5.6 Conduction Losses
272(4)
5.7 Switching Losses
276(35)
5.7.1 Turn ON
281(2)
5.7.2 Turn OFF
283(2)
5.7.3 Thermal Analysis
285(5)
5.7.4 Example
290(18)
References
308(3)
Index 311
Nicola Femia is a full professor of electrotechnics at the University of Salerno, where he teaches circuit theory and power electronics and leads the Power Electronics and Renewable Sources Laboratory. He has been responsible for research and education projects in collaboration with several industries, including Magnetek, National Semiconductor, STMicroelectronics, PowerOne, and Texas Instruments. He is co-author of more than 140 scientific papers published in international journals and in the proceedings of international conferences. He is co-author of five patents regarding control techniques and power converters for photovoltaic applications.

Giovanni Petrone is an assistant professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Salerno, where he teaches electrotechnics and power electronic circuits for renewable energy sources. He is involved in several research projects with international companies and institutions and has also assumed responsibility for some Italian research projects supported by public funds. He is co-author of five patents and several scientific papers published in international journals and in the proceedings of international symposia.

Giovanni Spagnuolo is an associate professor of electrical engineering at the University of Salerno. He is the project leader of two European projects Leonardo Da Vinci and FP7 and one PRIN 2008 project financed by the Italian Ministry of University and of Scientific and Technological Research (MURST), and he is the coordinator of research contracts financed by National Semiconductors Corporation, Matrix S.r.l., and Bitron Industrie S.p.A. He is co-author of six patents and the author or co-author of more than 140 papers published in international journals and in the proceedings of international conferences. He is editor of the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics and associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

Massimo Vitelli is a full professor in the Department of Industrial and Information Engineering at the Second University of Naples, where he teaches electrotechnics and power electronics. He has been engaged in a number of scientific national projects financed by the Italian Ministry of University and of Scientific and Technological Research (MURST) and by the National Science Foundation (CNR) and in many research contracts with industries. He is co-author of six national and international patents and of about 180 papers published in scientific journals or in international conference proceedings.
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