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E-raamat: Power of the Supreme People's Court: Reconceptualizing Judicial Power in Contemporary China

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This book explores the recent development of the Supreme People’s Court of China, the world’s largest highest court. Recognizing that its approach to exercising power in an authoritarian context has presented a challenge to the understanding of judicial power in both democratic and non-democratic legal settings, it captures the essence of the Court through its institutional design as well as functional practice. It argues that regardless of the deep-seated political and institutional constraints, the Court has demonstrated a highly pragmatic interest in fulfilling its primary functions and prudently expanding judicial power in the context of reform-era China. This notwithstanding, it also discusses how the Court’s incompetence and reluctance to challenge the bureaucratism and politicization suggests that the call for an impartial and authoritative judicial power will continue to be jeopardized while the Court operates in the shadow of Party authority and lacks meaningful checks and balances. Drawing on the experience of the Court, this book reflects on some deep-rooted misunderstandings of legal development in China, providing a source of inspiration for reconceptualizing the internal logic of a distinct category of judicial power.

List of tables
vii
List of figures
viii
List of acronyms
ix
Acknowledgements x
1 Introduction
1(13)
Widening the lens: the power of the highest courts beyond the West
1(4)
Examining judicial power through input and output factors
5(2)
Learning from the court's everyday operation
7(2)
Structure of the book
9(5)
2 The power of the court from an institutional perspective
14(32)
Introduction
14(1)
Organizational framework
15(1)
Court structure: from form to composition
15(3)
Court personnel: from composition to ranks
18(3)
A profile of the supreme court judges
21(1)
Recruitment
21(3)
Decision-making
24(1)
Career identity
25(4)
People's courts or Party's courts?
29(1)
The Party's impact on ideology and policy making
29(3)
The Party's impact on personnel matters
32(2)
The Party's impact on handling cases
34(4)
Concluding analysis
38(8)
3 The judicial practice of the court
46(37)
Introduction
46(1)
Is the court a court of last resort?
47(2)
Case types, distribution, and caseload
49(7)
The court's impact beyond individual cases
56(4)
Does the court interpret or establish law?
60(1)
Distinguishing features
60(6)
Do abstract interpretations lead to judicial activism or judicialization?
66(2)
Are guiding cases guidance or compulsory instructions?
68(1)
Distinguishing features
69(2)
Limited role and impact of guiding cases
71(2)
Concluding analysis
73(10)
4 The extrajudicial practice of the court
83(29)
Introduction
83(1)
Administrative functions of the court
84(1)
Requests for instructions
85(2)
Court performance management
87(4)
Adjudicatory supervision, administrative guidance, or centralized control?
91(1)
Political functions of the court
92(1)
The need to combat judicial corruption
92(5)
The need to redress litigation-related petitions
97(7)
Is the court a rational actor or tool of social control?
104(1)
Concluding analysis
105(7)
5 The power of the court: rethinking and reinterpretation
112(23)
Introduction
112(1)
Highest courts in a separation-of-powers context: comparative analysis
113(1)
Separation of powers: the Western perspective
113(5)
Separation of powers: experience beyond the West
118(5)
Separation of powers with Chinese characteristics
123(1)
Normative versus functional analysis
124(3)
Judicial independence versus judicial interdependence
127(2)
Political-centred versus legal-centred operation
129(2)
Rethinking separation of powers from the experience of the court
131(4)
Conclusion 135(8)
Appendix: Interview design for the Chinese Supreme Court judges 143(5)
References 148(13)
Index 161
Dr. Ding Qi is Senior Research Fellow at the Research Center for Legal Services of Xiamen University, China. Her research focuses on the recent development of the Chinese legal system and judicial reform, law and policy making, alternative dispute resolutions (ADR), and online dispute resolutions (ODR) from a comparative perspective. Dr. Ding Qi also works as a legal consultant to study, test, and design online platforms and digital legal products for a wide range of court and government users in China.