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E-raamat: Practical Bomb Scene Investigation

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(Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, USA)
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Now in its Third Edition, Practical Bomb Scene Investigation explores the investigative process that improvised explosive device (IED) specialists undertake at the scene of an explosion. Providing easy-to-understand, step-by-step procedures for managing and processing a bomb scene, it enables investigators to find the evidence and then make sense of what is found. The book is not only a roadmap on how to find and collect evidence and assess the scene, but also provides instruction on identifying the bombmaker's signature through latent print, DNA, explosive residue, metallurgical, and toolmark examination and forensic analysis.

Arvustused

"Tom Thurmans Practical Bomb Scene Investigation provides basic and practical knowledge, enhanced by case studies, his extensive personal experiences and lessons learned. The third edition is the most updated, detailed and relevant guide for post blast investigations." Chief Superintendent (ret.) Michael Cardash, Former Deputy Head of Israel National Police Bomb Disposal Division

"Practical Bomb Scene Investigation has become a standard in the field for a reason. James T. Thurman writes from the unique perspective of a practitioner who has worked some of the highest profile bombing cases in US history. He brings a unique voice which blends technical explanations applied through a pragmatic perspective. This text is a valuable reference for academics and responders alike." Dr. Kirk Yeager

"Professor Thurmans book is an essential guide for explosion investigators. It is comprehensive, detailed and a fabulous reference guide. No explosion scene investigator should be without it." Richard Hahn, FBI Retired, Crime Scene Manager at Oklahoma City Bombing

"Practical Bomb Scene Investigation, Second Edition is currently required reading for the IABTI Certified International Post Blast Investigators (CIPBI) Certification Program. This third edition will be a welcome addition. I am impressed with the attention to detail and increased references and this text is a must for bomb technicians and investigators. I highly recommend this book for anyone who is looking to expand their knowledge in the explosive field and post blast investigations." Jake Bohi CIPBI, Phoenix Police Department Bomb Squad (Retired), International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators Assistant International Director, Professional Certification Program Chairman

Series Editor Note xv
Foreword xvii
Acknowledgments xix
About the Author xxi
Introduction xxiii
Chapter 1 Explosion Theory and Dynamics 1(36)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Scientific Method
1(2)
1.3 Explosives
3(1)
1.4 Types of Explosives
4(8)
1.5 Classification and Sensitivity of Explosives
12(2)
1.6 Explosive Performance
14(1)
1.7 Firing Trains
15(1)
1.8 Additional Characteristics of Explosives
16(5)
1.9 Accountability of Explosives and Explosives Detection
21(1)
1.10 Explosions
22(12)
1.10.1 Types of Explosions
23(3)
1.10.2 Explosion Effects
26(8)
1.11 Explosion Scene Investigation
34(1)
1.12 Summary
34(1)
Review Questions
35(1)
References and Additional Reading
35(2)
Chapter 2 Identification and Recognition of Commercial, Improvised, and Military Explosives 37(82)
2.1 Introduction
37(1)
2.2 Short History of Explosives
38(2)
2.3 Low Explosives
40(8)
2.3.1 Black Powder
40(2)
2.3.2 Pyrodex
42(1)
2.3.3 Photoflash Powder
43(1)
2.3.4 Smokeless Powder
43(5)
2.4 Commercial High Explosives
48(13)
2.4.1 Primary Explosives
48(1)
2.4.1.1 Lead Azide
48(1)
2.4.1.2 Lead Styphnate
49(1)
2.4.1.3 Mercury Fulminate
49(1)
2.4.1.4 Diazodinitrophenol
49(1)
2.4.1.5 Tetrazene
49(1)
2.4.2 Secondary Explosives
49(12)
2.4.2.1 Ammonium Nitrate
49(3)
2.4.2.2 Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil (ANFO)
52(3)
2.4.2.3 Nitroglycerin (NG)
55(1)
2.4.2.4 Dynamite
56(5)
2.5 Water-Based Products
61(6)
2.5.1 Water Gel or Slurry Explosives
61(2)
2.5.2 Emulsion Explosives
63(14)
2.5.2.1 Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
66(1)
2.5.2.2 Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN)
66(1)
2.5.2.3 Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine (RDX)
66(1)
2.6 Boosters
67(3)
2.7 Binary Explosives
70(2)
2.8 Sheet Explosives
72(1)
2.9 Foreign Explosives
73(4)
2.10 U.S. Military Explosives
77(5)
2.10.1 Trinitrotoluene Charges (TNT)
78(2)
2.10.2 Composition 4 (C-4)
80(2)
2.10.3 Sheet Explosives
82(1)
2.10.4 Military Dynamite
82(1)
2.11 Improvised Explosives
82(9)
2.12 Initiation Systems and Components
91(25)
2.12.1 Initiators
91(29)
2.12.1.1 Safety and Hobby Fuse
92(1)
2.12.1.2 Fuse Lighter
93(1)
2.12.1.3 Detonating Cord
94(1)
2.12.1.4 Shock Tube
95(2)
2.12.1.5 Thermo Tube
97(1)
2.12.1.6 Detonator
98(18)
2.13 Summary
116(1)
Review Questions
116(1)
References and Additional Reading
117(2)
Chapter 3 Improvised Explosive Device Components: Pre- and Postblast Identification 119(122)
3.1 Introduction
119(1)
3.2 Improvised Explosive Devices
120(31)
3.2.1 Factors Affecting Improvised Explosive Device Construction
120(1)
3.2.2 Basic Components of the Improvised Explosive Device
121(1)
3.2.3 Primary Effect Provided by Type of Improvised Explosive Device
122(3)
3.2.4 Appearance of an Improvised Explosive Device
125(2)
3.2.5 Components of an Improvised Explosive Device
127(24)
3.2.5.1 Initiators
128(1)
3.2.5.2 Containers
129(8)
3.2.5.3 Electrical Components
137(8)
3.2.5.4 Timing Mechanisms
145(4)
3.2.5.5 Shrapnel
149(1)
3.2.5.6 Adhesives
149(1)
3.2.5.7 Tape
149(1)
3.2.5.8 Wood
150(1)
3.2.5.9 Paper
150(1)
3.2.5.10 Fasteners
150(1)
3.2.5.11 Nonelectrical Wire
150(1)
3.3 Fuzing Systems
151(23)
3.3.1 Fuzing Systems Methods of Operation
152(22)
3.3.1.1 Time-Delay Fuzing Systems
152(4)
3.3.1.2 Victim Operated Fuzing Systems
156(9)
3.3.1.3 Command Fuzing Systems
165(9)
3.4 IED Component Assessment
174(62)
3.4.1 High or Low Explosives
183(4)
3.4.2 Initiators
187(11)
3.4.2.1 Burning Fuse
188(1)
3.4.2.2 Nonelectric Initiators
189(2)
3.4.2.3 Electric Initiators
191(7)
3.4.3 Containers
198(10)
3.4.4 Other Components/Enhancements
208(1)
3.4.5 Shrapnel and/or Fragmentation
209(1)
3.4.6 Fuzing System
209(33)
3.4.6.1 Mechanical Fuzing System
210(2)
3.4.6.2 Electrical/Electrical-Mechanical Fuzing System
212(24)
3.4.6.3 Chemical/Chemical-Mechanical Fuzing System
236(1)
3.5 Investigative Process
236(3)
3.6 Summary
239(1)
Review Questions
240(1)
References and Additional Reading
240(1)
Chapter 4 Investigation of the Explosion Scene and Collection of Evidence 241(92)
4.1 Introduction
241(1)
4.2 Investigative Outline
242(88)
4.2.1 Initial Response
243(8)
4.2.2 Evaluation of the Explosion Scene
251(14)
4.2.2.1 Evaluation and Establishment of Scene Perimeters, Inner and Outer, and Scene Security
251(1)
4.2.2.2 Establishment of a Command Post Location for the Crime Scene Investigation Team
252(1)
4.2.2.3 Establishment of Documentation Procedures to Account for Personnel Entering and Exiting the Scene
252(1)
4.2.2.4 Establishment of Entry and Exit Paths for Crime Scene Investigation Team Members
253(1)
4.2.2.5 Establishment of Staging Areas for Team Members
253(1)
4.2.2.6 Safety (to the Extent Possible) for Entry by the Investigation Team
253(1)
4.2.2.7 Level of Investigative Assistance and Resources Required
254(1)
4.2.2.8 Whether a Search Warrant or Permission to Search Is Required
254(1)
4.2.2.9 What Documentation Procedures Will Be Utilized for Evidence Collection, Control, and Chain of Custody
254(1)
4.2.2.10 What Procedures Will Be Utilized to Prevent Scene Contamination
254(1)
4.2.2.11 Scene Walk-Through
255(1)
4.2.2.12 Attempt to Locate the Epicenter of the Explosion
256(7)
4.2.2.13 Personnel, Supplies, and Equipment Resources
263(2)
4.2.3 Entering the Scene (Scene Investigation)
265(3)
4.2.3.1 Entering the Scene
267(1)
4.2.4 Documentation of the Explosion Scene
268(22)
4.2.5 Where to Find Evidence at the Bomb Scene
290(3)
4.2.6 How to Find Evidence at the Bomb Scene
293(11)
4.2.7 How to Collect Evidence at the Bomb Scene
304(10)
4.2.7.1 Special Situations for Evidence Collection
313(1)
4.2.8 Final Survey
314(1)
4.2.9 Release of the Scene
315(3)
4.2.9.1 Submission of Evidence to the Laboratory
316(2)
4.2.10 Field (or Outside) Investigation
318(18)
4.2.10.1 Where to Start the Field Investigation
319(3)
4.2.10.2 Determining the Explosives Weight of the Improvised Explosive Device
322(5)
4.2.10.3 Postinvestigation: The Investigative Report
327(3)
4.3 Summary
330(1)
Review Questions
330(1)
References and Additional Reading
331(2)
Chapter 5 Bomb Scene Investigator and Weapons of Mass Destruction 333(40)
5.1 Introduction
333(1)
5.2 Types of Weapons of Mass Destruction
334(2)
5.3 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Materials
336(18)
5.3.1 Nuclear Materials
336(5)
5.3.2 Biological Materials
341(7)
5.3.2.1 Classifications of Biological Microorganisms
342(6)
5.3.3 Chemical Agents
348(3)
5.3.4 Types of Blister Agents
351(1)
5.3.5 Choking Agents
352(1)
5.3.6 Blood Agents
353(1)
5.3.7 Incapacitating Agents
353(1)
5.4 Weapons of Mass Destruction Hazards
354(1)
5.5 Determining the Presence of Weapons of Mass Destruction
354(8)
5.5.1 Indicators of WMD Presence
354(8)
5.6 Weapons of Mass Destruction Protection Methods
362(3)
5.7 Key Issues for Investigating a Weapon of Mass Destruction Scene
365(4)
5.7.1 Preincident Planning
365(1)
5.7.2 Determining Whether WMD Were Used
366(1)
5.7.3 Assessing Scene Control and Security
366(1)
5.7.4 Ensuring That Appropriate Protection Methods Are Employed
367(1)
5.7.5 Addressing Immediate Life Safety Hazards
367(1)
5.7.6 Contacting Appropriate Outside Agencies for Assistance
367(2)
5.7.7 Identifying and Preserving Evidence
369(1)
5.8 Summary
369(1)
Review Questions
370(1)
References and Additional Reading
370(3)
Chapter 6 Introduction to the Identification of Military Ordnance 373(34)
6.1 Introduction
373(2)
6.2 Definitions
375(1)
6.3 Physical Characteristics of Military Ordnance
376(3)
6.4 Identification Features of Military Ordnance
379(26)
6.4.1 Dropped Ordnance
379(5)
6.4.2 Projected Ordnance
384(11)
6.4.3 Thrown Ordnance
395(7)
6.4.4 Placed Ordnance
402(3)
6.5 Summary
405(1)
Review Questions
405(1)
References and Additional Reading
405(2)
Chapter 7 Capabilities of the Forensic Laboratory: Reading the Bomber's Signature 407(18)
7.1 Introduction
407(5)
7.2 Laboratory Capabilities in the Examination of Improvised Explosive Devices
412(7)
7.2.1 Device Reconstruction
412(2)
7.2.2 Explosive Residue Analysis
414(1)
7.2.3 Latent Fingerprint Examinations
414(1)
7.2.4 Materials Analysis
415(1)
7.2.5 Document Examinations
415(1)
7.2.6 Toolmark Examinations
416(1)
7.2.7 Metallurgical Examinations
417(1)
7.2.8 DNA Analysis
418(1)
7.3 Reading the Bomber's Signature
419(3)
7.3.1 Introduction
419(3)
7.4 Summary
422(1)
Review Questions
422(1)
References and Additional Reading
423(2)
Chapter 8 Tactical Postblast Investigation 425(26)
8.1 Introduction
425(1)
8.2 Tactical Scene Investigative Outline
426(1)
8.3 Organization of the Investigative Team: Personnel and Equipment
426(2)
8.4 Route Security and Access to the Scene
428(1)
8.5 Scene Assessment
429(5)
8.6 Scene Investigation: Documentation, Collection of Evidence, and Witness Interviews
434(16)
8.7 Final Survey
450(1)
8.8 Return to the Secure Zone
450(1)
8.9 Summary
450(1)
Review Questions
450(1)
References and Additional Reading
450(1)
Appendix A: Chart of Explosive Products 451(10)
Appendix B: U.S. and Foreign Names of Explosives, Part I and Part II 461(10)
Appendix C: Access-Control Log 471(2)
Appendix D: Guidelines for the Prevention of Contamination of Explosives Evidence 473(2)
Appendix E: Personnel Resources for the Bomb Scene Investigation 475(2)
Appendix F: Supplies and Equipment for the Bomb Scene Investigation 477(2)
Appendix G: Administrative Worksheet 479(4)
Appendix H: Narrative Description 483(2)
Appendix I: Evidence-Recovery Log 485(2)
Appendix J: Latent Print Lift Log 487(2)
Appendix K: Photographic Log 489(2)
Appendix L: Diagram/Sketch 491(2)
Appendix M: Explosive Residue Swabbing Instructions (Courtesy of the Explosives Unit, FBI Laboratory) 493(2)
Appendix N: Standard Military Ordnance Color Coding System 495(2)
Appendix 0: Bomb Threat Stand-Off Distances 497(2)
Appendix P: Table of Bioterrorism Agent Properties 499(4)
Appendix Q: Table of Chemical Agent Properties 503(2)
Glossary 505(14)
Index 519
James T. Thurman has worked in the explosives field for more than 30 years, first as a U.S. Army bomb disposal technician and then as a special agent with the FBI. He continues to lecture and provide training on the methods of bomb scene investigation and explosives avoidance to domestic and international training schools and audiences. He is currently a professor at the Eastern Kentucky University, teaching a unique academic program on fire, arson, and explosion investigation. He holds a BA from Eastern Kentucky University and an MS Degree in Forensic Science from the George Washington University.
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