About the authors |
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xix | |
Foreword for the 2nd edition--John Halamka |
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xxiii | |
Foreword for the 1st edition |
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xxv | |
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Foreword for the 1st edition |
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xxvii | |
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Foreword for the 1st edition |
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xxix | |
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Preface and overview for the 2nd edition |
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xxxi | |
Preface to the 1st edition |
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xxxiii | |
Acknowledgment |
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xxxv | |
Guest Chapter Author's Listing |
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xxxvii | |
Endorsements and reviewer Blurbs--from the 1st edition |
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xxxix | |
Instructions for using software for the tutorials--how to download from web pages -- for the 2nd edition |
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xli | |
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Part I Historical perspective and the issues of concern for health care delivery in the 21st century |
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1 What we want to accomplish with this second edition of our first "Big Green Book" |
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5 | (10) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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First reasons for our writing this book |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Descriptive statistics, data organization, and example |
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7 | (2) |
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Randomized controlled trials |
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9 | (1) |
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Basic predictive analytics and example |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Research standards common to both traditional and predictive analytics |
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11 | (1) |
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Pandemic as related to research standards and accurate data |
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11 | (2) |
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Especially for the second edition |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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2 History of predictive analytics in medicine and healthcare |
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15 | (20) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Part I Development of bodies of medical knowledge |
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16 | (1) |
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Earliest medical records in ancient cultures |
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17 | (1) |
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Classification of medical practice among ancient and modern cultures |
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17 | (1) |
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Medical practice documents in major world cultures of Europe and the Middle East |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Summary of royal medical documentation in ancient cultures |
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25 | (1) |
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Effects of the middle ages on medical documentation |
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25 | (1) |
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Rebirth of Interest in medical documentation during the renaissance |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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The Protestant Reformation |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) |
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27 | (1) |
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William Harvey (1578-1657) |
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28 | (1) |
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Medical documentation after the enlightenment |
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28 | (1) |
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Medical case documentation |
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28 | (1) |
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The development of the National Library of Medicine |
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28 | (1) |
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Part II Analytical decision systems in medicine and healthcare |
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29 | (1) |
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Computers and medical databases |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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National Library of Medicine list of online medical databases |
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30 | (1) |
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Other medical research databases |
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30 | (1) |
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Bills of Mortality in London, United Kingdom |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Guidelines of the American Academy of Neurology |
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31 | (1) |
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Medical records move into the digital world |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (22) |
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35 | (1) |
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The rise of predictive analytics in healthcare |
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35 | (1) |
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Moving from reactive to proactive response in healthcare |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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An approach to predictive analytics projects |
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37 | (1) |
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The predictive analytics process in healthcare |
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38 | (1) |
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Process steps in Fig. 3.1 |
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38 | (4) |
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Translational bioinformatics |
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42 | (1) |
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Clinical decision support systems |
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42 | (1) |
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Hybrid clinical decision support systems |
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43 | (1) |
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Consumer health informatics |
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44 | (1) |
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Patient-focused informatics |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Direct-to-consumer genetic testing |
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45 | (1) |
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Use of predictive analytics to avoid an undesirable future |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Who uses the Internet? Nearly everybody |
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46 | (1) |
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Patient monitoring systems |
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46 | (1) |
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Applications for predictive analytics in intensive care unit patient monitoring systems |
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47 | (1) |
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Challenges of medical devices in the intensive care unit |
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47 | (1) |
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Public health informatics |
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48 | (1) |
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The major problem: lack of resources |
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48 | (1) |
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Social networks and the "Pulse" of public health |
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48 | (1) |
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Predictive analytics and prevention and disease and injury |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Clinical research informatics |
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50 | (1) |
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Intelligent search engines |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Data privacy and security |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (3) |
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4 Data and process models in medical informatics |
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57 | (8) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Systems for classification of diseases and mortality |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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The OMOP common data model |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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The OMOP CDM provides a common data format |
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60 | (1) |
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OMOP CDM architecture is patient-centric |
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60 | (1) |
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Additional data processing operations necessary to serve the analysis of OMOP data |
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61 | (1) |
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The CRISP-DM processing model |
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62 | (1) |
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How this chapter facilitates patient-centric healthcare |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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5 Access to data for analytics--the "Biggest Issue" in medical and healthcare predictive analytics |
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65 | (8) |
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65 | (1) |
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Size of data in our world: estimated digital universe now and in the future |
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65 | (1) |
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Convergence of healthcare and modern technologies |
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66 | (1) |
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Reasons why healthcare data is difficult to get and difficult to measure |
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67 | (1) |
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Multiple places where medical data are found |
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68 | (1) |
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Many different formats of medical data: structured and unstructured |
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68 | (1) |
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Another problem is inconsistent definitions |
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68 | (1) |
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Changing government regulatory requirements keep changing what data is taken and kept |
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69 | (1) |
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What are some of the benefits of using good data analytics in medical research and healthcare delivery? |
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69 | (1) |
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Conclusion of 5: the importance of health care data analytics |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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6 Precision (personalized) medicine |
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73 | (32) |
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73 | (1) |
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What is personalized/precision medicine? |
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74 | (1) |
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Personalized medicine versus precision medicine |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Precision medicine, genomics, and pharmacogenomics |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Differences go beyond our body and into our environment |
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76 | (1) |
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Changes from birth to death |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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It is not about just our genome |
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78 | (1) |
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Changing the definition of diseases |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Efficacy of current methods--why we need personalized medicine |
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80 | (1) |
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Predictive analytics in personalized medicine |
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80 | (1) |
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The future: predictive and prescriptive medicine |
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80 | (1) |
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Application of predictive analytics and decisioning in predictive and prescriptive medicine |
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81 | (1) |
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The diversity of available healthcare data |
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82 | (1) |
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Diversity of data types available |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Real-time physiological data |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Socioeconomic status data |
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93 | (1) |
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Personal activity monitoring data |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (3) |
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7 Patient-directed healthcare |
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105 | (54) |
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106 | (1) |
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Empowerment in patient-directed medicine |
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106 | (1) |
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Self-monitoring, N of 1 study |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Patients changing how medicine is practiced |
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108 | (1) |
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Patient empowerment versus compliance |
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|
109 | |
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Collaboration between patients and the medical community |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Patient involvement in medical education |
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110 | (1) |
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Limitations of patient involvement |
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110 | (1) |
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Evidence supporting patient involvement |
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111 | (2) |
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Family-wise statistical errors |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Communication and trust during the pandemic |
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113 | (1) |
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Collaboration and limitations |
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114 | (1) |
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How patient-directed medicine works using predictive analytics |
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114 | (1) |
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Privacy concerns can hinder research |
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|
114 | |
|
Predictive analytics for patient-directed research |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Coordination of care and communication for patient-directed healthcare |
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116 | (1) |
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Communication skills in the medical setting |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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Barriers to productive communication |
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119 | (2) |
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Patients selecting their best models of care |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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The integrated healthcare delivery system model |
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121 | (1) |
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Comparison with accountable care organization |
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122 | (1) |
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Direct pay/direct care model |
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122 | (1) |
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Consumerism and advertising in patient-directed healthcare |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Research studies related to advertising and consumerism |
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124 | (1) |
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Privacy of prescription data. Is it private? |
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124 | (1) |
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Patients diagnosing themselves amid targeted advertising |
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125 | (1) |
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Patients making use of technology and advertising for good or for bad |
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126 | (1) |
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Patient payment models and effects on self-directed healthcare |
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127 | (1) |
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Burden of healthcare--predicting the future |
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128 | (1) |
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Predicting life and death |
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128 | (1) |
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Misapplication of treatment increases costs |
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129 | (1) |
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Models of insurance--predicting the best for individuals |
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129 | (2) |
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Research assisting patients in self-education and decisions |
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131 | (1) |
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Patient self-responsibility: highlight on obesity |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | |
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Distribution of obesity in the United States--costs and related diseases |
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133 | (1) |
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Cascading effects on sleep of obesity |
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134 | (1) |
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Obesity, cholesterol, statins, and patient-directed healthcare |
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135 | (1) |
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The need for N of 1 studies |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Data scientists could make a fortune--development of apps and artificial intelligence for phones and PC application |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Alternatives and new models |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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An alternative to traditional insurance |
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142 | (1) |
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Doctors striking out on their own |
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142 | (1) |
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Alternative ways of knowing about ourselves--genomic predictions |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Predictive analytics for patient decision-making |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Controlling some diseases by searching research on one's own |
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145 | (1) |
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Portals, evidence medicine, and gold standards in predictive analytics |
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146 | (1) |
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Patientsite at Beth Israel |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (9) |
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8 Regulatory measures--agencies, and data issues in medicine and healthcare |
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159 | (12) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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What is an electronic medical records? |
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160 | (4) |
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Five of the best open source electronic medical records systems for medical practices |
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161 | |
|
Rise of the international classification of disease |
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162 | |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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Lean concepts for healthcare: the lean hospital as a methodology of Six Sigma |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Henry Ford Hospitals and Virginia Mason Hospital |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
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9 Predictive analytics with multiomics data |
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171 | (14) |
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171 | (1) |
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Introduction to multiomics |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Multiomics systems biology |
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173 | (1) |
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Basic analytics operations in multiomics |
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174 | (1) |
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Multiomics data integration |
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174 | (1) |
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Multiomics data preparation |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Unrepresentative negatives |
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175 | (1) |
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Imbalance of data sets with rare target variables |
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175 | (1) |
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Data preparation issues specific to particular omics data sets |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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Statistical analysis methods |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Data preprocessing tools in multiomics |
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179 | (1) |
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Multiomics analytical methods |
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179 | (1) |
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Open source tools for multiomics analytics |
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179 | (1) |
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Machine learning tools in multiomics analytics |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Prediction of pancreatic and lung cancer from metabolomics data |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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10 Artificial intelligence and genomics |
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185 | (14) |
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185 | (1) |
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How do we enable the clinical application of artificial intelligence in genomics? |
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185 | (1) |
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Genomics fast moving field--and now ready for artificial intelligence to have an impact |
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185 | (1) |
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Need to open existing large datasets to more researchers |
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186 | (1) |
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Successful artificial intelligence models will be ones that use smaller and manageable portions of the human genome |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Artificial intelligence models cannot replace but must augment physicians diagnosis and treatment decisions |
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186 | (1) |
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Governance--balance between rapid approval of models and ensuring no human harm |
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187 | (1) |
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EHR and integration of artificial intelligence into clinical workflows |
|
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187 | (1) |
|
What would an artificial intelligence and genomics integration look like? |
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187 | (1) |
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Real-world examples of artificial intelligence and genomics modeling systems emerging in 2022 |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (9) |
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Part II Practical step-by-step tutorials and case studies |
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Part III Practical application examples |
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11 Glaucoma (eye disease): a real case study; with suggested predictive analytic modeling for identifying an individual patient's best diagnosis and best treatment |
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199 | (58) |
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200 | (1) |
|
Why this chapter in this book? |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
How serious is glaucoma? Why do we need to watch for it? |
|
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200 | (1) |
|
What is a normal eye pressure? |
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200 | (1) |
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Characteristics of glaucoma disease |
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200 | (1) |
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Risk factors and treatment |
|
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201 | (1) |
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Basic anatomy of the eye and relation of physical structure to glaucoma disease |
|
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
|
What is the normal pressure (IOP) in the eye? |
|
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202 | (1) |
|
What causes a rise in intraocular pressure above the norm of 10--21? |
|
|
202 | (2) |
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Pathophysiology of glaucoma |
|
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Illustrations/photo of eye |
|
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205 | (1) |
|
"Minimally invasive" surgeries can be invasive |
|
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205 | (1) |
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Invasive surgical treatments |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
What does the XEN-gel stint look like? What is its size? |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Ahmed valve shunt. What does the Ahmed valve shunt look like? |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Long-term results of using Ahmed valve shunts for glaucoma |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
Fluid flow in the two main types of glaucoma |
|
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
|
Photography of eye--looking at fundus in the diagnosis of glaucoma |
|
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209 | (1) |
|
Case study: my (Gary's) glaucoma progression (from about 2010 to 2022) |
|
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209 | (4) |
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Self-monitoring intraocular pressure by the patient for more accurate DX and treatment decisions |
|
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213 | (1) |
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I-CARE home device for patient home monitoring of intraocular pressure values |
|
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213 | (4) |
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217 | (1) |
|
My invasive surgery--2021 --XEN-gel shunt and later Ahmed valve shunt |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
Increased night-time urination frequency was an unpleasant side-effect of my using steroid eyedrops |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Is increase in "urination frequency" a common side effect of use of "steroids in eye drops"? |
|
|
219 | (7) |
|
Suggested absorbsion pathway of Loetmax SM; Helping to determine best treatment |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Predictive analytic modeling possibilities |
|
|
227 | (7) |
|
Even visual field tests can now be automated with artificial intelligence--machine learning methods |
|
|
234 | (4) |
|
Using STATISTICA statistical and predictive analytic software to visualize patient Gary's IOP data |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
DOSE OF "Generic-COSOPT" (= Dorzolamide-Timolol)--is three times a day OK? |
|
|
239 | (6) |
|
Future possible treatments for glaucoma |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
FINAL IOP levels for Gary upon finding "optimum mix of steroid and IOP eye drops" |
|
|
246 | (5) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (2) |
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12 Using data science algorithms in predicting ICU patient urine output in response to diuretics to aid clinicians and healthcare workers in clinical decision-making |
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257 | (68) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Outputs and conclusion from a literature review |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (3) |
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261 | (3) |
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Algorithm outputs and decisions |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (19) |
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283 | (20) |
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303 | (10) |
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313 | (7) |
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Further research not published here--a champion emerges |
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320 | (1) |
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The conclusions on our champion algorithm |
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320 | (1) |
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Examples to illustrate model performance for actual patients |
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321 | (1) |
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Conclusions and further recommendations |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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13 Prediction tool development: creation and adoption of robust predictive model metrics at the bedside for greatly benefiting the patient, like preterm infants at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, using Shiny-R |
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325 | (14) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Exploratory data analysis for health data |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (1) |
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Obtaining and processing data |
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328 | (1) |
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Using R Shiny for efficient data input and visualization |
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329 | (1) |
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After obtaining the finalized clean data |
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329 | (2) |
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Code examples and tutorial |
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331 | (1) |
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Data cleaning and TidyR examples |
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331 | (1) |
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Initializing an R Shiny web app |
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332 | (2) |
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Loading and saving onto a SQL database |
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334 | (1) |
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Showing and interacting with data |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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Versions of software and packages |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (2) |
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14 Modeling precancerous colon polyps with OMOP data |
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339 | (16) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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The University of California, Irvine Colonoscopy Quality Database |
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340 | (1) |
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The UCI Colon Polyp Project |
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341 | (1) |
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Previous colon cancer risk screening and predictive modeling programs |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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Major tasks of data preparation of OMOP data for modeling |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Target variable definition |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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Data quality assessment and resolution |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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Aggregation to the patient level |
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345 | (1) |
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Unique code determination |
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345 | (1) |
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Text mining frequency analysis |
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346 | (1) |
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Manual variable derivation |
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346 | (1) |
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Derivation of one-hot (binary) variables |
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347 | (1) |
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Feature selection process |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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Methods of feature selection |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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Unrepresentative negatives |
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348 | (1) |
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Positive unlabeled learning |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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Receiver operator characteristic curve |
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351 | (1) |
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Other important aspects of the trained model |
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351 | (1) |
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Important predictor variables |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
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Automation of data preparation for medical informatics? |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | |
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How this chapter facilitates patient-centric medical health care |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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15 Prediction of pancreatic and lung cancer from metabolomics data |
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355 | (6) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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Cancer deaths in the United States |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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Specific models for lung cancer and pancreatic cancer |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | |
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Implications of this case study for future medical diagnosis |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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How this chapter facilitates patient-centric healthcare |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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16 Covid-19 descriptive analytics visualization of pandemic and hospitalization data |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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3 KNIME workflow data streams |
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361 | (14) |
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Preparatory steps for using this tutorial |
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362 | (2) |
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General introduction to KNIME |
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364 | (1) |
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Data access--the file reader node |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (3) |
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Visualization data stream |
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368 | (4) |
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Using the workflow for another country |
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372 | (1) |
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How this chapter facilitates patient-centric healthcare |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (2) |
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17 Disseminated intravascular coagulation predictive analytics with pediatric ICU admissions |
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375 | (20) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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Background (from first edition) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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Data mining recipes using statistica |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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Using the 11, 459 imputed file--training data |
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381 | (3) |
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Training data (11, 569 imputed) continued |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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Randomly separating the data and new data mining recipe |
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385 | (2) |
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Final analysis--a return to the past |
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387 | (1) |
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Conclusion --personal ending thoughts |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (7) |
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Part IV Advanced topics in administration and delivery of health care including practical predictive analytics for medicine in the future |
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18 Challenges for healthcare administration and delivery: integrating predictive and prescriptive modeling into personalized-precision healthcare |
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395 | (6) |
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395 | (1) |
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Introduction to challenges in healthcare delivery |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (2) |
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19 Challenges of medical research in incorporating modern data analytics in studies |
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401 | (4) |
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401 | (1) |
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Introduction --challenges to medical researchers |
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401 | (1) |
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Trends that we might want to know about |
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402 | (1) |
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Automation and machine learning (AutoML) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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Conversational artificial intelligence |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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20 The nature of insight from data and implications for automated decisioning: predictive and prescriptive models, decisions, and actions |
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405 | (12) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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The purpose of this chapter |
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406 | (1) |
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The nature of insight and expertise |
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406 | (1) |
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Procedural and declarative knowledge |
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406 | (1) |
|
Nonconscious acquisition of knowledge |
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407 | (1) |
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Conclusion: expertise and the application of pattern recognition methods |
|
|
407 | (1) |
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Statistical analysis versus pattern recognition |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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Pattern recognition: data are the model |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (2) |
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Pattern recognition in artificial intelligence/machine learning: general approximators |
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410 | (1) |
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Pattern recognition and declarative knowledge: interpretability of results |
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|
410 | (1) |
|
Explainability of artificial intelligence/machine learning models |
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410 | (1) |
|
Global and local explainability |
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410 | (1) |
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Statistical models, and reason scores for linear models |
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|
411 | (1) |
|
What-if, and reason scores as derivatives |
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412 | (1) |
|
Explainability of nonlinear models, artificial intelligence/machine learning models |
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412 | (1) |
|
Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations |
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412 | (1) |
|
Shapley additive explanations |
|
|
412 | (1) |
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Comparing local interpretable model-agnostic explanations and Shapley additive explanations |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Caution: inverse predictions can be very risky |
|
|
413 | (1) |
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|
413 | (1) |
|
Correlation is not necessarily causation |
|
|
413 | (1) |
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Lack of evidence at the specific point in the input space |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Optimization of inputs to achieve a desired output |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (2) |
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21 Model management and ModelOps: managing an artificial intelligence-driven enterprise |
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|
417 | (16) |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
|
The model building/authoring life cycle |
|
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418 | (1) |
|
Overview: managing the life cycles for thousands of models |
|
|
419 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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Managing the risks of analytics, artificial intelligence |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
|
ModelOps details: managing model pipelines and reusable steps |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
The tools and languages of artificial intelligence/machine learning |
|
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422 | (1) |
|
Reusable steps, building intellectual property |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Managing model life cycles |
|
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424 | (1) |
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|
425 | (2) |
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427 | (1) |
|
Efficiency, agility, elasticity, and technology |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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Managing models for data-at-rest and data-in-motion |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (2) |
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22 The forecasts for advances in predictive and prescriptive analytics and related technologies for the year 2022 and beyond |
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433 | (10) |
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|
433 | (1) |
|
Section I Specific technological trends predicted for 2022-2023+ |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
What is predictive analytics, and what are the most frequently used methods (or algorithms) in predictive analytics? |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
What is prescriptive analytics, and what is an example of prescriptive analytics? |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Part I healthcare: what trends can we expect in the year 2022 and beyond? |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
What do these three things mean? |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Part 2 In general: PA and business intelligence trends for 2022 |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
TOP 10 analytics and business intelligence trends for 2022 |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Key artificial intelligence and data analytics trends for 2022 and beyond |
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
Section II Overriding philosophies which will guide trends over the next 10 years |
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|
439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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440 | (3) |
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23 Sampling and data analysis: variability in data may be a better predictor than exact data points with many kinds of Medical situations |
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|
443 | (14) |
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|
443 | (1) |
|
Sampling and data analysis issues |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Purpose summary of this chapter |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
One issue--electronic health record and specific measures taken on patients |
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|
444 | (1) |
|
Pulse oximetry data measurements, as an example |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (1) |
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Conclusion on Pulse Oximetry Example |
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|
450 | (1) |
|
Eye-intraocular pressure measurements: a personal example by one of the authors to illustrate the problem of when and how data is collected |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Example of comparison of Goldman with i-CARE HOME intraocular pressure readings |
|
|
451 | (1) |
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|
451 | (2) |
|
Types of data analysis that may be helpful in solving the types of issues presented in this Chapter 452 Reliability of inputs determines the validity of models |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
However, it gets more complicated |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
But then, it gets even more complicated |
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|
453 | (1) |
|
Clinical Dx and treatment needed changes for true patient-centered care |
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454 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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24 Analytics architectures for the 21st century |
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457 | (16) |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (1) |
|
Organizational design for success |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Some say it starts with data, it doesn't |
|
|
458 | (1) |
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|
458 | (1) |
|
Framework for trustworthy and ethical AI and analytics |
|
|
459 | (1) |
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|
459 | (1) |
|
Why is data so important? |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
The potential of data is insight and action |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Data and analytics literacy are requirements to successful programs |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Brief considerations in data architecture |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Processes, systems, and data |
|
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461 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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Connecting and moving data--data in motion |
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462 | (1) |
|
Application programming interfaces and management |
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|
462 | (1) |
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|
463 | (1) |
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463 | (1) |
|
Data stores and limitations of the enterprise data warehouses |
|
|
463 | (5) |
|
Analytics design for success |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Technology to create analytics |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
Technology to communicate and act upon analytics |
|
|
471 | (1) |
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|
471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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|
472 | (1) |
|
25 Predictive models versus prescriptive models; causal inference and Bayesian networks |
|
|
473 | (14) |
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|
473 | (1) |
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|
473 | (1) |
|
Classification of AI and ML models in medicine |
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|
474 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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|
475 | (1) |
|
Causation--the most misunderstood concept in data science today |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Some basic assumptions for predictive modeling |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Some basic assumptions for prescriptive modeling |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Using a predictive model for prescription purposes |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Some important notes on observational studies |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Causal inference and why it is important |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Bridging the causal models to statistical models--causal inference |
|
|
480 | (1) |
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|
480 | (1) |
|
Causal inference and the do-calculus |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
A summary example of causal modeling |
|
|
482 | (2) |
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|
484 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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|
485 | (1) |
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|
485 | (2) |
|
26 The future: 21st century healthcare and wellness in the digital age |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Background and need for change |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Comparative effectiveness research and heterogeneous treatment effect research |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
New technology and 21st century healthcare: health startup firms |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
We wrote this back in 2014 for the first edition of this book 490 Well did this all happen as predicted? Not quite |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
Listing of other e-items in this "outside of healthcare facilities" category but within at least the partial control of patients |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Examples of wearable devices that are working for people today |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Atrial fibrillation wearable watch sensors |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Eye pressure (IOP) home measurement devices |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Nonautomatic vital health signal measuring devices |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Oxygen level home monitors |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Trends and expectations for the future of health IT and analytics |
|
|
495 | (6) |
|
Bottom-Up "small-sized" but working individually controlled data gathering and instant analytics output systems |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Where will the next innovations in medicine come from? |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
N-of-1 studies--the future for person-centered healthcare |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Styles of thinking--how brain laterality affects innovation in healthcare |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
Final concluding statements |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
How much should we listen to algorithms?--Should machines make the decisions? |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Genomics and AI will start exploding in 2022 and subsequent years, and thus we need to be prepared |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Patient-centered (precision) health for the future |
|
|
505 | (1) |
Postscript |
|
505 | (1) |
References |
|
506 | (2) |
Further reading |
|
508 | (3) |
Appendix A: Modeling new COVID-19 deaths |
|
511 | (8) |
Index |
|
519 | |