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E-raamat: Practical Guide to Environmental Biotechnology

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Practical Guide to Environmental BiotechnologySuurem pilt
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This textbook provides practical guidelines on conducting experiments across the entire spectrum of environmental biotechnology. It opens with general information on laboratory safety, rules and regulations, as well as a description of various equipment commonly used in environmental laboratories. It then discusses in detail the major experiments in basic and advanced environmental studies, including the analysis of water and soil samples; the isolation, culture, and biochemical characterization of microbes; and plant tissue culture techniques and nutrient analyses. Each chapter features detailed method sections and easy-to-follow protocols, and offers guidance on calculations and formulas, as well as illustrative flow charts to assist with troubleshooting for each experiment. Given its scope, the book is an invaluable aid for laboratory researchers studying environmental biotechnology, and a rich source of information and advice for advanced undergraduates and graduates in the fields of environmental science and biotechnology.

1 General Guidelines of Laboratory Safety, Calculations Used in Laboratory Experiments, and Basic Laboratory Glassware and Instruments
1(36)
1.1 General Guidelines of Laboratory Safety
2(1)
1.2 Fire Safety in a Laboratory
3(2)
1.3 Gas Safety in a Laboratory
5(4)
1.4 Safety Signs in Biotechnology Laboratory
9(2)
1.5 General Calculations Used in Laboratory Experiments
11(5)
1.6 Basic Laboratory Glassware and Instruments Used in an Environmental Lab
16(21)
References and Suggested Reading
34(3)
2 Water Quality Analysis
37(24)
2.1 Electrical Conductivity of Waste Water
38(2)
2.2 Alkalinity of Waste Water
40(3)
2.3 Dissolved Oxygen Content in Water Samples
43(3)
2.4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand in Water Samples
46(3)
2.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water Samples
49(3)
2.6 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Water Samples
52(1)
2.6.1 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
52(1)
2.7 Chloride Content in Water Samples
53(1)
2.8 Sulfate Content in Water Samples (Turbidimetric Method)
54(2)
2.9 Nitrogen Content in Water Samples
56(5)
References and Suggested Reading
58(3)
3 Soil Quality Analysis
61(22)
3.1 Moisture Content in Soil
62(1)
3.2 pH of the Soil
62(2)
3.3 Particle Size in Soil Samples
64(6)
3.4 Organic Matter and Organic Carbon Content in Soil Samples
70(2)
3.5 Chloride Content in Soil Samples
72(1)
3.6 Sulfate Content in Soil Samples
73(1)
3.7 Nitrogen Content in Soil Samples
74(3)
3.8 Potassium Content in Soil Samples
77(2)
3.9 Phosphorus Content in Soil Samples
79(4)
References and Suggested Reading
81(2)
4 Isolation, Culture, and Biochemical Characterization of Microbes
83(52)
4.1 Laboratory Safety
85(1)
4.2 Laboratory Etiquette
86(1)
4.3 Cleaning Glassware
87(2)
4.4 Sterilization
89(1)
4.5 Determination of pH
90(1)
4.6 Study of the Effect of pH on Growth of Microbes
91(1)
4.7 Preparation of Culture Media
92(5)
4.7.1 Preparation of Nutrient Agar (NA) Slants and Plates
94(2)
4.7.2 Preparation of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Medium
96(1)
4.8 Isolation of Cyanobacteria
97(2)
4.9 Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures
99(6)
4.9.1 Serial Dilution Method
99(1)
4.9.2 Streak Plate Method
100(2)
4.9.3 Pour Plate Technique
102(2)
4.9.4 Spread Plate Technique
104(1)
4.10 Staining Techniques
105(10)
4.10.1 Simple Stains: Microbial Morphology
106(1)
4.10.2 Negative Staining (Indirect Staining)
107(1)
4.10.3 Differential Stains
108(2)
4.10.4 Acid-Fast Staining
110(2)
4.10.5 Special Staining
112(1)
4.10.6 Fungal Staining
113(2)
4.11 Microbial Growth Curve
115(1)
4.12 Isolation of Genomic DNA from Bacteria
116(4)
4.13 DNA Quantification and Quality Analysis by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
120(2)
4.14 DNA Quantification by Spectrophotometric Method
122(1)
4.15 PCR Amplification
123(2)
4.16 Sequence Analysis
125(1)
4.17 Sampling of Air Microflora
126(2)
4.18 Antibiotic Assay
128(2)
4.19 ColiformMPN Test for Bacteriological Examination of Water
130(5)
Bibliography
133(2)
5 Plant Tissue Culture Techniques and Nutrient Analysis
135(32)
5.1 Plant Propagation and Tissue Culture
136(12)
5.1.1 Preparation of Culture Media
136(2)
5.1.2 Callus Culture
138(3)
5.1.3 Cell Suspension Culture
141(2)
5.1.4 Protoplast Culture
143(3)
5.1.5 Artificial Seeds/Synthetic Seeds
146(2)
5.2 DNA Isolation and Analysis
148(6)
5.2.1 Isolation of DNA from Plant Sample
148(3)
5.2.2 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
151(2)
5.2.3 Spectrophotometric Quantification of DNA
153(1)
5.3 Plant Nutrient Analysis
154(13)
5.3.1 Estimation of Protein Content in Plant Samples
154(1)
5.3.2 Estimation of Fatty Acid
155(1)
5.3.3 Estimation of Ammonia Nitrogen
156(1)
5.3.4 Estimation of Phosphorus in Plant Sample
157(1)
5.3.5 Estimation of Potassium in Plant Sample
158(1)
5.3.6 Estimation of Sulfur
159(1)
5.3.7 Estimation of Boron in Plant Sample
160(2)
5.3.8 Estimation of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in Plant Sample
162(1)
Bibliography
163(4)
Supplementary Information
Index 167
Dr. Jayanta Kumar Patra, M.Sc. Ph.D., is currently an Assistant Professor at Dongguk University, Republic of Korea. He has 14 years of research and teaching experience in the field of food, pharmacological and nanobiotechnology, and he has published more than 140 papers in various national and international, peer-reviewed journals, as well as 30 book chapters and 11 books.    

Dr. Gitishree Das, M.Sc. Ph.D., is currently an Assistant Professor at Dongguk University, Republic of Korea. She has 10 years of research experience in the field of rice molecular biology, plant breeding, endophytic bacteria and green nanotechnology, and 3 years of teaching experience. Her current research focuses on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using food waste and plant materials and their applications in the biomedical and agricultural fields. She has published roughly 70 research articles in respected international and national reputed journals, 16 book chapters and 6 books.            

 Dr. Swagat Kumar Das, B.Pharm., M.Tech., Ph.D., is currently a lecturer at the Department of Biotechnology at the College of Engineering and Technology, an autonomous and constituent College of Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, India. He teaches, medical and pharmaceutical biotechnology, upstream and downstream process engineering, bioprocess engineering, and intellectual property rights at B.Tech and M.Tech level. He has more than 8 years of teaching and research experience, and has published more than 25 research and review papers along with a number of book chapters and 2 books.

Prof. Hrudayanath Thatoi, M.Sc., M.Phil, Ph.D., is currently a Professor and Head of the Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Odisha, India. His has 30 years of teaching and research experience, and his interests include medicinal plants, bioremediation, biodiversity, ethnopharmacology and mangrove biology. Prof. Thatoi has publisher more than 200 research papers in various respected national and International journals, as well as 30 book chapters and 10 books.
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