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E-raamat: Practical Guide to Pharmacological Biotechnology

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Pharmacological biotechnology is applied to and used to study drug development, working mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapies. This textbook covers the whole range of experiments related to pharmacology. It also contains basic laboratory safety guidelines along with the basic calculations and formulas used in a laboratory. Each chapter starts with an introduction/theory into the basic approach followed by detailed methods sections with easy-to-follow protocols and comprehensive troubleshooting, calculations and possible questions for examination. The target group is researchers who are studying pharmacological biotechnology in the laboratory.

1 General Aspects of Pharmacology Laboratory
1(18)
1.1 General Safety Features in a Pharmacology Laboratory
1(5)
1.1.1 Clothing and Footwear
1(1)
1.1.2 Gloves
2(1)
1.1.3 Drinks, Eatables and Smoking
3(1)
1.1.4 Personal Safety and Hygiene
3(1)
1.1.5 Handling Chemicals
4(1)
1.1.6 Laboratory Work Place
4(1)
1.1.7 Instrument
4(1)
1.1.8 House Keeping
5(1)
1.1.9 Radiation
5(1)
1.1.10 Fire
6(1)
1.1.11 Laboratory Safety Signs
6(1)
1.2 Uses and Management of the Laboratory Animals in a Laboratory
6(4)
1.3 Animal House Facility, Care
10(3)
1.3.1 Environmental Aspects
10(1)
1.3.2 Physical Facilities
11(1)
1.3.3 Animal Care
12(1)
1.4 Experimental Design
13(2)
1.5 Toxicology
15(2)
References
17(2)
2 Isolated Tissues and Organs
19(10)
2.1 Basic Instruments Used for Isolated Tissue Experiments
19(3)
2.2 Organ Baths
22(2)
2.3 Intestinal Muscle Preparations
24(1)
2.4 Skeletal Muscle Preparations
25(1)
2.5 Cardiac Muscle Preparations
26(2)
References
28(1)
3 Screening of Drugs Using Cell Lines/Isolated Tissues/Intact Animals
29(26)
3.1 Evaluation of Antidiabetic Agents
29(6)
3.1.1 Antidiabetic Evaluation of Drug in Induced Diabetic Mice Model
29(3)
3.1.2 Glucose Uptake Assay
32(3)
3.2 Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity
35(2)
3.3 Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Drugs
37(4)
3.3.1 In vitro Assessment of Hepatoprotective Effect
38(1)
3.3.2 In vivo Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect
39(2)
3.4 Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Agents
41(2)
3.5 Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
43(4)
3.5.1 Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity Using Erythrocyte-Based Method
43(2)
3.5.2 Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity Using Cell Based Assay Method
45(2)
3.6 Effect of Drug in Rabbit Eye
47(2)
3.7 Evaluation of Local Anaesthetics
49(3)
3.7.1 Evaluation of Local Anaesthetics
49(2)
3.7.2 Evaluation of Local Anaesthetics
51(1)
References
52(3)
4 Genotoxicity and Toxicological Studies
55(22)
4.1 In Vitro Genotoxicity Assay
55(5)
4.2 Mouse Lymphoma Assay
60(2)
4.3 Comet Assay
62(4)
4.4 In Vitro Teratogenicity Testing
66(3)
4.5 Histopathological Studies of Animal Tissues
69(4)
4.6 Drug Poisoning
73(2)
References
75(2)
5 Experimental Animal Studies
77(32)
5.1 Collecting Blood from Mice
77(4)
5.2 Studies on Different Parameters of Blood
81(13)
5.2.1 Differential White Blood Cell Count (Differential Leukocyte Count)
82(3)
5.2.2 Blood Grouping
85(3)
5.2.3 Total Red Blood Cell Count
88(1)
5.2.4 Estimation of Haemoglobin (Hb)
89(2)
5.2.5 Bleeding Time and Clotting Time
91(3)
5.3 Pyrogen Testing
94(3)
5.3.1 Pyrogen Testing by Animal Model (In Vivo Method)
94(2)
5.3.2 Pyrogen Testing by LAL Method (In Vitro Method)
96(1)
5.4 Effect of Drug on Central Nervous System
97(6)
5.4.1 Hypnotic Drugs
97(2)
5.4.2 CNS Depressant Activity
99(1)
5.4.3 Analgesic Drugs
100(3)
5.5 Experiment on Cardiovascular System
103(3)
5.5.1 Effect of Cardiac Stimulants and Depressants
103(3)
5.6 Experiments on GI Tract
106(2)
5.6.1 Muscle Relaxants and Spasmogens
106(2)
References
108(1)
6 Clinical Trials
109(18)
6.1 Clinical Pharmacology and Its Genesis
109(4)
6.2 National and International Agencies and Their Role in Clinical Pharmacology
113(1)
6.3 Drug Development and Clinical Trials
113(5)
6.4 Safety Assessment in Clinical Trials
118(1)
6.5 Ethics in Clinical Trials
119(2)
6.6 Ethics in Clinical Research
121(4)
References
125(2)
7 IPR and Ethics in Animal Studies
127
7.1 Introduction
127(1)
7.2 Intellectual Property Rights and Its Different Categories
127(3)
7.2.1 Patents Which Protect Inventions
128(1)
7.2.2 Copyrights Which Protect Works of Literature and Art
128(2)
7.2.3 Trade Marks
130(1)
7.2.4 Trade Secrets
130(1)
7.3 Importance of IPR in Drug Development
130(3)
7.3.1 A New Drug as a New IP
131(1)
7.3.2 Safeguard of IP in Finding a New Medicine of Natural Origin
131(1)
7.3.3 Various Phases in the Natural Product Based Discovery of Drugs Where `Inventive' Contributions Might Occur
132(1)
7.3.4 Most Important Steps in the Natural Based Drug Development Procedure
132(1)
7.3.5 Importance of IPR in Drug Development
133(1)
7.4 Patenting Cells, Cell Lines and Animals
133(2)
7.5 Ethics in Laboratory Animal Studies
135(2)
7.5.1 Ethical Considerations
136(1)
7.5.2 Welfare Considerations: The Animal and the Environment
136(1)
7.5.3 Ethics in Animal Experimentation
136(1)
7.6 Risk Assessment and Management in IPR
137(1)
7.6.1 IP Risks
137(1)
7.6.2 IP Risk Management
137(1)
7.7 Good Laboratory Practices in IPR
138(1)
7.8 Principles of GLP
139(2)
References
141
Jayanta Kumar Patra, Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Republic of Korea

Swagat Kumar Das, Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, India

Gitishree Das, Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Republic of Korea





Hrudayanath Thatoi, Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, India