Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
About the Authors |
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xxiii | |
Part I Introduction |
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Chapter 1 Systems Engineering Overview |
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3 | (12) |
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1.1 Motivation for Systems Engineering |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 The Systems Engineering Process |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Typical Application of the Systems Engineering Process |
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5 | (4) |
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1.4 Multidisciplinary Systems Engineering Team |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5 Codifying Systems Engineering Practice through Standards |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Model-Based Systems Engineering |
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15 | (14) |
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2.1 Contrasting the Document-Based and Model-Based Approach |
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15 | (6) |
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2.1.1 Document-Based Systems Engineering Approach |
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15 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach |
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16 | (5) |
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21 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Model and MBSE Method Definition |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.2 The Purpose for Modeling a System |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Establishing Criteria to Meet the Model Purpose |
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22 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Model-Based Metrics |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Other Model-Based Metrics |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Getting Started with SysML |
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29 | (22) |
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3.1 SysML Purpose and Key Features |
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29 | (1) |
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3.2 SysML Diagram Overview |
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29 | (2) |
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3.3 Introducing SysML-Lite |
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31 | (13) |
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3.3.1 SysML-Lite Diagrams and Language Features |
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31 | (3) |
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3.3.2 SysML-Lite Air Compressor Example |
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34 | (4) |
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3.3.3 SysML Modeling Tool Tips |
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38 | (6) |
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3.4 A Simplified MBSE Method |
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44 | (3) |
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3.5 The Learning Curve for SysML and MBSE |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 An Automobile Example Using the SysML Basic Feature Set |
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51 | (36) |
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4.1 SysML Basic Feature Set |
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51 | (1) |
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4.2 Automobile Example Overview |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (30) |
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4.3.1 Package Diagram for Organizing the Model |
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53 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Capturing the Automobile Specification in a Requirement Diagram |
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55 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Defining the Vehicle and Its External Environment Using a Block Definition Diagram |
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57 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Use Case Diagram for Operate Vehicle |
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58 | (2) |
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4.3.5 Representing Drive Vehicle Behavior with a Sequence Diagram |
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60 | (1) |
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4.3.6 Referenced Sequence Diagram to Turn On Vehicle |
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60 | (2) |
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4.3.7 Control Power Activity Diagram |
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62 | (2) |
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4.3.8 State Machine Diagram for Drive Vehicle States |
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64 | (1) |
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4.3.9 Vehicle Context Using an Internal Block Diagram |
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64 | (3) |
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4.3.10 Vehicle Hierarchy Represented on a Block Definition Diagram |
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67 | (2) |
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4.3.11 Activity Diagram for Provide Power |
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69 | (1) |
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4.3.12 Internal Block Diagram for the Power Subsystem |
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69 | (4) |
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4.3.13 Defining the Equations to Analyze Vehicle Performance |
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73 | (2) |
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4.3.14 Analyzing Vehicle Acceleration Using the Parametric Diagram |
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75 | (1) |
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4.3.15 Analysis Results from Analyzing Vehicle Acceleration |
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75 | (2) |
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4.3.16 Defining the Vehicle Controller Actions to Optimize Engine Performance |
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77 | (1) |
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4.3.17 Specifying the Vehicle and Its Components |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3.18 Requirements Traceability |
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79 | (2) |
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4.3.19 View and Viewpoint |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (4) |
Part II Language Description |
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Chapter 5 SysML Language Architecture |
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87 | (16) |
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5.1 The OMG SysML Language Specification |
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87 | (1) |
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5.2 The Architecture of the SysML Language |
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88 | (5) |
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5.2.1 The General-Purpose Systems Modeling Domain |
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89 | (1) |
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5.2.2 The Modeling Language (or Metamodel) |
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90 | (1) |
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5.2.3 The System Model (or User Model) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (7) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Diagram Description |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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5.3.5 Additional Notations |
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99 | (1) |
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5.4 The Surveillance System Case Study |
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100 | (1) |
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5.4.1 Case Study Overview |
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100 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Modeling Conventions |
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100 | (1) |
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5.5 Organization of Part II |
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101 | (1) |
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5.5.1 OCSMP Certification Coverage and SysML 1.3 |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Organizing the Model with Packages |
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103 | (16) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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6.3 Defining Packages Using a Package Diagram |
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104 | (2) |
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6.4 Organizing a Package Hierarchy |
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106 | (1) |
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6.5 Showing Packageable Elements on a Package Diagram |
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107 | (2) |
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6.6 Packages as Namespaces |
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109 | (1) |
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6.7 Importing Model Elements into Packages |
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109 | (3) |
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6.8 Showing Dependencies between Packageable Elements |
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112 | (2) |
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6.9 Specifying Views and Viewpoints |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Modeling Structure with Blocks |
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119 | (66) |
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119 | (2) |
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7.1.1 Block Definition Diagram |
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120 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Internal Block Diagram |
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121 | (1) |
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7.2 Modeling Blocks on a Block Definition Diagram |
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121 | (2) |
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7.3 Modeling the Structure and Characteristics of Blocks Using Properties |
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123 | (19) |
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7.3.1 Modeling Block Composition Hierarchies Using Part Properties |
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123 | (7) |
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7.3.2 Modeling Relationships between Blocks Using Reference Properties |
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130 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Using Associations to Type Connectors between Parts |
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132 | (5) |
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7.3.4 Modeling Quantifiable Characteristics of Blocks Using Value Properties |
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137 | (5) |
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142 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Modeling Items That Flow |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Modeling Flows between Parts on an Internal Block Diagram |
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144 | (3) |
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7.5 Modeling Block Behavior |
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147 | (5) |
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7.5.1 Modeling the Main Behavior of a Block |
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148 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Specifying the Behavioral Features of Blocks |
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148 | (2) |
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7.5.3 Modeling Block-Defined Methods |
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150 | (1) |
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7.5.4 Routing Requests Across Connectors |
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151 | (1) |
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7.6 Modeling Interfaces Using Ports |
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152 | (15) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (8) |
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7.6.4 Modeling Flows between Ports |
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165 | (1) |
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7.6.5 Using Interfaces with Ports |
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165 | (2) |
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7.7 Modeling Classification Hierarchies Using Generalization |
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167 | (9) |
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7.7.1 Classification and the Structural Features of a Block |
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169 | (1) |
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7.7.2 Classification and Behavioral Features |
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170 | (1) |
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7.7.3 Modeling Overlapping Classifications Using Generalization Sets |
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171 | (1) |
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7.7.4 Modeling Variants Using Classification |
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172 | (1) |
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7.7.5 Using Property-Specific Types to Model Context-Specific Block Characteristics |
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173 | (1) |
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7.7.6 Modeling Block Configurations as Specialized Blocks |
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173 | (3) |
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7.8 Modeling Block Configurations Using Instances |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (2) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Modeling Constraints with Parametrics |
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185 | (20) |
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185 | (2) |
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8.1.1 Defining Constraints Using the Block Definition Diagram |
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185 | (1) |
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8.1.2 The Parametric Diagram |
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186 | (1) |
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8.2 Using Constraint Expressions to Represent System Constraints |
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187 | (1) |
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8.3 Encapsulating Constraints in Constraint Blocks to Enable Reuse |
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188 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Additional Parameter Characteristics |
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188 | (2) |
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8.4 Using Composition to Build Complex Constraint Blocks |
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190 | (1) |
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8.5 Using a Parametric Diagram to Bind Parameters of Constraint Blocks |
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191 | (2) |
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8.6 Constraining Value Properties of a Block |
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193 | (2) |
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8.7 Capturing Values in Block Configurations |
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195 | (1) |
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8.8 Constraining Time-Dependent Properties to Facilitate Time-Based Analysis |
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195 | (2) |
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8.9 Using Constraint Blocks to Constrain Item Flows |
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197 | (1) |
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8.10 Describing an Analysis Context |
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198 | (2) |
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8.11 Modeling Evaluation of Alternatives and Trade Studies |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Modeling Flow-Based Behavior with Activities |
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205 | (46) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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9.3 Actions-The Foundation of Activities |
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208 | (1) |
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9.4 The Basics of Modeling Activities |
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209 | (4) |
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9.4.1 Specifying Input and Output Parameters for an Activity |
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209 | (2) |
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9.4.2 Composing Activities Using Call Behavior Actions |
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211 | (2) |
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9.5 Using Object Flows to Describe the Flow of Items between Actions |
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213 | (7) |
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9.5.1 Routing Object Flows |
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213 | (3) |
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9.5.2 Routing Object Flows from Parameter Sets |
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216 | (3) |
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9.5.3 Buffers and Data Stores |
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219 | (1) |
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9.6 Using Control Flows to Specify the Order of Action Execution |
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220 | (4) |
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9.6.1 Depicting Control Logic with Control Nodes |
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220 | (2) |
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9.6.2 Using Control Operators to Enable and Disable Actions |
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222 | (2) |
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9.7 Handling Signals and Other Events |
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224 | (1) |
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9.8 Structuring Activities |
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225 | (3) |
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9.8.1 Interruptible Regions |
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225 | (1) |
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9.8.2 Using Structured Activity Nodes |
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226 | (2) |
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9.9 Advanced Flow Modeling |
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228 | (3) |
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9.9.1 Modeling Flow Rates |
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228 | (1) |
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9.9.2 Modeling Flow Order |
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229 | (1) |
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9.9.3 Modeling Probabilistic Flow |
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230 | (1) |
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9.10 Modeling Constraints on Activity Execution |
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231 | (3) |
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9.10.1 Modeling Pre- and Post-conditions and Input and Output States |
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231 | (2) |
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9.10.2 Adding Timing Constraints to Actions |
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233 | (1) |
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9.11 Relating Activities to Blocks and Other Behaviors |
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234 | (6) |
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9.11.1 Linking Behavior to Structure Using Partitions |
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234 | (2) |
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9.11.2 Specifying an Activity in a Block Context |
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236 | (3) |
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9.11.3 Relationship between Activities and Other Behaviors |
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239 | (1) |
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9.12 Modeling Activity Hierarchies Using Block Definition Diagrams |
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240 | (3) |
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9.12.1 Modeling Activity Invocation Using Composite Associations |
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240 | (1) |
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9.12.2 Modeling Parameter and Other Object Nodes Using Associations |
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240 | (2) |
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9.12.3 Adding Parametric Constraints to Activities |
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242 | (1) |
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9.13 Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagram |
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243 | (1) |
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9.14 Executing Activities |
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243 | (5) |
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9.14.1 The Foundational UML Subset (fUML) |
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244 | (1) |
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9.14.2 The Action Language for Foundational UML (Alf) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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9.14.4 Executing Continuous Activities |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Modeling Message-Based Behavior with Interactions |
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251 | (26) |
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251 | (1) |
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10.2 The Sequence Diagram |
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252 | (1) |
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10.3 The Context for Interactions |
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252 | (2) |
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10.4 Using Lifelines to Represent Participants in an Interaction |
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254 | (2) |
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10.4.1 Occurrence Specifications |
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255 | (1) |
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10.5 Exchanging Messages between Lifelines |
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256 | (5) |
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10.5.1 Synchronous and Asynchronous Messages |
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256 | (2) |
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10.5.2 Lost and Found Messages |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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10.5.5 Lifeline Creation and Destruction |
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261 | (1) |
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10.6 Representing Time on a Sequence Diagram |
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261 | (3) |
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10.7 Describing Complex Scenarios Using Combined Fragments |
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264 | (6) |
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10.7.1 Basic Interaction Operators |
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265 | (1) |
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10.7.2 Additional Interaction Operators |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (2) |
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10.8 Using Interaction References to Structure Complex Interactions |
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270 | (1) |
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10.9 Decomposing Lifelines to Represent Internal Behavior |
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270 | (3) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Modeling Event-Based Behavior with State Machines |
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277 | (26) |
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277 | (1) |
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11.2 State Machine Diagram |
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278 | (1) |
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11.3 Specifying States in a State Machine |
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278 | (3) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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11.4 Transitioning between States |
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281 | (6) |
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11.4.1 Transition Fundamentals |
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281 | (3) |
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11.4.2 Routing Transitions Using Pseudostates |
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284 | (3) |
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11.4.3 Showing Transitions Graphically |
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287 | (1) |
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11.5 State Machines and Operation Calls |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (9) |
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11.6.1 Composite State with a Single Region |
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289 | (1) |
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11.6.2 Composite State with Multiple (Orthogonal) Regions |
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290 | (2) |
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11.6.3 Transition Firing Order in Nested State Hierarchies |
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292 | (1) |
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11.6.4 Using the History Pseudostate to Return to a Previously Interrupted State |
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293 | (2) |
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11.6.5 Reusing State Machines |
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295 | (2) |
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11.7 Contrasting Discrete and Continuous States |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Modeling Functionality with Use Cases |
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303 | (14) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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12.3 Using Actors to Represent the Users of a System |
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304 | (1) |
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12.3.1 Further Descriptions of Actors |
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305 | (1) |
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12.4 Using Use Cases to Describe System Functionality |
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305 | (5) |
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12.4.1 Use Case Relationships |
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307 | (2) |
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12.4.2 Use Case Descriptions |
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309 | (1) |
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12.5 Elaborating Use Cases with Behaviors |
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310 | (4) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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12.5.4 State Machine Diagrams |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Modeling Text-Based Requirements and Their Relationship to Design |
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317 | (26) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (2) |
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13.3 Representing a Text Requirement in the Model |
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320 | (2) |
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13.4 Types of Requirements Relationships |
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322 | (1) |
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13.5 Representing Cross-Cutting Relationships in SysML Diagrams |
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322 | (3) |
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13.5.1 Depicting Requirements Relationships Directly |
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323 | (1) |
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13.5.2 Depicting Requirements Relationships Using Compartment Notation |
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324 | (1) |
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13.5.3 Depicting Requirements Relationships Using Callout Notation |
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324 | (1) |
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13.6 Depicting Rationale for Requirements Relationships |
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325 | (1) |
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13.7 Depicting Requirements and Their Relationships in Tables |
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326 | (2) |
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13.7.1 Depicting Requirement Relationships in Tables |
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326 | (1) |
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13.7.2 Depicting Requirement Relationships as Matrices |
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327 | (1) |
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13.8 Modeling Requirement Hierarchies in Packages |
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328 | (1) |
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13.9 Modeling a Requirements Containment Hierarchy |
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328 | (1) |
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13.9.1 The Browser View of a Containment Hierarchy |
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329 | (1) |
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13.10 Modeling Requirement Derivation |
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329 | (2) |
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13.11 Asserting That a Requirement is Satisfied |
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331 | (1) |
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13.12 Verifying That a Requirement is Satisfied |
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332 | (3) |
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13.13 Reducing Requirements Ambiguity Using the Refine Relationship |
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335 | (3) |
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13.14 Using the General-Purpose Trace Relationship |
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338 | (1) |
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13.15 Reusing Requirements with the Copy Relationship |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (3) |
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Chapter 14 Modeling Cross-Cutting Relationships with Allocations |
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343 | (26) |
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343 | (1) |
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14.2 Allocation Relationship |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (2) |
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14.4.1 Allocation of Requirements |
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347 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Allocation of Behavior or Function |
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347 | (1) |
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14.4.3 Allocation of Flow |
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348 | (1) |
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14.4.4 Allocation of Structure |
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348 | (1) |
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14.4.5 Allocation of Properties |
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348 | (1) |
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14.4.6 Summary of Relationships Associated with the Term "Allocation" |
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349 | (1) |
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14.5 Planning for Reuse: Specifying Definition and Usage in Allocation |
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349 | (3) |
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350 | (1) |
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14.5.2 Allocating Definition |
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351 | (1) |
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14.5.3 Allocating Asymmetrically |
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351 | (1) |
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14.5.4 Guidelines for Allocating Definition and Usage |
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351 | (1) |
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14.6 Allocating Behavior to Structure Using Functional Allocation |
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352 | (6) |
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14.6.1 Modeling Functional Allocation of Usage |
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354 | (1) |
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14.6.2 Modeling Functional Allocation of Definition |
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354 | (3) |
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14.6.3 Modeling Functional Allocation Using Allocate Activity Partitions (Allocate Swimlanes) |
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357 | (1) |
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14.7 Connecting Functional Flow with Structural Flow Using Functional Flow Allocation |
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358 | (3) |
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14.7.1 Options for Functionally Allocating Flow |
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358 | (1) |
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14.7.2 Allocating an Object Flow to a Connector |
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358 | (1) |
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14.7.3 Allocating Object Flow to Item Flow |
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359 | (2) |
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14.8 Modeling Allocation between Independent Structural Hierarchies |
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361 | (3) |
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14.8.1 Modeling Structural Allocation of Usage |
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362 | (1) |
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14.8.2 Allocating a Logical Connector to a Physical Structure |
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362 | (1) |
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14.8.3 Modeling Structural Allocation of Definition |
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363 | (1) |
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14.9 Modeling Structural Flow Allocation |
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364 | (2) |
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14.10 Evaluating Allocation across a User Model |
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366 | (1) |
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14.10.1 Establishing Balance and Consistency |
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366 | (1) |
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14.11 Taking Allocation to the Next Step |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Customizing SysML for Specific Domains |
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369 | (24) |
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369 | (4) |
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15.1.1 A Brief Review of Metamodeling Concepts |
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370 | (3) |
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15.2 Defining Model Libraries to Provide Reusable Constructs |
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373 | (1) |
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15.3 Defining Stereotypes to Extend Existing SysML Concepts |
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374 | (5) |
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15.3.1 Adding Properties and Constraints to Stereotypes |
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376 | (3) |
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15.4 Extending the SysML Language Using Profiles |
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379 | (2) |
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15.4.1 Referencing a Metamodel or Metaclass from a Profile |
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380 | (1) |
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15.5 Applying Profiles to User Models in Order to Use Stereotypes |
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381 | (1) |
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15.6 Applying Stereotypes when Building a Model |
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382 | (6) |
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15.6.1 Specializing Model Elements with Applied Stereotypes |
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384 | (4) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (4) |
Part III Modeling Examples |
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Chapter 16 Water Distiller Example Using Functional Analysis |
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393 | (38) |
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16.1 Stating the Problem - The Need for Clean Drinking Water |
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393 | (1) |
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16.2 Defining the Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach |
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394 | (1) |
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16.3 Organizing the Model |
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394 | (2) |
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16.4 Establishing Requirements |
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396 | (13) |
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16.4.1 Characterizing Stakeholder Needs |
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396 | (3) |
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16.4.2 Characterizing System Requirements |
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399 | (1) |
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16.4.3 Characterizing Required Behaviors |
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400 | (6) |
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406 | (3) |
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409 | (8) |
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16.5.1 Defining Distiller's Blocks in the Block Definition Diagram |
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409 | (3) |
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16.5.2 Allocating Behavior |
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|
412 | (2) |
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16.5.3 Defining the Ports on the Blocks |
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414 | (1) |
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16.5.4 Creating the Internal Block Diagram with Parts, Ports, Connectors, and Item Flows |
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414 | (3) |
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16.5.5 Allocation of Flow |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (3) |
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16.6.1 Item Flow Heat Balance Analysis |
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417 | (3) |
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16.6.2 Resolving Heat Balance |
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420 | (1) |
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16.7 Modify the Original Design |
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420 | (9) |
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420 | (1) |
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16.7.2 Updating Allocation and Structure |
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|
421 | (4) |
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16.7.3 Controlling the Distiller and the User Interaction |
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|
425 | (1) |
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16.7.4 Developing a User Interface and a Controller |
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426 | (1) |
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16.7.5 Startup and Shutdown Considerations |
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427 | (2) |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 Residential Security System Example Using the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method |
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|
431 | (92) |
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431 | (6) |
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17.1.1 Motivation and Background |
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431 | (1) |
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17.1.2 System Development Process Overview |
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|
432 | (3) |
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17.1.3 OOSEM System Specification and Design Process |
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435 | (2) |
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17.2 Residential Security Example Overview |
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|
437 | (1) |
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17.2.1 Problem Background |
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437 | (1) |
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|
437 | (1) |
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17.3 Applying OOSEM to Specify and Design the Residential Security System |
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438 | (80) |
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439 | (5) |
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17.3.2 Analyze Stakeholder Needs |
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|
444 | (9) |
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17.3.3 Analyze System Requirements |
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|
453 | (12) |
|
17.3.4 Define Logical Architecture |
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|
465 | (7) |
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17.3.5 Synthesize Candidate Physical Architectures |
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|
472 | (29) |
|
17.3.6 Optimize and Evaluate Alternatives |
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|
501 | (6) |
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17.3.7 Manage Requirements Traceability |
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|
507 | (6) |
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17.3.8 OOSEM Support to Integrate and Verify System |
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513 | (2) |
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17.3.9 Develop Enabling Systems |
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|
515 | (3) |
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518 | (1) |
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519 | (4) |
Part IV Transitioning To Model-Based Systems Engineering |
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|
Chapter 18 Integrating SysML into a Systems Development Environment |
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|
523 | (34) |
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18.1 Understanding the System Model's Role in the Broader Modeling Context |
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|
523 | (7) |
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18.1.1 The System Model as an Integrating Framework |
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|
523 | (1) |
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18.1.2 Types of Models and Simulations |
|
|
523 | (3) |
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18.1.3 Using the System Model with Other Models |
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|
526 | (4) |
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18.2 Tool Roles in a Systems Development Environment |
|
|
530 | (5) |
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18.2.1 Use of Tools to Model and Specify the System |
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530 | (1) |
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18.2.2 Use of Tools to Manage the Design Configuration and Related Data |
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|
531 | (3) |
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18.2.3 Use of Tools to View and Document the Data |
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|
534 | (1) |
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18.2.4 Verification and Validation Tools |
|
|
535 | (1) |
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18.2.5 Use of Project Management Tools to Manage the Development Process |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
18.3 An Overview of Information Flow between Tools |
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|
535 | (7) |
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18.3.1 Interconnecting the System Modeling Tool with Other Tools |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
18.3.2 Interface with Requirements Management Tool |
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|
536 | (2) |
|
18.3.3 Interface with SoS/Business Modeling Tools |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
18.3.4 Interface with Simulation and Analysis Tools |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
18.3.5 Interface with Verification Tools |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
18.3.6 Interface with Development Tools |
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|
539 | (1) |
|
18.3.7 Interface with Documentation & View Generation Tool |
|
|
540 | (1) |
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18.3.8 Interface with Configuration Management Tool |
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|
540 | (2) |
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18.3.9 Interface with Project Management Tool |
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|
542 | (1) |
|
18.4 Data Exchange Mechanisms |
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|
542 | (6) |
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18.4.1 Considerations for Data Exchange |
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|
542 | (2) |
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18.4.2 File-Based Exchange |
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|
544 | (2) |
|
18.4.3 API-based Exchange |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
18.4.4 Performing Transformations |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
18.5 Data Exchange Applications |
|
|
548 | (5) |
|
18.5.1 SysML to Modelica (bidirectional transformation) |
|
|
548 | (4) |
|
18.5.2 Interchanging SysML Models and Ontologies |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
18.5.3 Document Generation from Models (unidirectional transformation) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
18.6 Selecting a System Modeling Tool |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
18.6.1 Tool Selection Criteria |
|
|
553 | (1) |
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|
554 | (1) |
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|
554 | (1) |
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|
555 | (2) |
|
Chapter 19 Deploying SysML into an Organization |
|
|
557 | (8) |
|
|
557 | (6) |
|
19.1.1 Monitor and Assess |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
19.1.2 Plan the Improvement |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
19.1.3 Define Changes to Process, Methods, Tools, and Training |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
19.1.4 Pilot the Approach |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
19.1.5 Deploy Changes Incrementally |
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
563 | (2) |
Appendix A |
|
565 | (30) |
References |
|
595 | (4) |
Index |
|
599 | |