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E-raamat: Practical Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design

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  • Formaat: 480 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2019
  • Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781630816704
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Practical Microstrip and Printed Antenna DesignSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 480 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2019
  • Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781630816704
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This comprehensive resource presents antenna fundamentals balanced with the design of printed antennas. Over 70 antenna projects, along with design dimensions, design flows and antenna performance results are discussed, including antennas for wireless communication, 5G antennas and beamforming. Examples of smartphone antennas, MIMO antennas, aerospace and satellite remote sensing array antennas, automotive antennas and radar systems and many more printed antennas for various applications are also included. These projects include design dimensions and parameters that incorporate the various techniques used by industries and academia. This book is intended to serve as a practical microstrip and printed antenna design guide to cover various real-world applications. All Antenna projects discussed in this book are designed, analyzed and simulated using full-wave electromagnetic solvers. Based on several years of the author's research in antenna design and development for RF and microwave applications, this book offers an in-depth coverage of practical printed antenna design methodology for modern applications.
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Chapter 1 Printed Antennas 1(26)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Types of Printed Antennas
2(6)
1.2.2 Slot Antenna
2(1)
1.2.3 Inverted-F Antenna
3(1)
1.2.4 Planar Inverted-F Antenna
3(1)
1.2.5 Printed Dipole Antenna
4(1)
1.2.6 Monopole Antenna
4(1)
1.2.7 Printed Inductor Antenna
4(1)
1.2.8 Printed Quasi-Yagi Antenna
5(1)
1.2.9 Log-Periodic and Fractal Antenna
5(1)
1.2.10 Customized Printed Antenna
6(1)
1.2.11 Comparison of Planar Antennas
6(2)
1.3 Important Specifications of Antenna Design
8(4)
1.3.1 Operating Frequency
8(1)
1.3.2 Impedance
8(1)
1.3.3 Return Loss and VSWR
8(1)
1.3.4 Radiation Pattern
9(1)
1.3.5 Directivity and Gain
10(1)
1.3.6 Antenna Efficiency
11(1)
1.3.7 Bandwidth
11(1)
1.3.8 Half-Power Beamwidth
11(1)
1.3.9 Sidelobes
11(1)
1.3.10 Polarization
11(1)
1.4 Analysis and Simulation Software for Antenna Design
12(5)
1.4.1 Transmission-Line Circuit Model
12(1)
1.4.2 Cavity Model
12(1)
1.4.3 Full-Wave Analysis Technique
13(3)
1.4.4 Comparison between MOM, FEM, and FDTD
16(1)
1.5 RF and Microwave Frequency Band and Applications
17(2)
1.6 Overview of the Book
19(3)
References
22(2)
Selected Bibliography
24(3)
Chapter 2 Microstrip Antenna Design 27(24)
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 Microstrip Antenna
27(7)
2.2.1 Microstrip Antenna Working Principle
28(2)
2.2.2 Microstrip Antenna Design Process
30(1)
2.2.3 Radiating Element Design of Microstrip Antenna
31(1)
2.2.4 Criteria for the Substrate Selection
32(1)
2.2.5 Losses in Microstrip Antennas
33(1)
2.3 Feed Techniques for Single-Element
34(3)
2.3.1 Microstrip Line Feed
34(1)
2.3.2 Coaxial Feed
35(1)
2.3.3 Aperture-Coupled Feed
35(1)
2.3.4 Proximity- or Electromagnetically Coupled Feed
36(1)
2.4 Design and EM Simulation of Microstrip Antennas
37(5)
2.4.1 Design Process
37(1)
2.4.2 Feed-Point Location of a Single Patch Antenna
37(1)
2.4.3 Microstrip Patch Antenna Design Parameters
38(1)
2.4.4 Patch Antenna Design and Analysis Result at 2.4 GHz
39(1)
2.4.5 Coaxial-Fed Patch Antenna for Coal Mines
40(2)
2.5 Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antennas
42(3)
2.5.1 Single-Fed Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna
42(2)
2.5.2 Dual-Orthogonal Fed Circularly Polarized Patch
44(1)
2.6 Antenna Measurements
45(2)
2.6.1 S-Parameter and Input Impedance
46(1)
2.6.2 Radiation Pattern Measurements
47(1)
2.7 Summary
47(1)
References
48(1)
Selected Bibliography
49(2)
Chapter 3 Antenna Design for Wireless Communication and Mobile Phones 51(26)
3.1 Introduction
51(1)
3.2 Mobile Communication Standards
52(1)
3.3 Mobile Phone Antennas
53(1)
3.4 Multiband Antenna Design for Mobile Phones
54(1)
3.4.1 Feeding Structures
54(1)
3.5 Dual-Band Monopole Antenna Design for WLAN
55(8)
3.5.1 Antenna Design
55(3)
3.5.2 Mathematical Modeling
58(1)
3.5.3 Antenna Design Parametric Study
59(2)
3.5.4 Simulated Result of the Optimized Design
61(2)
3.6 Inverted-F Bluetooth Antenna
63(2)
3.7 LTE Band PIFA
65(2)
3.8 MIMO Antenna Design for LTE Mobile Terminals
67(3)
3.9 Mobile Antenna Performance with Components and Standard Anthropomorphic Model Head
70(3)
3.9.1 Cross-Talk of Bluetooth Antenna with MIMO Antenna
71(2)
References
73(4)
Chapter 4 Smartphone Antenna Design Compliances and Measurement 77(26)
4.1 Introduction
77(1)
4.2 Design Challenges in Smartphone Systems
78(1)
4.3 Smartphone Antenna Simulation Workflow
79(1)
4.4 Smart Antenna System Using the MIMO and Diversity Technique
79(7)
4.4.1 MIMO Antenna Configuration
80(1)
4.4.2 Antenna Diversity
81(1)
4.4.3 MIMO Antenna Design Challenges
82(1)
4.4.4 Antenna Diversity Simulation and Measurement
83(1)
4.4.5 Antenna Diversity Modeling
83(3)
4.5 Mobile Phone Compliances and Measurement
86(1)
4.5.1 EMC and EMI Compliance
86(1)
4.5.2 HAC Compliance
86(1)
4.5.3 SAR Compliance
87(1)
4.6 HAC
87(2)
4.6.1 M and T Ratings
88(1)
4.6.2 HAC Measurement
88(1)
4.7 SAR
89(4)
4.7.1 SAR Testing
90(2)
4.7.2 SAR Measurement
92(1)
4.8 EMI and EMC in Mobile Phones
93(6)
4.8.1 EMC Simulation Model
95(2)
4.8.2 EMI Simulation Model
97(2)
4.9 Summary
99(1)
References
99(2)
Selected Bibliography
101(2)
Chapter 5 Reconfigurable Frequency and Polarization Diversity Antennas 103(18)
5.1 Introduction
103(1)
5.2 Reconfigurable Antennas
104(3)
5.2.1 Electrically Reconfigurable Antenna
105(1)
5.2.2 Frequency-Reconfigurable Antenna
105(1)
5.2.3 Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna
105(1)
5.2.4 Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna
106(1)
5.2.5 Hybrid Reconfigurable Antenna
106(1)
5.2.6 Antenna Switching Techniques
106(1)
5.3 Reconfigurable Frequency and Polarization Antenna Design
107(9)
5.3.1 Antenna Mathematical Modeling
110(3)
5.3.2 Antenna Operating Principle and Results
113(3)
5.4 Summary
116(1)
References
117(1)
Selected Bibliography
118(3)
Chapter 6 Printed Antenna Arrays 121(38)
6.1 Introduction
121(1)
6.2 Microstrip Antenna Arrays
122(1)
6.3 Array Antenna Radiating Elements
122(2)
6.3.1 Linear Microstrip Arrays
123(1)
6.3.2 Planar Microstrip Antenna Arrays
124(1)
6.4 Feed Techniques for Array Antenna
124(5)
6.4.1 Corporate Feed Network
125(1)
6.4.2 Inline Series Feed Network
126(1)
6.4.3 Multilayer Feed Network
127(2)
6.4.4 Feed Network for Shaped Beam Pattern Arrays
129(1)
6.4.5 Feed Network for Active Antenna Arrays
129(1)
6.5 Printed Antenna Array Design for Rainfall Radar
129(10)
6.5.1 Antenna Design Specifications
131(1)
6.5.2 Design and Optimization of a Single Element
131(1)
6.5.3 Design of the Corporate Feed Network
132(2)
6.5.4 Planar Antenna Design
134(2)
6.5.5 Complete Antenna Design and Simulation
136(1)
6.5.6 Antenna Fabrication
137(1)
6.5.7 Circular Aperture Array Antenna
138(1)
6.6 Bandwidth Enhancement Technique of Microstrip Array Antenna
139(2)
6.6.1 Edge-Coupled Patches
140(1)
6.6.2 Multilayer Structure
140(1)
6.7 Multilayer Antenna Design with Wideband Performance
141(1)
6.8 Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for Automotive Radar
142(2)
6.8.1 Equivalent Model of a Series-Fed Antenna Array
143(1)
6.8.2 Series-Fed Antenna Array Design
144(1)
6.9 Conformal Printed Antennas
144(10)
6.9.1 Patch Antenna Printed on Circular Cylindrical Structure
146(5)
6.9.2 Antenna on Missile Surface
151(1)
6.9.3 Conformal Microstrip Antenna Array Fed with Waveguide
152(2)
6.10 Summary
154(1)
References
154(3)
Selected Bibliography
157(2)
Chapter 7 Antenna Arrays for Microwave Sensing and Imaging 159(18)
7.1 Introduction
159(1)
7.2 Microwave Remote Sensing and Imaging
160(2)
7.2.1 Microwave Remote-Sensing Frequency Bands
161(1)
7.2.2 Antenna Polarization in Remote-Sensing Applications
162(1)
7.3 SAR
162(2)
7.3.1 Antenna Types Used in SAR Systems
164(1)
7.4 Dual-Polarized SAR Antennas Design
164(5)
7.4.1 Design of Microstrip Patch Radiator
166(2)
7.4.2 Antenna Performance with Different Types of Slots
168(1)
7.5 Array Antenna Design for X-Band SAR
169(4)
7.5.1 The Design of the Feed Network
171(1)
7.5.2 Antenna Performance Results
172(1)
7.5.3 Coupling in Feed Lines
173(1)
7.6 Summary
173(1)
References
173(1)
Selected Bibliography
174(3)
Chapter 8 Airborne SAR Antenna Arrays 177(24)
8.1 Introduction
177(1)
8.2 SAR Antenna Pattern Synthesis
178(5)
8.2.1 Cosecant Square Shaped Pattern
179(1)
8.2.2 Woodward-Lawson Pattern Synthesis Technique
179(3)
8.2.3 Theoretical Predicted Patterns
182(1)
8.3 Design of Airborne SAR Antenna
183(6)
8.3.1 SAR Antenna Design Flow and Methodology
183(1)
8.3.2 SAR Antenna Design
184(1)
8.3.3 Shaped Pattern BFN
185(1)
8.3.4 Antenna Array Design Realization and Simulation
186(3)
8.4 High-Power Feed Network Design
189(8)
8.4.1 Rectangular Coaxial Line
189(1)
8.4.2 Corona and Multipaction Breakdown in the High-Power Feed Network
190(1)
8.4.3 Design of the Feed Network
191(5)
8.4.4 High-Power Calculation of the SCL
196(1)
8.5 Integrated Array Antenna Design
197(1)
8.6 Summary
197(1)
References
198(1)
Selected Bibliography
199(2)
Chapter 9 Multifrequency Shared-Aperture Microstrip Antenna Arrays 201(12)
9.1 Introduction
201(3)
9.1.1 SAR Imaging
202(2)
9.2 Dual-Frequency Shared Aperture Antenna Array
204(1)
9.3 Design of C-Band and X-Band Radiating Element
204(2)
9.3.1 Design of Patch Antenna at C-Band
205(1)
9.3.2 Design of the Slot Antenna at X-Band
205(1)
9.4 Array Design
206(3)
9.4.1 Design of the C-Band Linear Array
206(1)
9.4.2 Design of the X-Band Linear Array
207(1)
9.4.3 Integrated Array
208(1)
9.5 Summary
209(1)
References
210(1)
Selected Bibliography
211(2)
Chapter 10 Phased Array Antennas 213(22)
10.1 Introduction
213(1)
10.2 Phased Array Types
214(4)
10.2.1 Passive Phased Arrays
214(2)
10.2.2 Active Phased Arrays
216(1)
10.2.3 Hybrid Phased Arrays
217(1)
10.3 Phased Array Theory
218(4)
10.3.1 Grating Lobes
221(1)
10.4 Active Phased Array Antenna Design
222(7)
10.4.1 Antenna Configuration
222(4)
10.4.2 Dual-Polarized Feed Network
226(3)
10.5 Planar Array Antenna Design
229(1)
10.6 Measurement of Phased Array Antenna
230(2)
10.6.1 Microwave Holography
231(1)
10.7 Summary
232(1)
References
232(1)
Selected Bibliography
233(2)
Chapter 11 Broadband Antennas 235(42)
11.1 Introduction
235(1)
11.2 Metamaterials
236(1)
11.3 Antenna Designs Based on EBG
236(11)
11.3.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna on Mushroom-Like-EBG Structure
239(4)
11.3.2 Uniplanar EBG Cells with a Rectangular Microstrip Antenna
243(1)
11.3.3 Bowtie Antenna with EBG Cells
244(1)
11.3.4 Array Antenna Design Using EBG
245(2)
11.4 FSS
247(2)
11.5 Antennas on PBG
249(4)
11.6 Fractal Antennas
253(9)
11.6.1 Fractal Antenna Geometries
254(1)
11.6.2 Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Antenna
254(2)
11.6.3 Square Shape Fractal Antenna Design
256(2)
11.6.4 Koch Snowflake Fractal Antenna
258(2)
11.6.5 UHF Hilbert Antenna Array for Partial Discharge (PD) Detection
260(2)
11.7 UWB Antenna
262(7)
11.7.1 UWB Hexagonal Printed Monopole Antenna for GPR Systems
263(1)
11.7.2 Broadband Rectangular Patch
264(1)
11.7.3 Slot-Loaded Patch
265(2)
11.7.4 Wideband Spiral Antenna for Software-Defined Ratio-Based Radar
267(1)
11.7.5 UWB Vivaldi Antennas
267(2)
11.8 Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Microstrip Patch Antenna for Radar Applications
269(3)
11.9 Summary
272(1)
References
272(2)
Selected Bibliography
274(3)
Chapter 12 Modern Printed Antennas Design Trends and Applications 277(28)
12.1 Introduction
277(1)
12.2 RFID Antennas
278(9)
12.2.1 RFID System Working Principle
278(1)
12.2.2 RFID Frequency Band Allocation
279(1)
12.2.3 RFID Antennas
279(1)
12.2.4 RFID Tag Antenna Design
280(2)
12.2.5 Fat-Tag or Dog-Bone RFID Antenna
282(1)
12.2.6 RFID Printed Tag Antenna on Hydrophobic Paper
282(1)
12.2.7 Reader Antenna
283(3)
12.2.8 RFID Read Range Calculation
286(1)
12.3 Radio Navigation Satellite System Antennas
287(7)
12.3.1 RNSS Frequency Bands
288(1)
12.3.2 Antennas for RNSS
288(2)
12.3.3 GPS Spiral Antenna Design
290(3)
12.3.4 Sine-Wave Meander Archimedean Spiral Antenna
293(1)
12.4 Printed Antennas for Medical Applications
294(4)
12.4.1 Antenna Design for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
296(2)
12.5 IoT Antennas
298(4)
12.5.1 Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) IoT Antenna Design
299(1)
12.5.2 Quasi-Yagi IoT Antenna Design
300(2)
12.6 Summary
302(1)
References
302(2)
Selected Bibliography
304(1)
Chapter 13 Automotive Antennas 305(36)
13.1 Introduction
305(1)
13.2 Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Automotive Radar System
306(2)
13.3 Automotive Antenna Design Requirements
308(2)
13.4 Antennas for Automotive Radars
310(2)
13.4.1 Low-Frequency Automobile Antennas
311(1)
13.4.2 High-Frequency Automobile Antennas
311(1)
13.5 Automotive Glass-Mounted FM/DAB Antennas
312(1)
13.6 Shark-Fin Antenna
313(5)
13.6.1 LTE/GSM Antenna Design
315(1)
13.6.2 GPS Antenna
316(1)
13.6.3 WLAN Antenna
317(1)
13.7 Grid Array Antenna for 24-GHz Automotive SRR
318(7)
13.7.1 Microstrip Comb-Line Antenna Arrays for LRR
320(2)
13.7.2 Amplitude Tapered Antenna Array
322(2)
13.7.3 Amplitude Tapered 45° Antenna Array
324(1)
13.8 Planar Array for Millimeter-Wave Automotive Radar
325(6)
13.8.1 ACC Radar System Requirements
326(1)
13.8.2 ACC Radar Antenna Design
327(1)
13.8.3 Rotman Lens Design for Electronic Scanning of the Antenna Beam
328(3)
13.9 Automotive System-Level Simulation
331(1)
13.10 Antenna Array for the ETC System
332(4)
13.10.1 Phased Array Antenna for ETC Application at 5.8 GHz
333(3)
13.11 Summary
336(1)
References
336(2)
Selected Bibliography
338(3)
Chapter 14 Transceiver for Phased Array Radar 341(24)
14.1 Introduction
341(1)
14.2 TRM Architecture
342(2)
14.3 TRM Design and Simulation
344(16)
14.3.1 MMIC LNA Design
346(3)
14.3.2 PA Design
349(2)
14.3.3 MMIC SPDT Switch Design
351(4)
14.3.4 LTCC LPF
355(2)
14.3.5 A 6-Bit MMIC Phase Shifter
357(2)
14.3.6 Antenna with TRM
359(1)
14.4 Design of Phased Array Radar Using the Transceiver Module
360(1)
14.5 Summary
361(1)
References
362(1)
Selected Bibliography
363(2)
Chapter 15 Phased Array and BFN for 5G Communication Systems 365(32)
15.1 Introduction
365(1)
15.2 5G Communication System
366(5)
15.2.1 Massive MIMO and Antenna Technologies
367(1)
15.2.2 MIMO Antennas for Picocells
368(1)
15.2.3 Spectrum for 5G Communication
369(1)
15.2.4 Path Loss Model in a Cellular Cell
369(1)
15.2.5 The 60-GHz Spectrum for 5G Application
370(1)
15.3 Millimeter-Wave SG BFN
371(4)
15.3.1 A 3-dB Hybrid Coupler Design
373(1)
15.3.2 The 0-dB Crossover Design
373(1)
15.3.3 The 22.5°, 45°, and 67.5° Phase Shifter Designs
374(1)
15.3.4 The 8 x 8 BFN Design
374(1)
15.4 A 60-GHz Microstrip Antenna Array Design
375(2)
15.5 Phase Array System
377(1)
15.6 FD-MIMO
378(1)
15.7 FD-MIMO Phased Array System
379(1)
15.8 5G Communication System Design
379(4)
15.9 The 5G Phased Array System Design
383(5)
15.9.1 System-Level Design and Simulation
383(2)
15.9.2 Antenna Design and Simulation
385(1)
15.9.3 RF Circuit Design and Simulation
386(2)
15.10 System Validation and Test
388(2)
15.11 Massive MIMO Based on Digital Beamforming
390(2)
15.12 Summary
392(1)
References
393(1)
Selected Bibliography
394(3)
Appendix A Important Antenna and Electromagnetics Formulas 397(4)
A.1 Maxwell's Equations
397(1)
A.2 Microstrip Antenna Radiation Pattern and Directivity
397(2)
A.3 Antenna Bandwidth Calculation
399(1)
A.4 Constants
400(1)
Appendix B Designed Antenna Project List 401(2)
Acronyms and Abbreviations 403(4)
About the Author 407(2)
Index 409
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