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1 Rationale, Terminology, Scope |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 What Is a Population Projection? |
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2 | (4) |
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1.1.1 Projections, Forecasts, Estimates |
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2 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Alternative Approaches |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2 Why Make Population Projections? |
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6 | (5) |
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1.2.1 Roles of Projections |
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6 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Projections and Decision Making |
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8 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Forecasting and Planning |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3 How Can This Book Help? |
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11 | (8) |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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2 Fundamentals of Population Analysis |
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19 | (26) |
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19 | (8) |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (5) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Demographic Balancing Equation |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (10) |
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35 | (3) |
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2.4.2 American Community Survey |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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2.4.5 Administrative Records |
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41 | (1) |
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2.4.6 Population Estimates |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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3 Overview of the Cohort-Component Method |
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45 | (6) |
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3.1 Concepts and Terminology |
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45 | (3) |
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3.2 Brief Description of Procedures |
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48 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (26) |
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52 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Age-Specific Death Rate |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (7) |
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4.2.1 Life Table Survival Rates |
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54 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Census Survival Rates |
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60 | (1) |
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4.3 Approaches to Projecting Mortality Rates |
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61 | (5) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Trend Extrapolation |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Synthetic Projection |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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4.4 Implementing the Mortality Component |
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66 | (6) |
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66 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Views of the Future |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (5) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (26) |
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78 | (5) |
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79 | (1) |
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5.1.2 General Fertility Rate |
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79 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Age-Specific Birth Rate |
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80 | (1) |
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5.1.4 Total Fertility Rate |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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5.2 Two Perspectives: Period and Cohort |
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83 | (5) |
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5.2.1 Defining the Relationship |
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83 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Assessing the Issues |
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85 | (3) |
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5.3 Approaches to Projecting Fertility Rates |
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88 | (4) |
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88 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Trend Extrapolation |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Synthetic Projection |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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5.4 Implementing the Fertility Component |
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92 | (5) |
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92 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Views of the Future |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
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97 | (6) |
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98 | (5) |
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103 | (52) |
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6.1 Concepts, Definitions, and Measures |
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105 | (12) |
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105 | (12) |
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117 | (6) |
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117 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Administrative Records |
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119 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Indirect or Residual Estimates of Migration |
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121 | (2) |
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6.3 Evaluating and Adjusting ACS Migration Data |
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123 | (6) |
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6.3.1 Evaluating ACS Data |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (4) |
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6.4 Determinants of Migration |
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129 | (5) |
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6.4.1 Theoretical Foundations |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (7) |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (3) |
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6.6 Implementing the Migration Component |
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141 | (5) |
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6.6.1 Choosing Appropriate Models |
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141 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Choosing Data and Assumptions |
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142 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Accounting for Unique Events and Special Populations |
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143 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Accounting for Data Problems |
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144 | (1) |
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6.6.5 Converting Data to Other Time Intervals |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (9) |
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148 | (7) |
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7 Implementing the Cohort-Component Method |
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155 | (30) |
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7.1 General Considerations |
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155 | (3) |
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7.2 Applying the Cohort-Component Method |
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158 | (22) |
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7.2.1 Gross Migration (Model I) |
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158 | (13) |
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7.2.2 Net Migration (Model II) |
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171 | (5) |
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7.2.3 Hamilton-Perry (Model III) |
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176 | (4) |
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7.3 Comparing Models I, II, and III |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (4) |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (30) |
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186 | (4) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (13) |
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191 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Polynomial Curve Fitting |
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193 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Exponential Curve Fitting |
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195 | (2) |
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8.2.4 Logistic Curve Fitting |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (4) |
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203 | (5) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Other Applications of Ratio Methods |
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207 | (1) |
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8.4 Analyzing Projection Results |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (5) |
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211 | (4) |
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9 Structural and Microsimulation Models |
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215 | (36) |
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9.1 Structural Models: Economic-Demographic |
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216 | (12) |
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9.1.1 Factors Affecting Migration |
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217 | (5) |
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222 | (5) |
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9.1.3 Non-Recursive Models |
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227 | (1) |
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9.2 Structural Models: Urban Systems |
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228 | (10) |
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9.2.1 A Brief History of Urban Systems Models |
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229 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Components of Urban Systems Models |
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231 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Land-Use and Activity Models in Use Today |
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232 | (6) |
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9.3 Microsimulation Models |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (12) |
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241 | (10) |
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251 | (36) |
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251 | (7) |
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10.1.1 Accounting for Special Populations |
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252 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Data Sources and Adjustments |
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253 | (3) |
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10.1.3 Illustrating the Impact of a Special Population |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (14) |
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10.2.1 Controlling to Independent Projections |
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259 | (7) |
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10.2.2 Controlling to Projections of Larger Geographic Areas |
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266 | (6) |
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10.3 Providing Additional Temporal and Age Detail |
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272 | (12) |
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10.3.1 Adding Temporal Detail |
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273 | (6) |
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279 | (5) |
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284 | (3) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (14) |
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11.1 Concepts, Definitions, Methods |
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287 | (3) |
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11.1.1 Participation-Ratio Method |
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288 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Cohort-Progression Method |
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289 | (1) |
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11.1.3 Other Considerations |
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289 | (1) |
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11.2 Illustrations of Population-Related Projections |
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290 | (7) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (2) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (4) |
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298 | (3) |
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12 Evaluating Projections |
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301 | (22) |
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302 | (12) |
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12.1.1 Provision of Necessary Detail |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (2) |
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12.1.4 Costs of Production |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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12.1.6 Ease of Application and Explanation |
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310 | (1) |
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12.1.7 Usefulness as an Analytical Tool |
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310 | (1) |
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12.1.8 Political Acceptability |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (6) |
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12.3.1 Provision of Detail |
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315 | (2) |
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12.3.2 Face Validity and Plausibility |
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317 | (1) |
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12.3.3 Costs and Timeliness |
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317 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Ease of Application and Explanation |
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318 | (1) |
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12.3.5 Usefulness as an Analytical Tool |
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319 | (1) |
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12.3.6 Political Acceptability |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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321 | (2) |
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13 Forecast Accuracy and Bias |
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323 | (50) |
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13.1 Measuring Accuracy and Bias |
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324 | (5) |
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13.1.1 Defining Forecast Error |
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324 | (1) |
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13.1.2 Common Error Measures |
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325 | (2) |
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13.1.3 Selection Criteria |
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327 | (2) |
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13.2 Factors Affecting Accuracy and Bias |
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329 | (22) |
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329 | (9) |
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338 | (2) |
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13.2.3 Population Growth Rate |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (3) |
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13.2.5 Length of Base Period |
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345 | (3) |
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348 | (3) |
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13.3 Projections of Demographic Characteristics |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (3) |
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13.5 Accounting for Uncertainty |
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356 | (8) |
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13.5.1 Alternative Scenarios |
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356 | (2) |
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13.5.2 Prediction Intervals |
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358 | (6) |
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364 | (9) |
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366 | (7) |
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14 A Practical Guide to Small-Area Projections |
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373 | (20) |
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14.1 Determine What is Needed and the Resources Available |
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374 | (4) |
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14.1.1 Demographic Characteristics |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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14.1.3 Length of Horizon and Projection Interval |
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376 | (1) |
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14.1.4 Time and Budget Constraints |
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377 | (1) |
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14.1.5 Other Considerations |
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377 | (1) |
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14.2 Construct the Projections |
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378 | (7) |
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14.2.1 Select Computer Software |
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378 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Choose Projection Method(s) |
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379 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Collect and Evaluate Data |
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380 | (2) |
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14.2.4 Adjust for Special Events |
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382 | (1) |
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14.2.5 Control for Consistency |
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383 | (1) |
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14.2.6 Account for Uncertainty |
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383 | (2) |
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14.3 Review and Document the Results |
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385 | (5) |
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385 | (3) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (3) |
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391 | (2) |
Epilogue: Some Final Thoughts |
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393 | (3) |
References |
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396 | (1) |
Glossary |
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397 | (8) |
Index |
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405 | |