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E-raamat: Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects

  • Formaat: 522 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309274838
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  • Formaat: 522 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309274838
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The early to mid-1990s saw a large surge in U.S. cigar consumption, including premium cigars. Based on recent import data, premium cigar use may be increasing, though they currently make up a small percent of the total U.S. cigar market. Premium cigars have also been the subject of legal and regulatory efforts for the past decade. In 1998, the National Cancer Institute undertook a comprehensive review of available knowledge about cigars - the only one to date. The resulting research recommendations have largely not been addressed, and many of the identified information gaps persist. Furthermore, there is no single, consistent definition of premium cigars, making research challenging.



In response, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee of experts to address this issue. The resulting report, Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects, includes 13 findings, 24 conclusions, and nine priority research recommendations and assesses the state of evidence on premium cigar characteristics, current patterns of use, marketing and perceptions of the product, and short- long-term health effects.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Context and Methods Chapter 1 Annex: Premium Cigar Definitions 2 Characteristics of Cigars 3 Patterns of Use and Prevalence of Cigars 4 Cigar Marketing and Perceptions Chapter 4 Annex: Evidence Tables 5 Health Effects of Premium Cigars Chapter 5 Annex: Health Effects Evidence Tables 6 Priority Research Needs Appendix A: Research Questions Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search Appendix C: Cross-Sectional Patterns of Cigar Use by Type in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health Appendix D: Cross-Sectional Patterns and Longitudinal Transitions of Cigar Use by Type in the PATH Study Appendix E: Cigar Brands from PATH and NSDUH Analyses Appendix F: Cigar Physical Characteristics Appendix G: Exploratory Spatial Analyses of the Locations of 20192021 Premium Cigar Association Retailers, United States Appendix H: Public Meeting Agendas Appendix I: Committee Member and Staff Biographies
Acknowledgments xv
Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii
Abstract xxi
Summary 1(26)
1 Context and Methods
27(32)
Background and Landscape
27(6)
The Committee's Charge
33(2)
Study Context and Approach
35(3)
The Committee's Approach
38(6)
Report Overview
44(2)
Concluding Observations
46(1)
References
47(3)
Chapter 1 Annex: Premium Cigar Definitions
50(9)
2 Characteristics of Cigars
59(44)
Physical Characteristics of Cigars
60(6)
Cigar Chemistry
66(10)
Biomarkers
76(7)
Inhalation Patterns
83(10)
Flavors
93(1)
Concluding Observations
94(3)
References
97(6)
3 Patterns of Use and Prevalence of Cigars
103(32)
Cigar Consumption over Time
103(5)
Prevalence and Trends of Premium Cigars versus Other Cigar Types and Cigarettes
108(9)
Co-Use of Premium Cigars with Other Tobacco Products or Substances
117(4)
Transitions in Cigar Use and Other Tobacco Products
121(8)
Key Research Gaps and Findings
129(2)
References
131(4)
4 Cigar Marketing and Perceptions
135(70)
Historical Context
135(3)
Concept of "Premium"
138(1)
Marketing
138(24)
Sales
162(9)
Awareness, Knowledge, and Beliefs
171(19)
Concluding Observations
190(2)
References
192(5)
Chapter 4 Annex: Evidence Tables
197(8)
5 Health Effects of Premium Cigars
205(108)
Introduction
205(2)
Health Effects of Exposure to Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents of Cigar Smoke
207(5)
Health Effects of Premium Cigars
212(1)
All-Cause Mortality
212(4)
Cardiovascular Disease
216(4)
Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease
220(6)
Periodontal Diseases and Cancers of the Oral Cavity, Head, and Neck
226(7)
Other Cancers
233(9)
Other Health Conditions
242(2)
Health Effects: Summary and Conclusions
244(1)
Differences by Sociodemographic Characteristics
245(1)
Potential Health Implications of Flavorings in Premium Cigars
246(1)
Health Effects of Secondhand Cigar Smoke
247(3)
Addiction Potential
250(15)
Research Gaps
265(1)
References
266(13)
Chapter 5 Annex: Health Effects Evidence Tables
279(34)
6 Priority Research Needs
313(12)
Introduction
313(2)
Prioritization Considerations
315(1)
High-Priority Recommendations
316(3)
Additional Priority Recommendations
319(4)
Concluding Comments
323(1)
References
324(1)
APPENDIXES
A Research Questions
325(6)
B Overview of Literature Search1
331(2)
C Cross-Sectional Patterns of Cigar Use By Type in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health
333(34)
D Cross-Sectional Patterns and Longitudinal Transitions of Cigar Use By Type in the Path Study
367(34)
E Cigar Brands from Path and Nsduh Analyses
401(4)
F Cigar Physical Characteristics
405(24)
G Exploratory Spatial Analyses of the Locations of 2019-2021 Premium Cigar Association Retailers, United States
429(8)
H Public Meeting Agendas
437(6)
I Committee Member and Staff Biographies
443